أباتشي (قبيلة)

أباتشي
	Apache portraits
المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة
	أريزونا، نيومكسيكووأوكلاهوما
Languages
	Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan Apache, Plains Apache, Mescalero, الأباتشي الغربية
Religion
	الكنيسة الأمريكية الأصلية، المسيحية، الشامانية دين القبلية
Related ethnic groups
	Navajo, Dene

أباتشي

أباتشي أوأباش (Apache) ( //; بالفرنسية: [a.paʃ]) هي مجموعة من قبائل الهنود الحمر السكان الأصليين لامريكا الشمالية. لغتهم لغة أثاباسكان الجنوبية، والتعريف الحديث لهم يستثني شعب نافويا المتقارب. هاجموا حضارتي المايا والتولتك.وقاوموا الأسبان في مطلع القرن 16 عندما غزوا المكسيك. وحدثة(أباش) بالأسبانية معناها سفلة. وكان الأباش يمارسون صيد الجاموس الوحشي والخيول عن طر يق تقفي الأثر والتربص والانقضاض. وكانوا برقصون رسيرة الحرب مع دق الطبول ودهان أجسامهم باللون الأحمر. وكانوا يسيرون للحرب علي صوت النفر المصنوع من قرن الجاموس.

مجموعات أباتشي المعاصرة

Apachean tribes ca. 18th century: WA – Western Apache, N – Navajo, Ch – Chiricahua, M – Mescalero, J – Jicarilla, L – Lipan, Pl – Plains Apache

نطقب:Imagequote2

Young Jicarilla Apache boy, نيومكسيكو, 2009

Present-day primary locations of Apachean peoples

الإسم والمرادفات

صعوبات في تسمية

Essa-queta, Plains Apache chief

قائمة أسماء

التاريخ

الدخول الى الجنوب الغربي

The Coronado Expedition, 1540–1542

الصراع مع المكسيك والولايات المتحدة

Geronimo

الترحيل القسري

الهزيمة

Pre-reservation culture

المنظمات الإجتماعية

خطأ في إنشاء صورة مصغرة: الملف مفقود

Apache bride

Kinship systems

Chiricahua

Hide painting depicting Apache girl's puberty ceremony, by Naiche (Chiricahua Apache), ca. 1900, Oklahoma History Center

Jicarilla

الإسكان

Frame of Apache wickiup

Chiricahua medicine man in wickiup with family

الغذاء

Various Apache containers: baskets, bowls and jars. The women-made baskets could hold heavy loads and were made mainly from yucca or willow leaves or juniper bark.

الصيد

Apache jug

الملابس

استحداث نباتات جديدة ومصادر غذائية أخرى

Apache girl with basket, 1902

زراعة المحاصيل

التجارة، الإغارة، والحرب

الدين

اللغات

Proto- Athabascan		Navajo	Western Apache	Chiricahua	Mescalero	Jicarilla	Lipan	Plains Apache
*k̯uʔs	"handle fabric-like object"	-tsooz	-tsooz	-tsuuz	-tsuudz	-tsoos	-tsoos	-tsoos
*ce·	"stone"	tsé	tséé	tsé	tsé	tsé	tsí	tséé

	Western				Eastern
	Navajo	Western Apache	Chiricahua	Mescalero	Jicarilla	Lipan	Plains Apache
"water"	tó	tū	tú	tú	kó	kó	kóó
"fire"	kǫʼ	kǫʼ	kųų	kų	ko̱ʼ	kǫǫʼ	kǫʼ

Proto- Athabascan		Navajo	Chiricahua	Mescalero	Jicarilla	Plains Apache
*k̯aʔx̣ʷ	"big"	-tsaa	-tsaa	-tsaa	-tsaa	-cha

		Low-Marked		High-Marked
Proto- Athabascan		Navajo	Chiricahua	Slavey	Chilcotin
*taʔ	"father"	-taaʼ	-taa	-táʼ	-tá
*tu·	"water"	tó	tú	tù	tù

مشاهير أباتشي

Kathy Kitcheyan, Chairwoman of the San Carlos Apache

Mangas Coloradas, Chief
Cochise, Chief
Victorio, Chief
Geronimo, Leader
Essa-queta, Chief
Richard Aitson, Plains Apache beader
William Alchesay, White Mountain scout, chief
Tammie Allen, Jicarilla potter
Chatto, scout
Mildred Cleghorn, Fort Sill tribal chairperson
Dahteste, female warrior
Gouyen, female warrior
Lozen, female warrior
Bob Haozous, Chiricahua sculptor
Allan Houser, Chiricahua sculptor
Vanessa Jennings, Kiowa Apache beadworker and regalia-maker
Loco, Chief
Ronnie Lupe, activist and White Mountain Apache tribal chairman
Douglas Miles, San Carlos painter
Naiche, Chief
Nana, Chief
Joanelle Romero, actress, filmmaker
Jay Tavare, actor
Taza, Chief
Mary Kim Titla, publisher, journalist, former TV reporter, and a 2008 candidate for Arizona's First Congressional District
Raoul Trujillo, dancer, choreographer, actor
Winnetou, fictional Apache chief in several novels by Karl May

Eleven Medal of Honor recipients: see List of Native American Medal of Honor recipients.

انظر أيضاً

Apache rawhide playing cards, ca. 1875–1885, collection of NMAI

Athabascan languages
Battle of Apache Pass
Battle of Cieneguilla
Camp Grant massacre
Chiricahua
Fort Apache, a movie in the genre of historical fiction about encounters between the US Army and Cochise's band
Jicarilla Apache
Lipan Apache people
Mescalero
Native American tribe
Native Americans in the United States
Navajo people
Plains Apache
Southern Athabascan languages
Western Apache

الهوامش

^ Census.gov Census 2000 PHC-T-18. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States: 2000. US Census Bureau 2000 (retrieved December 28, 2009)
^ Carolyn Casey. The Apache, Marshall Cavendish, 2006, p. 18

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