تشميس
Annual mean insolation, at the top of Earth's atmosphere (top) and at the planet's surface.
US annual average solar energy received by a latitude tilt photovoltaic cell (modeled).
Average insolation in Europe.
التشميس Insolation أوالإشماس مصطلح يشير الى كمية الطاقة الشمسية التى يتلقاها سطح من السطوح.
اثر الإسقاط
Past and future of daily average insolation at top of the atmosphere on the day of the summer solstice, at 65 N latitude. The green curve is with eccentricity e hypothetically set to 0. The red curve uses the actual (predicted) value of e. Blue dot is current conditions, at 2 ky A.D.
تشمس الأرض
توزيع تشمس في الجزء العلوي من الغلاف الجوي
Spherical triangle for application of the spherical law of cosines for the calculation the solar zenith angle Θ for observer at latitude φ and longitude λ from knowledge of the hour angle h and solar declination δ. (δ is latitude of subolar point, and h is relative longitude of subsolar point).
, the theoretical daily-average insolation at the top of the atmosphere. The calculation assumed conditions appropriate for 2000 A.D.: a solar constant of S0=1367 W m-2, obliquity of ε=23.4398°, longitude of perihelion of ϖ=282.895°, eccentricity e=.016704. Contour labels (green) are in units of W m-2.
تطبيقات
| معامل التحويل (اضرب الصف الأعلى بالمعامل لتحصل على العمود الجانبي) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W/م² | kW·h/(م²·يوم) | ساعة مشمسة/يوم | kWh/(م²·y) | kWh/(kWp·y) | |
| W/م² | 1 | 41.66666 | 41.66666 | 0.1140796 | 0.1521061 |
| kW·h/(م²·يوم) | 0.024 | 1 | 1 | 0.0027379 | 0.0036505 |
| ساعة مشمسة/يوم | 0.024 | 1 | 1 | 0.0027379 | 0.0036505 |
| kWh/(م²·y) | 8.765813 | 365.2422 | 365.2422 | 1 | 1.333333 |
| kWh/(kWp·y) | 6.574360 | 273.9316 | 273.9316 | 0.75 | 1 |
أنظر أيضا
- Albedo
- Flux
- Power density
- Sunlight
- Sun chart
المصادر
- مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار الفهم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار الفهم للملايين.
وصلات خارجية
Look up insolation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- National Science Digital Library - Insolation
- San Francisco Solar Map
- Insolation map of Europe and Africa
- Yesterday‘s Australian Solar Radiation Map
- Net surface fluxes of solar radiation including interannual variability
- Net surface solar radiation
- Maps of Solar Radiation
- Solar Radiation using Google Maps
- Sample Calculations based on US Insolation Map
