قائمة فهماء الأحياء
هذه هي قائمة فهماء الأحياء المشهورين. وتضم فهماء الحيوان والنبات والحشرات وmalacologists, الطبيعة وباقي المجالات الفرعية.
انظر أيضاً:
- قائمة فهماء النبات حسب اختصار المؤلف
- قائمة فهماء الحيوان حسب اختصار المؤلف.
- قائمة الحائزين على جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب
A
- همايون عبد العلي (1914–2001), Indian ornithologist
- عزيز أبوصابر (1924-), Brazilian geographer, geologist and ecologist
- Erik Acharius (1757–1819), Swedish botanist
- Johann Friedrich Adam (18th cent - 1806), Russian botanist
- Arthur Adams (1820-1878), an English physician and naturalist
- Michel Adanson (1727–1806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Adans.)
- إدگار دوگلاس أدريان (1889–1977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932 جائزة نوبل في الفسيولوجيا أوالطب for his research on neurons
- Adam Afzelius (1750–1837), Swedish botanist
- Carl Adolph Agardh (1785–1859), Swedish botanist
- Jacob Georg Agardh (1813–1901), Swedish botanist
- لويس أگاسيز (1807–1873), Swiss zoologist
- ألكسندر أگاسيز (1835–1910)، عالم حيوان أمريكي، ابن لويس أگاسيز
- Nikolaus Ager (1568–1634), French botanist
- William Aiton (1731–1793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Aiton)
- Pedro Alberch i Vié (1954–1998), Spanish naturalist
- Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the National Academy of Sciences
- Boyd Alexander (1873–1910), English ornithologist
- Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English ornithologist
- Richard D. Alexander (born 1930) American evolutionary biologist
- Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist
- Alfred William Alcock (1859–1933), British naturalist
- سليم علي (1896–1987), Indian ornithologist
- Frédéric-Louis Allamand (1736 – after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany : F.Allam.)
- Warder Clyde Allee (1885–1955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee effect
- Joel Asaph Allen (1838–1921), birds, mammals
- George James Allman (1812–1898), British naturalist
- Prospero Alpini (1553–1617), Italian botanist
- Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989 جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء for his work on RNA
- بروس إيمز (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
- José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (1832–1897), Portuguese naturalist
- جورج فرنش أنگس (25 April 1822 Newcastle-on-Tyne -ثمانية October 1886 London), was an English explorer, naturalist and painter.
- George French Angas (1822-1886), an English explorer, naturalist, conchologist and painter
- Jakob Johan Adolf Appellöf (1857–1921), Swedish marine zoologist
- Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Greek philosopher
- Peter Artedi (1705–1735), Swedish naturalist
- Jean Baptiste Audebert (1759–1800), French naturalist
- Jean Victoire Audouin (1797–1841), French zoologist
- John James Audubon (1786–1851), American ornithologist
- شارلوت أورباخ (1899–1994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of mutagenesis
- Gilbert Ashwell (born 1916), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
- Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel prize winning physiologist
- جوليوس أكسلرود (1912–2004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
- Félix de Azara (1746–1811), Spanish naturalist
B
Ba-Bi
- Churchill Babington (1831–1881), British archaeologist and conchologist
- John Bachman (1790–1874), American naturalist
- Curt Backeberg (1894–1966), عالم نبات ألماني (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)
- Karl Ernst von Baer (1792–1876), embryology
- Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), عالم نبات أمريكي (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey)
- Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823–1887), birds and mammals
- John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Balf.)
- David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel prize
- Joseph Banks (1743–1820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany : Banks)
- Robert Bárány (1876–1936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his research on the vestibular system
- Benjamin Smith Barton (1766–1815), عالم نبات أمريكي (abbr. in botany : Barton)
- جون برترام (1699–1777), عالم نبات أمريكي (abbr. in botany : Bartram)
- William Bartram (1739–1823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : W.Bartram)
- Anton de Bary (1831–1888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist
- Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), English naturalist
- Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the Zoological Society of London
- August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (1762–1802), عالم نبات ألماني, mycologist
- Nicolas Baudin (1754–1803), French botanist
- Gaspard Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus(abbr. in botany : C.Bauhin)
- Johann Matthäus Bechstein (1757–1822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Bechst.)
- Rollo Beck (1870–1950), US ornithologist
- Charles Emerson Beecher (1856–1904), US invertebrate paleontologist
- Charles William Beebe (1877–1962), biologist
- Martinus Beijerinck (1851–1931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses
- Thomas Bell (1792–1880) English naturalist
- David Bellamy (born 1933), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- George Bentham (1800–1884), عالم نبات إنجليزي (abbr; in botany : Benth.)
- Robert Bentley (1821–1893), عالم نبات إنجليزي (abbr. in botany : Bentley)
- Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (1917–1998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
- Hans Berger (1873–1941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of electroencephalography
- Rudolph Bergh (1824-1909), a Danish physician and zoologist
- Claude Bernard (1813–1878), French physiologist and father of the concept of homeostasis
- Samuel Stillman Berry (1887–1984), U.S. marine zoologist
- Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), English ornithologist
- Colin Bibby (1948–2004), English ornithologist
- Gabriel Bibron (1806–1848), French zoologist
- Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan (1883–1953), Dutch biologist and ethologist
- Biswamoy Biswas (1923–1994), Indian ornithologist
Bl-Bu
- Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US researcher in the field of telomeres and the 'telomerase' enzyme.
- John Blackwall (1790–1881), British entomologist
- Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (1777–1850), French zoologist
- Albert Francis Blakeslee (1874–1954), عالم نبات أمريكي, best known for research on Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
- Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), English naturalist
- William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), English naturalist
- Pieter Bleeker (1819–1878), Dutch ichthyologist
- Günter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper location within the cell.
- Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical properties of single bio-molecules
- Carl Ludwig Blume (1789–1862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Blume)
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840), German physiologist and anthropologist
- Edward Blyth (1810–1873), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- Pieter Boddaert (1730–1795 or 1796), naturalist
- Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803–1857), French naturalist
- James Bond (1900–1989), American ornithologist
- Franco Andrea Bonelli (1784–1830), Italian ornithologist
- August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (1786–1839), عالم نبات ألماني
- Charles Bonnet (1720–1793), Swiss naturalist
- Aimé Bonpland (1773–1858), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Bonpl.)
- Jules Bordet (1870–1961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his discovery of the complement system in the immune system
- Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903–1970), Russian botanist
- Norman Borlaug (born 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution.
- Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (1759–1828), French zoologist
- George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), Belgian zoologist
- Jules Bourcier (1797–1873), French naturalist
- Johann Friedrich von Brandt (1802–1879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Brandt)
- Christian Ludwig Brehm (1787–1864), German ornithologist
- Alfred Brehm (1829–1884), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب
- Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814–1880), American naturalist
- William Brewster (1851–1919), American ornithologist
- Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1723–1806), French zoologist.
- Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859–1934), عالم نبات أمريكي (abbr. in botany : Britton)
- Thomas D. Brock (born 1926), عالم أحياء أمريكي, discoverer of hyperthermophiles
- Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (1801–1876), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Brongn.)
- Robert Broom (1866–1951), South African paleontologist
- James H. Brown American ecologist.
- Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist (abbr. in botany : R.Br.)
- David Bruce (1855-1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist
- Jean Guillaume Bruguière (1750–1798), French naturalist
- Morten Thrane Brünnich (1737–1827), Danish zoologist
- Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), Scottish zoologist and botanist
- Stephen L. Buchmann co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators
- Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist, Nobel prize winner
- Samuel Botsford Buckley (1809–1884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buckley)
- Buffon (1707–1788) French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buffon)
- William Bullock (1773–1849), English naturalist
- Walter Buller (1838–1906), New Zealand naturalist
- James Bulwer (1794–1879), English naturalist and conchologist
- Alexander G. von Bunge (1803–1890), German-Russian zoologist
- Luther Burbank (1849–1926), American horticulturalist
- Hermann Burmeister (1807–1892), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers" to manipulate DNA
- Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria. Currently works on DNA paternity testing
C
- Jean Cabanis (1816–1906), German ornithologist
- George Caley (1770–1829), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), عالم نبات ألماني
- Frederick Campion Steward (1904–1993), عالم نبات بريطاني
- A. P. de Candolle (1778–1841), Swiss botanist
- Phillip Pearsall Carpenter (1819-1877), a conchologist
- Alexis Carrel (1873–1944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of eugenics
- Elie-Abel Carrière (1818–1896), French botanist
- Clodoveo Carrión Mora (1883–1957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
- Sean B. Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
- Rachel Carson (1907–1964), biologist, author of Silent Spring
- George Washington Carver (1860–1943), عالم نبات أمريكي
- John Cassin (1813–1869), American ornithologist
- Alexandre de Cassini (1781–1832), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Cass.)
- William E. Castle (1867–1962), American geneticist
- Mark Catesby (1683–1749), English naturalist
- Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), Italian botanist
- Francesco Cetti (1726–1778), Italian zoologist
- Carlos Chagas (1879–1934), Brazilian physician
- Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), عالم نبات ألماني
- Min Chueh Chang (1908–1991), biologist
- Frank Michler Chapman (1864–1945), ornithologist
- Martha Chase (1927–2003), عالم أحياء أمريكي, conducted the Hershey-Chase experiment which linked DNA to heredity
- Sergei Chetverikov (1880–1959), Russian population geneticist
- Charles Chilton (1860–1929), New Zealand zoologist
- Carl Chun (1852–1914), German marine biologist
- Nathan Cobb (1859–1932), عالم أحياء أمريكي, considered the founder of the discipline of nematology
- Alfred Cogniaux (1841–1916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in bot. : Cogn.)
- Stanley Cohen (born 1922), عالم أحياء أمريكي who won the Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.
- James J. Collins, عالم أحياء أمريكي, synthetic biology and systems biology pioneer
- Henry Boardman Conover (1892–1950), American ornithologist
- Timothy Abbott Conrad (1803–1877), American malacologist
- James Graham Cooper (1830–1902), American naturalist
- William Cooper (1798–1864), American conchologist
- Edward Drinker Cope (1840–1897), fish, reptiles, paleontology
- Charles Coquerel (1822–1867), French navy surgeon and entomologist
- Carl Ferdinand Cori (1896–1984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on the Cori cycle
- Gerty Cori (1986–1957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the Cori cycle
- Charles B. Cory (1857–1921), American ornithologist
- Emanuel Mendez da Costa (1717–1791), an عالم نبات إنجليزي, naturalist, philosopher
- Elliott Coues (1842–1899), American ornithologist
- Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (1907–2004), South African zoologist
- Jacques Cousteau (1910–1997), French marine biologist and explorer
- Miguel Rolando Covian (1913–1992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of Brazilian neurophysiology
- Frederick Vernon Coville (1867-1937), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (1786–1845), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Francis Crick (1916–2004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule and a neurobiologist
- Joseph Charles Hippolyte Crosse (1826-1898), a French conchologist
- Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Allan Cunningham (1791–1839), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- William Curtis (1746–1799), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Georges Cuvier (1769–1832), French naturalist.
D
- Anders Dahl (1751–1789), (namesake of the Dahlia)
- W.H. Dall (1845–1927), American naturalist and malacologist.
- Charles Darwin (1809–1882), British naturalist
- Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
- Charles Davenport (1866–1944), عالم أحياء أمريكي and eugenicsist, founded the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Armand David (1826–1900), French zoologist and botanist
- Bernard Davis (1916–1994), عالم أحياء أمريكي
- Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist
- Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787–1823), French naturalist
- Max Delbrück (1906–1981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the replication mechanism of viruses
- Richard Dell (1920–2002), New Zealand malacologist
- Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794 - 1860), Italian zoologist
- Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888), Belgian botanist
- René Louiche Desfontaines (1750–1833), French botanist
- Gérard Paul Deshayes (1795-1875), French geologist and conchologist.
- Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest (1784–1838), French zoologist
- Ernst Dieffenbach (1811–1855), German naturalist
- Olayo Díaz Giménez (1810–1885), Spanish botanist
- Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), عالم نبات ألماني
- Lewis Weston Dillwyn (1778–1855), a عالم نبات بريطاني and conchologist
- Walter Dobrogosz (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus reuteri
- Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900–1975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
- Rembert Dodoens (1517–1585), Flemish botanist
- Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German marine biologist
- David Don (1799–1841), عالم نبات بريطاني
- James Donn (1758–1813) عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Jean Dorst (1924–2001), French ornithologist
- Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), British entomologist
- David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist
- Jonas C. Dryander (1748–1810), Swedish botanist
- Félix Dujardin (1802-1860), biologist
- Renato Dulbecco (born 1914), biologist
- Ronald Duman Biological psychiatry
- André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), French zoologist
- Michel Felix Dunal (1789–1856), French botanist
- Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist
- Gerald Durrell (1925–1995), British naturalist
E
- Sylvia Earle (born 1935 ), American oceanographer
- John Carew Eccles (1903–1997), Australian neurophsyiologist and winner of the 1963 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on the synapse
- Christian Friedrich Ecklon (1795–1868), Danish botanist (bot. abbr. Eckl.)
- Gerald Edelman (born 1929) Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in neuroscience
- George Edwards (1693–1773), British naturalist
- Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795–1876), عالم أحياء ألماني and microscopist
- Paul Ehrlich (1854–1915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
- Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Daniel Giraud Elliot (1835–1915), American zoologist
- Günther Enderlein (1872–1968), عالم حيوان ألماني and entomologist
- Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (1804–1849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in bot.: Endl.)
- Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist
- George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-عالم نبات أمريكي
- Adolf Engler (1844–1930), عالم نبات ألماني (bot. abbr. Engl.)
- Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (1744–1777), German naturalist.
- Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (1793–1831), Baltic عالم أحياء ألماني and explorer, namesake of the California poppy
- Constantin von Ettingshausen (1826–1897), Austrian botanist
- Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
- Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), English naturalist
F
- Jean Henri Fabre (1823–1915), French entomologist
- Johan Christian Fabricius (1745–1808), Danish entomologist
- David Fairchild (1869–1954), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Hugh Falconer (1808–1865), Scottish paleontologist
- Leonardo Fea (1852–1903), Italian zoologist
- Christoph Feldegg (1780–1845), Austrian naturalist
- Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (1917–1994), عالم حيوان إنجليزي and pre-Columbian contact theorist
- Dimas Fernández Galiano (1921–2002)
- Sérgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist
- Harold John Finlay (1901-1951), New Zealand palaeontologist and conchologist
- Otto Finsch (1839–1917), German naturalist
- Johann Fischer von Waldheim (1771–1853), German entomologist
- James Fisher (1922–1970), English ornithologist
- Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of population genetics
- Tim Flannery (1956-), Australian biologist
- Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
- Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), British medical scientist
- Walther Flemming (1843–1905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis and chromosomes
- Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878–1950) English entomologist
- Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968), a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of penicillin
- Brian J. Ford (born 1939) British biologist and writer
- E.B. Ford (1901–1988) British ecological geneticist
- Peter Forsskål (1732–1763), Swedish naturalist
- Georg Forster (1754–1794), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: G.Forst.)
- Johann Reinhold Forster (1729–1798), German naturalist
- Robert Fortune (1813–1880), Scottish botanist
- Dian Fossey (1932–1985), zoologist
- Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
- Francisco Freire Allemão e Cysneiro (1797-1874), Brazilian botanist
- Elias Magnus Fries (1794–1878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
- Karl von Frisch (1886–1982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for pioneering studies of bees
- Imre Frivaldszky (1799–1870), Hungarian botanist
- Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), عالم نبات ألماني
- José María de la Fuente Morales (1855–1932), Spanish biologist
- Louis Agassiz Fuertes (1874–1927), American ornithologist
G
- Joseph Gaertner (1732–1791), عالم نبات ألماني
- François Gagnepain (1866–1952), French botanist
- Joseph Paul Gaimard (1796–1858), French
- Biruté Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on orangutans
- Robert Gallo (born 1937), American virologist and co-discoverer of HIV
- William Gambel (1823–1849), American naturalist
- Prosper Garnot (1794–1838), French naturalist
- Barry Garrison (1958-2007), عالم أحياء أمريكي
- Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré (1789–1854), French botanist
- Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on split-brain patients
- Dirk Cornelis Geijskes (1907–1985), Dutch biologist and ethologist
- Howard Scott Gentry (1903–1993), عالم نبات أمريكي
- John Gerard (1545–1611/12), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565), Swiss naturalist (bot. abbr. : Gesner)
- Luca Ghini (1490–1566), Italian botanist
- John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
- Charles Henry Gimingham (born 1923), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Charles Frédéric Girard (1822–1895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
- Johann Friedrich Gmelin (1748–1804), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.F.Gmel.)
- Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.G.Gmel.)
- Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (1744–1774), عالم نبات ألماني (bot. abbr. : S.G.Gmel.)
- Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), English naturalist and ornithologist
- Émil Goeldi (1859–1917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749–1832), known for his literary works but also a scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation stems from a modification of the Leaf.
- Camillo Golgi (1843–1926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in neurobiology
- Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, best-known for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
- George Gordon (1806–1879), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888), English naturalist
- Augustus Addison Gould (1805–1866), an American conchologist.
- John Gould (1804–1881), English ornithologist
- Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), US paleontologist
- Alfred Grandidier (1836–1921), French naturalist and explorer
- Guillaume Grandidier (1873–1957), French naturalist and explorer son of Alfred Grandidier
- Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism
- Chapman Grant (1887–1983), American herpetologist
- Pierre-Paul Grassé (1895–1985), French zoologist
- Asa Gray (1810–1888), عالم نبات أمريكي
- George Robert Gray (1808–1872), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- J.E. Gray (1800–1875), عالم حيوان بريطاني
- Andrew Jackson Grayson (1819–1869), American ornithologist
- William King Gregory (1876–1970), عالم حيوان أمريكي
- Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (1862–1933), British ornithologist
- Jan Frederik Gronovius (1690–1762), Dutch botanist
- Pavel Grošelj (1883–1940), biologist and belletrist
- Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville (1799–1874), French entomologist
- Johann Anton Güldenstädt (1745–1781), German naturalist
- Allvar Gullstrand (1862–1930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the eye"
- Johann Ernst Gunnerus (1718–1773), Norwegian botanist
- Albert C. L. G. Günther (1830–1914), British/عالم حيوان ألماني
- Guranda Gvaladze (born 1932), Georgian botanist
H
- Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919), German physician, zoologist and evolutionist
- Hermann August Hagen (1817–1893), German entomologist
- J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964), British evolutionary biologist and co-founder of population genetics
- William Donald Hamilton (1936–2000), British evolutionary biologist
- Thomas Hardwicke (1755–1835), English naturalist
- Alister Clavering Hardy (1896–1985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of the biological basis of religion
- Richard Harlan (1796–1843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
- Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, father of the free radical theory of aging
- Maarten 't Hart (born 1944), Dutch biologist and writer
- Ernst Hartert (1859–1933), German ornithologist
- Gustav Hartlaub (1814–1900), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812–1871), عالم نبات ألماني
- William Henry Harvey (1811–1866) Irish phycologist.
- Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian biologist
- Frederik Hasselquist (1722–1752), Swedish naturalist
- François HaverSchmidt (1906–1987) Dutch ornithologist
- Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (1824–1878), English ornithologist
- James Hector (1834–1907) was a Scottish geologist, naturalist, and surgeon
- Charles Hedley (1862 – 1926), a naturalist, active in Australia
- Oskar Heinroth (1871–1945), عالم أحياء ألماني, a founder of ethology
- Wilhelm Hemprich (1796–1825), German naturalist
- Willi Hennig (1913–1976) عالم أحياء ألماني, founder of cladistics
- John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), English mineralogist, botanist and clergyman
- Johann Hermann (1738-1800), a French physician and naturalist
- Albert William Herre (1868-1962), an American ichthyologist and lichenologist
- Alfred Hershey (1908–1997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on the genetics of viruses
- Archibald Vivian Hill (1886–1977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for elucidation of mechanical work in muscles
- Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800–1894), English naturalist
- Bruno Hofer (1861–1916), German fisheries scientist
- Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (1766–1849) عالم نبات ألماني, entomologist and ornithologist
- Franciscus Holkema (1840–1869), Dutch botanist
- Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798–1852), French naturalist
- Leroy Hood (born 1939), American biochemist, developed high speed automated DNA sequencer.
- Robert Hooke (1635–1703), British natural philosopher and Secretary to the Royal Society
- Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), عالم نبات بريطاني, explorer and Director of Kew Botanic Gardens
- William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), عالم نبات بريطاني, Director of Kew Botanic Gardens
- Thomas Horsfield (1773–1859), American naturalist
- Bernardo Houssay (1887–1971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for the function of the pituitary hormones in regulating blood sugar (glucose) in animals.
- Martinus Houttuyn (1720–1798), Dutch naturalist
- Albert Howard (1873–1947), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Eliot Howard (1873–1940), English ornithologist
- Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology.
- David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for research on the visual system
- François Huber (1750–1831), Swiss naturalist
- Ambrosius Hubrecht (1853–1915), Dutch zoologist
- William Henry Hudson (1841–1922), Argentinian-British ornithologist
- Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), German naturalist and explorer
- Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), British ornithologist
- Rob Hume, British ornithologist
- George Evelyn Hutchinson (1903–1991), American ecologist and limnologist
- Frederick Wollaston Hutton (1835–1905), English biologist and geologist, later worked in New Zealand
- Julian Sorell Huxley (1887-1975), عالم حيوان إنجليزي and contributor to the modern evolutionary synthesis; first D-G of UNESCO
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), عالم حيوان إنجليزي and advocate of evolution, agnosticism and scientific education
- Alpheus Hyatt (1838–1902), US neo-Lamarckian
- Libbie Hyman (1888–1969), invertebrate zoologist
- Josef Hyrtl (1810–1894), Austrian anatomist
I
- Hermann von Ihering (1850–1930), German naturalist
- Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (1775–1813), German entomologist
- Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), Dutch-born عالم نبات بريطاني.
- Tom Iredale (1880–1972), English conchologist and ornithologist
- Paul Erdmann Isert (1756–1789), عالم نبات ألماني
J
- François Jacob (born 1920), French Biologist, Nobel Prize
- Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (1727–1817), Dutch-born Austrian botanist
- Honoré Jacquinot (1815–1887), French surgeon and zoologist
- Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist
- William Jardine (1800–1874), Scottish naturalist
- Feliks Pawel Jarocki (1790–1865), Polish zoologist
- Thomas C. Jerdon (1811–1872), عالم حيوان بريطاني and botanist
- Wilhelm Johannsen (1857–1927), (coined the term gene)
- David Starr Jordan (1851–1931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
- Félix Pierre Jousseaume (1835-1921), was a French zoologist and malacologist
- Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797–1853), French botanist
- Antoine de Jussieu (1686–1758), French naturalist
- Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748–1836), botanist, biologist (botanical abbr.: Juss.)
- Bernard de Jussieu (1699–1777), French naturalist
- Ernest Everett Just (1883–1941), عالم أحياء أمريكي
K
- Zbigniew Kabata (born 1924), Polish parasitologist
- Pehr Kalm (1716–1779), Swedish botanist
- Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on the neural correlates of memory
- Nicole C. Karafyllis, عالم أحياء ألماني
- Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (1817–1908), عالم نبات ألماني
- Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of self-organization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
- Johann Jakob Kaup (1803–1873), German naturalist
- Janet Kear (1933–2004), English ornithologist
- Gerald A. Kerkut (1927–2004), عالم حيوان بريطاني and physiologist
- Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831–1898), Austrian botanist
- Arthur Francis George Kerr (1877–1942), Irish medical doctor, first systematic collector of plants of Siam
- Robert Kerr (1755–1813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
- Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics, introducer of African bees in Brazil
- Motoo Kimura (1924–1994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of theoretical population genetics
- Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882–1957), Scottish zoologist
- William Kirby (1759–1850), English entomologist
- Heinrich von Kittlitz (1799–1874), German naturalist
- Fritz Köberle (1910–1983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of Chagas disease
- Karl Koch (1809–1879), عالم نبات ألماني
- Robert Koch (1843–1910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
- Emil Theodor Kocher (1841–1917), German physician, winner of the 1909 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
- Alexander Koenig (1858–1940), German naturalist
- Albert von Kolliker (1817–1905), Swiss physiologist
- Charles Konig (1774–1851), German naturalist
- Arthur Kornberg (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase
- Adriaan Kortlandt, (born 1918), Dutch ethologist
- Albrecht Kossel (1853–1927), German physician and winner of the 1910 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his research in cell biology
- Hans Adolf Krebs (1900–1981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
- Gerard Krefft (1830–1881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
- Moacyr Krieger (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist
- Kewal Krishan (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Schack August Steenberg Krogh (1874–1949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
- Heinrich Kuhl (1797–1821), عالم حيوان ألماني
ل
- Henri Laborit (1914–1995), French surgeon and physiologist
- Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist
- David Lack (1910–1973), British ornithologist
- Frédéric de Lafresnaye (1783–1861), French ornithologist
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like biology and fossils
- Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761–1842), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Hugh Lamprey (1928–1996), British ecologist
- Joseph Lanjouw (1902–1984), Dutch botanist
- Kai Larsen (born 1926) Danish botanist
- Charles Francis Laseron (1887-1959), an American-born Australian naturalist and malacologist
- John Latham (1740–1837), English naturalist
- Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), French entomologist
- Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (1845–1922), French physician, winner of the 1907 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a protozoon
- George Newbold Lawrence (1806–1855), American ornithologist
- William Elford Leach (1790–1836) عالم حيوان إنجليزي and marine biologist
- Colin Leakey (born 1933), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science
- Joseph LeConte (1823–1901), physiologist
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope
- François Leguat (1637?–1735), French naturalist
- Andy Lehrer (1930-), Romanian-Israeli entomologist
- Joseph Leidy (1823–1891), US paleontologist
- Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (1771–1813), Dutch naturalist
- Juan Lembeye (1816–1889), Spanish naturalist
- Leonardo Da Vinci (1452–1519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them.
- Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (1773–1826), French botanist
- Rene Primevere Lesson (1794–1849), French naturalist
- Charles Alexandre Lesueur (1778–1846), French naturalist
- François Le Vaillant (1753–1824), French ornithologist
- Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist
- Wen-Hsiung Li, molecular evolutionary biologist
- Emmanuel Liais (1826–1900), French botanist
- Martin Lichtenstein (1780–1867), عالم حيوان ألماني
- John Lightfoot (1735-1788), an English conchologist and botanist
- David R. Lindberg, an American malacologist and biologist
- Aristid Lindenmayer (1925–1989), Hungarian biologist
- John Lindley (1799–1865) عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Heinrich Friedrich Link (1767–1850), عالم نبات ألماني (abbr. in botany : Link)
- Carolus Linnaeus (1707–1778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial name (abbr L. or Linn.)
- Jacques Loeb (1859–1924), German-عالم أحياء أمريكي
- Friedrich Loeffler (1852–1915), عالم أحياء ألماني
- Konrad Lorenz (1903–1989), Austrian founder of ethology
- Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist
- John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Anatole Stephan Loukashkin (1902–1988), biologist
- James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the gaia hypothesis
- Percy Lowe (1870–1948), English ornithologist
- Peter Wilhelm Lund (1801–1880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist
- Salvador Luria (1912–1991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner
- Adolfo Lutz (1855–1940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health researcher
- André Lwoff (1902–1994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب
- Richard Lydekker (1849–1915), English naturalist
- تروفيم ليسينكو(1898–1976)، عالم أحياء ومهندس زراعي سوڤيتي. عام 1948، ندد رسميأً بفهم الوراثة. انظر ليسينكوية.
م
Ma-Mi
- Jules François Mabille (1831–1904), French malacologist
- John Macadam dead man Scottish-born Australian botanist
- John M. MacDougal (born 1954), عالم نبات أمريكي
- William MacGillivray (1796–1852), Scottish naturalist
- Gerrit François Makkink (1907–2006), Dutch ethologist, hydrologist and agriculturist
- Marcello Malpighi (1628–1694), Italian anatomist and biologist
- Ramon Margalef (1919–2004), Spanish-Catalan biologist and ecologist
- Leo Margolis (1927–1997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist
- Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist
- Alberto della Marmora (1789–1863), Italian naturalist
- Othniel Charles Marsh (1831–1899), paleontology
- Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
- Thomas Martyn (1735-1825), an عالم نبات إنجليزي, entomologist and conchologist
- Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (1794–1868), عالم نبات ألماني
- Fermín Martín Piera (1954–2001), Spanish botanist
- John Martyn (1699–1768), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- جون مارويك (1891-1978), New Zealand palaeontologist and geologist
- Francis Masson (1741–1805?), Scottish botanist
- Gregory Mathews (1876–1949), Australian ornithologist
- Paul Matschie (1861–1926), عالم حيوان ألماني
- William Diller Matthew (1871–1930), American paleontologist
- Polly Matzinger, American Immunologist
- Carl Maximowicz (1827–1891), Russian botanist
- Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877–1925), English entomologist
- Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physisist, mathematician, President of Royal Society of London 2000–2005
- Ernst Mayr (1904–2005), evolutionary biologist
- Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), عالم أحياء أمريكي, winner of a Nobel Prize for her work on the transposon, or "jumping gene"
- Bruce McConnell (born 1933) American Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- James V. McConnell (1925–1990), American biological psychologist
- Bruce McEwen Neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert
- Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855–1934), English ornithologist
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (1845–1916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on the immune system and phagocytosis, received the جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب عام 1908
- Johann Wilhelm Meigen (1764–1845), German entomologist
- گريگور مندل (1822–1884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
- Edouard Menetries (1802–1861), French entomologist
- Maud Leonora Menten, biologist
- Archibald Menzies (1754–1852), Scottish naturalist
- Clinton Hart Merriam (1855–1942), American zoologist and ornithologist
- John C. Merriam (1869–1945), عالم أحياء أمريكي
- Franz Meyen (1804–1840), عالم نبات ألماني
- Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee (1901–1984), American ornithologist
- Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951), German/American physician and biochemist, winner of the 1922 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب لأبحاثه في العضلات
- Leonor Michaelis (1875–1949), عالم أحياء ألماني
- أندريه ميشو(1746–1802)، عالم نبات فرنسي
- Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf (1815–1894), Russian zoologist
- Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai (1846–1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
- Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr. (1869–1956), American zoologist.
- Jacques Miller (born 1931), Australian immunologist.
- John Frederick Miller (1759–1796), English illustrator (primarily of botany)
- Philip Miller (1691–1771), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Mill.)
- Alphonse Milne-Edwards (1835–1900), French zoologist
- Henri Milne-Edwards (1800–1885), French zoologist
- George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900), English biologist
Mo-Mu
- Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), عالم نبات ألماني
- Paul Möhring (1710–1792) German naturalist
- Juan Ignacio Molina (1740–1829), Chilean naturalist
- جاك مونو(1910–1976) geneticist
- George Montagu (1753–1815), English naturalist
- Luc Montagnier (born 1932), French discoverer of HIV
- Rita Levi-Montalcini (born 1909), Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for her co-discovery of growth factors
- Tommaso Allery de Maria Monterosato (1841-1927), an Italian malacologist
- Pierre Dénys de Montfort (1766–1820), French naturalist
- George Thomas Moore (1871–1956) عالم نبات أمريكي
- Alfred Moquin-Tandon (1804–1863), French naturalist
- Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch (1828-1878), malacologist
- Thomas Hunt Morgan (1868–1945), American geneticist. He worked on the natural history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly Drosophila.
- Desmond Morris (born 1928), عالم حيوان بريطاني and biologist
- Roger Morse (1927–2000), professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping
- Guy Mountfort (1905–2003), English ornithologist
- Ladislav Mucina (born 1956), Slovakian botanist
- Ferdinand von Mueller (1825–1896), German-Australian botanist
- John Muir (1838–1914), US naturalist
- Otto Friedrich Müller (1730–1784), Danish naturalist (abbr. in botany : O.F.Müll.)
- Fritz Müller (1821–1897), German-Brazilian naturalist (abbr. in botany : F.J.Müll.)
- Hermann Müller (Thurgau) (1850–1927) Swiss botanist and oenologist
- Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller (1725–1776), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Salomon Muller (1804–1864), Dutch naturalist
- Kary Mullis (born 1944), biologist
- Otto von Münchhausen (1716–1774), عالم نبات ألماني
- John Murray (1841–1914) Scots-Canadian Marine Biologist
N
- Gary Paul Nabhan (born 1952), co-author of Forgotten Pollinators
- Karl Wilhelm von Nageli (1817–1891), Swiss botanist
- Johann Friedrich Naumann (1780–1857), German founder of scientific ornithology
- John Needham (1713–1781), English naturalist
- Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858), عالم نبات ألماني and zoologist
- Masatoshi Nei, American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist
- Randolph M. Nesse (born 1945), American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist
- Charles F. Newcombe (1851–1924), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Alfred Newton (1829–1907), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- Margaret Morse Nice (1883–1974), American ornithologist
- Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), عالم حيوان بريطاني
- Elmer Noble (1909–2001) American parasitologist
- Alfred Merle Norman (1831–1918), an English clergyman and naturalist
- Alfred John North (1855–1917), Australian ornithologist
- Thomas Nuttall (1786–1858), عالم نبات إنجليزي and zoologist
O
- Nils Hjalmar Odhner (1884-1973), a scandinavian zoologist
- Eugene P. Odum (1913–2002), American ecologist
- Howard T. Odum (1924–2002), American ecologist
- Anders Sandoe Oersted (1816–1872), Danish botanist (bot abbr.: Oerst.)
- William Ogilby (1808–1873), Irish naturalist
- William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863–1924), Scottish ornithologist
- Tomoko Ohta, Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist
- Lorenz Oken (1779–1851), German naturalist
- Giuseppe Olivi (1769–1795), Italian naturalist
- Aleksandr Oparin (1894–1980), Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his work on the origin of life
- Alcide d'Orbigny (1802–1857), French naturalist
- George Ord (1781–1866), American ornithologist
- Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828–1901), English entomologist
- Henry Fairfield Osborn (1857–1935), eugenicist, AMNH curator
- Emile Oustalet (1844–1905), French zoologist
- Richard Owen (1804–1892), biologist
P
- George Emil Palade (born 1912), Romanian-عالم أحياء أمريكي, discoverer of ribosomes, Nobel Prize
- Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), Russian zoologist
- Edward Palmer (1829–1911), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Josif Pancic (1814–1888), Serbian botanist
- Paracelsus (1493–1541), German alchemist
- Louis Pasteur (1822–1895), French biochemist
- William Paterson (1755–1810), عالم نبات بريطاني and explorer
- Colin Patterson (1933,1998), British palaeontologist
- Robert Patterson (1802–1872) Irish naturalist
- Andrew Paulukiewichz (born 1958) Modern Polish biologist
- Daniel Pauly, biologist
- Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered conditioning, won the Nobel Prize for his research on the digestive system
- Titian Peale (1799–1885), American naturalist
- Donald C. Peattie (1898–1964), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Jean-Marie Pelt (born 1933), French botanist
- Henri Perrier de la Bâthie (1873–1958), French botanist
- George Perry (naturalist), 19th century English naturalist
- Christian Hendrik Persoon (1761–1836), biologist
- Paul Petard (1912–1980), French botanist
- Wilhelm Peters (1815–1883), German naturalist
- Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, German physician, botanist and conchologist
- Rodolfo Amando Philippi (1808–1904), German-Chilean zoologist
- Constantine John Phipps (1744–1792), English explorer
- David Andrew Phoenix, (born 1966), Biochemist
- Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1860–?), English entomologist
- Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1828–1917), English entomologist, uncle of above
- Charles Pickering (1805–1878), American naturalist
- Cándido Bolívar Pieltain (1897–1976), Spanish naturalist
- Henry Augustus Pilsbry (1862–1957), American zoologist, malacologist
- Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903–1967), عالم أحياء أمريكي and co-inventor of the contraceptive pill
- Ronald Plasterk, (born 1957), Dutch molecular biologist, columnist and politician
- Pliny the Elder (23–79), Roman natural philosopher
- Reginald Innes Pocock (1863–1947), British taxonomist (mammals and arachnids)
- Felipe Poey (1799–1891), Cuban zoologist
- Joel Roberts Poinsett (1779–1851), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Giuseppe Saverio Poli (1746-1825) was an Italian physicist, biologist and natural historian
- Winston Ponder, an Australian malacologist
- L. Henry Potter (1891-1986) American naturalist
- Arthur William Baden Powell (1901–1987), New Zealand malacologist and paleontologist
- Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford (1833–1896), English ornithologist
- Karel Presl (1794–1852), Bohemian botanist
- Alice Pruvot-Fol (1873–1972), French malacologist
- Jan Evangelista Purkyně (1787–1869), Czech anatomist and physiologist
- Frederick Traugott Pursh (1774–1820), German-عالم نبات أمريكي
- Paul Émile de Puydt (1810–1888) Belgian botanist
- Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839–1888), Russian explorer
Q
- Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Bréau (1810–1892), French naturalist
- Jean René Constant Quoy (1790–1869), French zoologist
R
- Gustav Radde (1831–1903), German naturalist
- Thomas Stamford Raffles (1781–1826), British founder/first president of the Zoological Society of London
- Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840), French naturalist who described many North American species
- Émile Louis Ragonot (1843-1895), French entomologist
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate. Considered the father of neuroscience.
- Edward Pierson Ramsay (1842–1916), Australian ornithologist
- Austin L. Rand (1905–1982), Canadian zoologist
- Suresh Rattan (born 1955), Indian biogerontologist
- John Ray (1627–1705), English naturalist
- Mihai Ravarut (1907-1981),Romanian botanist
- Francesco Redi (1626–1697), طبيب إيطالي known for his experiment in 1668 which is regarded as a one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis
- Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814-1865), an English conchologist
- Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (1823–1889), German orchidologist (abbr. in botany : Rchb. f.)
- Ludwig Reichenbach (1793–1879), عالم نبات ألماني and ornithologist (abbr. in botany : Rchb.)
- Anton Reichenow (1847–1941), German ornithologist
- Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (1773–1854), Dutch botanist
- Bernhard Rensch (1900–1990), عالم أحياء ألماني
- Ralf Reski (*1958), German botanist and biotechnologist, developed Physcomitrella as model organism
- Achille Richard (1794-1852), French botanist (abbr. in botany: A. Rich)
- Louis Claude Richard (1754–1821), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Rich.)
- John Richardson (1787–1865), Scottish naturalist (abbr. in botany : Richardson)
- Charles Robert Richet (1850–1935), French physiologist, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of anaphylaxis
- Charles Wallace Richmond (1868–1932), American ornithologist
- Robert Ridgway (1850–1929), American ornithologist
- Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956), عالم نبات بريطاني (abbr. in botany : Ridl.)
- Austin Roberts (1883–1948), South African zoologist
- Harold E. Robinson (born 1932), عالم نبات أمريكي and entomologist
- Maurício Rocha e Silva (1910–1983), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist, codiscoverer of bradykinin
- Martin Rodbell (1925–1998), biologist
- Peter Friedrich Röding (1767-1846), German malacologist
- George Romanes (1848–1894), Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of comparative psychology
- Alfred Romer (1894–1973), specialist in vertebrate paleontology
- Robert Rosen (1934–1998), theoretical biologist
- Joel Rosenbaum, cell biologist at Yale University
- Harald Rosenthal (born 1937) German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming and ecology
- Lynn J. Rothschild, American evolutionary biologist
- Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005), British entomologist
- Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (1868–1937), عالم حيوان بريطاني
- William Roxburgh (1759–1815), Scottish botanist
- Adriaan van Royen (1704–1779), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Royen)
- David van Royen (1727–1799), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : D.Royen)
- Karl Rudolphi (1771–1832), German physiologist
- Eduard Rüppell (1794–1884), German naturalist
S
Sa-So
- Joseph Sabine (1770–1837), English naturalist
- Julius von Sachs (1832–1897), عالم نبات ألماني
- Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844), French naturalist
- Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1805–1861), French zoologist
- Carl Ulisses von Salis-Marschlins (1762-1818), Swiss naturalist interested in botany, entomology, and conchology
- Edward James Salisbury (1886–1978), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829), عالم نبات بريطاني
- Jonas Salk (1914–1995), عالم أحياء أمريكي, inventor of polio vaccine
- Robert Sapolsky (born 1957), American neuroscientist
- Georg Sars (1837–1927), Norwegian marine biologist
- Michael Sars (1809–1869), Norwegian taxonomist
- William Saunders (1822–1900), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (1740–1799), Swiss naturalist
- Marie Jules César Savigny (1777–1851), French zoologist
- توماس ساي (1787–1843), American naturalist
- George Schaller (born 1933), American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field biologist of the 20th century
- Friedrich Schlechter (1872–1925), عالم نبات ألماني
- Hermann Schlegel (1804–1884), German ornithologist
- Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804–1881), German co-founder of the cell theory
- George Schoener (1864–1941), German-عالم نبات أمريكي
- Johann David Schoepf (1752–1800), عالم نبات ألماني and zoologist
- Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (1794–1865), عالم نبات ألماني
- Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (1739–1810), German naturalist
- Leopold von Schrenck (1826–1894), Russo-عالم حيوان ألماني
- Charles Schuchert (1858–1942), paleontology
- Theodor Schwann (1810–1882), German physiologist
- Georg August Schweinfurth (1836–1925), عالم نبات ألماني
- Philip Sclater (1829–1913), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723–1788), Italian-Austrian naturalist
- Henry Seebohm (1832–1895), English ornithologist
- Prideaux John Selby (1788–1867), عالم نبات إنجليزي and ornithologist
- Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov (1827–1885), Russian naturalist
- Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847–1909), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- George Shaw (1751–1813), عالم نبات وحيوان إنجليزي
- Rupert Sheldrake (born 1942), biologist
- George Ernest Shelley (1840–1910), English ornithologist
- Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1922), British physiologist and neuroscientist, winner of the 1932 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his research on neurons
- Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796–1866), عالم نبات ألماني
- George Gaylord Simpson (1902–1984), American paleontologist
- Rolf Singer (1906–1994), German born mycologist
- John Kunkel Small (1869–1938), عالم نبات أمريكي (abbr. in botany : Small)
- Andrew Smith (1797–1872), Scottish zoologist
- Edgar Albert Smith (1847-1916), a عالم حيوان بريطاني
- Frederick Smith (1805–1879), British entomologist
- James Edward Smith (1759–1828), عالم نبات إنجليزي (abbr. in bot. : Sm.)
- Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867–1947), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : J.J.Sm.)
- James Leonard Brierley Smith (1897 – 1968), South African ichthyologist
- John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), biologist
- John Otterbein Snyder (1867-1943), an American zoologist
- Solomon H. Snyder (born 1938), American neuroscientist, co-discovered endorphins
- Daniel Solander (1733–1782), Swedish botanist
- Louis François Auguste Souleyet (1811–1852), French zoologist
Sp-Sy
- Douglas Spalding (c1840–1877), English biologist, discovered imprinting and conducted some of the earliest research on animal behavior
- Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799), Italian biologist
- Anders Sparrman (1748–1820), Swedish naturalist
- Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929), English biologist and anthropologist
- Roger W. Sperry (1913–1994), American neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his split-brain research
- Maximilian Spinola (1780–1857) - entomologist
- Johann Baptist von Spix (1781–1826), German naturalist
- Herman Spoering (1733–1771), Finnish botanist
- Kurt Sprengel (1766–1833), عالم نبات ألماني
- Stewart Springer (1906–1991), American ichthyologist noted for expertise in shark classification, behavior, and distribution of species
- Richard Spruce (1817–1893), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Agustin Stahl (1842–1917), Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist
- Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (1775–1851), English naturalist
- Japetus Steenstrup (1813–1897), Danish zoologist
- Franz Steindachner (1834-1919), an Austrian zoologist
- Leonhard Hess Stejneger (1851–1943), Norwegian zoologist
- Georg Wilhelm Steller (1709–1746), Russian ornithologist
- James Francis Stephens (1792–1853), عالم حيوان إنجليزي
- Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (1761–1838), Bohemian botanist
- كارل ستتر (born 1941), German microbiologist
- Nettie Maria Stevens (1861–1912), عالم أحياء أمريكي
- Gerald Stokell (1890-1972), New Zealand horticulturist and ichthyologist
- Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (1749–1821), German naturalist
- إدوارد ستراسبورگر (1844–1912), عالم نبات ألماني (abbr. في فهم النبات : Strasb.)
- Erwin Stresemann (1889–1972), German ornithologist
- John Struthers (1823–1899) Scottish anatomist
- Samuel Stutchbury (1798-1859), an English naturalist and geologist
- Carl Jakob Sundevall (1801–1875), Swedish zoologist
- Mriganka Sur (born 1953), Indian cognitive neuroscientist specializing in neuroplasticity
- Henry Suter, New Zealand zoologist, naturalist and palaeontologist
- William John Swainson (1789-1855), English ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist, entomologist and artist
- جان سوامردام (1637–1680), Dutch biologist and microscopist
- اولوف سوارتس (1760–1816), Swedish botanist (bot. abbr. : Sw.)
- Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), English naturalist
- Colonel W. H. Sykes (1790–1872), English ornithologist
T
- Wladyslaw Taczanowski (1819–1890), Polish zoologist
- Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), Russian botanist
- Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (1754–1803), Swedish naturalist
- Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858), Dutch zoologist
- Theophrastus (372 BC–287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the Peripatetic school, popularizer of science
- Johannes Thiele (1860–1935), عالم حيوان ألماني and malacologist
- Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (1858–1929), عالم حيوان بريطاني
- Stewart Thomas (1946-), American zoologist
- William Thompson (1805-1852) Irish ornithologist and naturalist
- Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (1758–1831) French botanist
- Carl Peter Thunberg (1743–1828), Swedish naturalist
- Samuel Tickell (1811–1875), British ornithologist
- نيكوتنرگن (1907–1988), Dutch ethologist
- Agostino Todaro (1818–1892), Italian botanist
- Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for ""discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity."
- John Torrey (1796–1873), عالم نبات أمريكي, first professional in New World
- Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), French botanist
- John Kirk Townsend (1809–1851), American ornithologist
- Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), Scottish doctor and naturalist
- Abraham Trembley (1710–1784), Swiss naturalist
- Melchior Treub (1851–1910), Dutch botanist
- Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906), English ornithologist
- Robert Trivers (born 1943), evolutionary biologist
- Édouard Louis Trouessart (1842–1927), French naturalist
- Frederick W. True (1858–1914), US naturalist
- George Washington Tryon Jr. (1838-1888), US malacologist
- برنارد تكر (1901–1950), English ornithologist
- إدوارد تكرمان (1817–1886), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Endel Tulving (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in episodic memory
- Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–1790), English ornithologist
- Eugenie Turenschi (born 1922), Romanian Botany Professor
- روث ترنر (1915–2000), marine biologist
- William Turton (1762-1835), British naturalist
- Farhang Torki (born 1980), Iranian Ecologist
U
- Jakob von Uexküll (1864–1944), Estonian biologist, founder of biosemiotics
V
- Martin Vahl (1749–1804), Norwegian botanist
- Sebastien Vaillant (1669–1722), French botanist
- Achille Valenciennes (1794–1865), French zoologist
- Francisco Varela (1946–2001) Chilean biologist
- Nikolai Vavilov (1887–1943), Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism
- Damodaran M. Vasudevan (born 1942), Indian physician, immunologist and educationist
- Craig Venter (born 1946), عالم أحياء أمريكي and businessman
- Edouard Verreaux (1810–1868), French naturalist
- Jules Verreaux (1807–1873) French botanist and ornithologist
- Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (1748–1831), French ornithologist
- Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785–1840), Irish zoologist
- Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), عالم أحياء ألماني and pathologist, founder of cell theory
- Oswaldo Vital Brazil (1865–1950), Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several antivenoms against snake, scorpion and spider bites
- Karel Voous (1920–2002), Dutch ornithologist
- Hugo de Vries (1848–1935), Dutch botanist
W
- Frans de Waal (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist
- Coslett Herbert Waddell (1858–1919), Irish botanist
- Johann Georg Wagler (1800–1832), German herpetologist
- Warren H. Wagner (1920–2000), عالم نبات أمريكي
- Göran Wahlenberg (1780–1851), Swedish naturalist
- Barry Wakeman (1939–2004), American naturalist
- Selman Waksman (1888–1973), American biochemist, winner of the 1952 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on antibiotics
- Charles Athanase Walckenaer (1771–1852), French entomologist
- George Wald (1906–1997), عالم أحياء أمريكي, winner of the 1967 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his work on vision
- Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), British naturalist and biologist
- Nathaniel Wallich (1786–1854), Danish botanist
- Benjamin Dann Walsh (1808–1869), American entomologist
- William Grey Walter (1910–1977), American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography
- Deepal Warakagoda (born 1965), Sri Lankan ornithologist
- J. Robin Warren (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain of bacteria
- Charles Waterton (1782–1865), English naturalist
- James D. Watson (born 1928), Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule
- Philip Barker Webb (1793–1854), عالم نبات إنجليزي (abbr. in botany : Webb)
- Hugh Algernon Weddell (1819–1877), عالم نبات إنجليزي (abbr. in botany : Wedd.)
- Robert Weinberg Cancer Biologist
- August Weismann (1834–1914), عالم أحياء ألماني
- Friedrich Welwitsch (1806–1872), Austrian botanist
- Karl Wernicke (1848–1905), German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered Wernicke's area
- Victor Westhoff (1916–2001), Dutch botanist
- Alexander Wetmore (1886–1978), American ornithologist
- William Morton Wheeler (1865–1937), American entomologist and myrmecologist
- Gilbert White (1720–1795), English naturalist
- John White (c. 1756–1832) عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (1782–1867), German explorer & biologist.
- Hans Wiehler (1930–2003) عالم نبات أمريكي (bot. abbr.: Wiehler)
- Torsten Wiesel (born 1924), Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981 جائزة نوبل في الفيزيولوجيا أوالطب for his research on information processing in the visual system
- Charles Wilkes (1798–1877), American explorer and naturalist
- Carl Ludwig Willdenow (1765–1812), عالم نبات ألماني and pharmacist (abbr. in botany: Willd.)
- George C. Williams (born 1926), American evolutionary biologist, credited with introducing the gene-centric view of evolution
- Francis Willughby (1635–1672), English ornithologist & ichthyologist
- Alexander Wilson (1766–1813), Scottish-American ornithologist
- E. A. Wilson (1872–1912), English naturalist
- Edward O. Wilson (born 1929), American entomologist and father of sociobiology, two time winner of the Pulitzer Prize
- Caspar Wistar (1761–1818), American anatomist and physician. The genus Wisteria is named after him
- Henry Witherby (1873–1943), British ornithologist
- William Withering (1741–1799), عالم نبات إنجليزي
- Carl Woese (born 1928), American microbiologist, identified the Archaea, a major division of organisms
- Flossie Wong-Staal (born 1947), American virologist
- Sewall Wright (1889–1988), American geneticist, co-founder of population genetics
- V. C. Wynne-Edwards (1906–1997), Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis of group selection in evolution
- Charles Wyville Thompson (1832–1882) Scottish marine biologist
X
- جون زانتوس ده ڤسي (1825–1894)، عالم حيوان أمريكي
Y
- وليام يارل (1784–1856), English naturalist
Z
- Floyd Zaiger (born 1926), fruit genetics
- Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (1743–1815), عالم حيوان ألماني
- Karl Alfred von Zittel (1839–1904), German palaeontologist
- Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848), عالم نبات ألماني