صافو(شاعرة)
صافو Sappho (
//; Attic Greek Σαπφώ [sapːʰɔː], Aeolic Greek Ψάπφω [psapːʰɔː])، هي شاعرة يونانية قديمة، ولدت في جزيرة لسبوس. في بحر إيجة باليونان بين عامي 630-612 قبل الميلاد وتوفيت عام 570 قبل الميلاد.
حياتها
تزوجت برجل وولدت له طفلة، ولكنها فشلت في الحياة الزوجية مع زوجها حيث أصيب بالعجز الجنسي، فلم يقدر حتى يشبع غريزتها، ولم تقدر هي الأخرى على كبت الغريزة فنفرت من الرجال واتجهت نحوبنات جنسها من العذارى فمارست معهن السحاق حتى عشقته وألفته معهن واستغنت به عن الرجال. وفي آخر حياتها رحلت إلى صقلية وماتت هناك وأُحرقت ونقل رمادها إلى بلدها، كما خُلد اسمها برسم صورتها على الآنية والنقود.
أمالها
وخلفت مجموعة قصائد شعرية في تسعة دواوين تضم(120) ألف بيت من الشعر ويهجرز شعرها علي مدح السحاق، ووصفه والشوق إليه، وكيف كانت تمارسه مع عشيقتها المفضلة (آتيس).
نسخ مخطة الإسكندرية
- Book I, poems composed in the Sapphic stanza, 330 stanzas in all (Fragments 1–42);
- Book II, poems composed in glyconic lines with dactylic expansion (Frr. 43–52);
- Book III, poems in Greater Asclepiad distichs (Frr. 53–57);
- Book IV, poems in distichs of a somewhat similar meter (Frr. 58–91);
- Book V, probably consisting of poems in various three-line stanzas (Frr. 92–101);
- Book VI (contents unknown);
- Book VII (only two surviving lines in the same meter, Fr. 102);
- Book VIII (see Fr. 103);
- Book IX, epithalamia in other meters, including dactylic hexameter (Frr. 104–117).
Not every surviving fragment can be assigned to a book (Frr. 118–213 are unassigned), and other meters are represented in the fragments.
قصائد متاحة
The surviving proportion of the nine-volume corpus of poetry read in antiquity is small but still constitutes a poetic corpus of major importance. There is a single complete poem, Fragment 1, the Hymn to Aphrodite, quoted in its entirety as a model of the "polished and exuberant" style of composition by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, with admiration of its consummate artistry:
| ” | Here the euphonious effect and the grace of the language arise from the coherence and smoothness of the junctures. The words nestle close to one another and are woven together according to certain affinities and natural attractions of the letters. | “ |
Other major fragments include three virtually-complete poems (in the standard numeration, fragments 16, 31, and the recently supplemented 58).
ترجمات حديثة
انظر أيضاً
- أدب يوناني قديم
- Papyrus Oxyrhynchusسبعة - fragment of Sappho's poem
هوامش
- ^ , translation, and notes
- ^ De compositione verborum 23, trans. W. Rhys Roberts, Loeb Classical Library, 1910.
المصادر
- Barnard, Mary (transl.), Sappho: A New Translation, University of California Press; Reissue edition (June 1986) ISBN 0-520-22312-8
- Campbell, D. A. (ed.) (1982). Greek Lyric 1: Sappho and Alcaeus (Loeb Classical Library No. 142). Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. ISBN .CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) Contains complete Greek text of all poems and fragments (except for some very fragmentary papyri), plus all testimonia (references to Sappho by ancient authors), that were known as of the book's publication date, with literal English prose translations.
- Carson, Anne (transl.), If Not, Winter: Fragments of Sappho, Knopf (2002) ISBN 0-375-41067-8; also Virago Press, UK, ISBN 1-84408-081-1 (A modern bilingual edition for general readers as well as students of ancient Greek languages; review)
- DuBois, Page, Sappho Is Burning, University of Chicago Press (1995) ISBN 0-226-16755-0
- Lidov, Joel, "Sappho, Herodotus and the Hetaira", in Classical Philology, July 2002, pp. 203–237.
- Lobel, E. and D. L. Page (eds.), Poetarum Lesbiorum fragmenta, Oxford, Clarendon Press, (1955).
- Page, D. L., Sappho and Alcaeus, Oxford, Clarendon Press, (1955).
- Reynolds, M. The Sappho Companion, New York, Palgrave (2002).
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons:خطأ لوا في وحدة:WikidataIB على السطر 496: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|خطأ لوا في وحدة:WikidataIB على السطر 496: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).]]. |
- Texts and translations
- The Divine Sappho (Greek texts and several translations, with essays and criticism)
- aoidoi.org (Greek texts with commentary by William Annis)
- The Poems of Sappho, trans. E.M. Cox (1925 translation with Greek text and transliteration)
- The sound of Sappho? (MP3 audio of five fragments in Greek)
- Greek and Roman love poetry, BBC Radio 4, In Our Time, 26 April 2007
- SORGLL: Sappho 1; read by Stephen Daitz
- Sappho and the World of Lesbian Poetry, by William Harris, Prof. Em. of Classics, Middlebury College
- Reading Sappho, by Ellen Greene, UC Press
