معركة ترنتون
The Battle of Trenton was a small but pivotal battle during the الحرب الثورية الأمريكية which took place on the morning of December 26, 1776, in Trenton, New Jersey. After General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton the previous night, Washington led the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian soldiers garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, nearly the entire Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans. The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired re-enlistments.
The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to Pennsylvania. Morale in the army was low; to end the year on a positive note, George Washington—Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army—devised a plan to cross the Delaware River on the night of December 25–26 and surround the Hessian garrison.
Because the river was icy and the weather severe, the crossing proved dangerous. Two detachments were unable to cross the river, leaving Washington with only 2,400 men under his command in the assault. The army marchedتسعة ميلs (14 kم) south to Trenton. The Hessians had lowered their guard, thinking they were safe from the American army, and had no long-distance outposts or patrols. Washington's forces caught them off guard and, after a short but fierce resistance, most of the Hessians surrendered. Almost two thirds of the 1,500-man garrison was captured, and only a few troops escaped across Assunpink Creek.
Despite the battle's small numbers, the American victory inspired rebels in the colonies. With the success of the revolution in doubt a week earlier, the army had seemed on the verge of collapse. The dramatic victory inspired soldiers to serve longer and attracted new recruits to the ranks.
تمهيد
استطلاع
الخطة الأمريكية
التحركات الهسية
العبور والتقدم
المعركة
الهجوم الأمريكي
الخسائر والاستيلاء
Aftermath and legacy
انظر أيضاً
- List of American Revolutionary War battles
- New Jersey during the American Revolution
- Second Battle of Trenton
- Battle of Princeton
- Battle of Yorktown
- Battle of Saratoga
- Battle of Bennington
الهامش
- ^ Fischer p.254
- ^ Fischer p.404
- ^ Fischer p.406
- ^ Fischer p.254—Casualty numbers vary slightly with the Hessian forces, usually between 21–23 killed, 80–95 wounded and 890–920 captured, but it is generally agreed that the casualties were in this area.
المراجع
- Brooks, Victor (1999). How America Fought Its Wars. New York: De Capo Press. ISBN .
- Burt, Daniel S. (2001). The Biography Book. New York: Oryx Press. ISBN .
- Elson, William Henry (1908). . Macmillan.
- Ferling, John (2007). Almost a Miracle. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Fischer, David Hackett (2006). Washington's Crossing. Oxford University Press. ISBN .
- Ketchum, Richard (1999). The Winter Soldiers: The Battles for Trenton and Princeton. Holt Paperbacks; 1st Owl books ed edition. ISBN .
- Lengel, Edward (2005). . New York: Random House Paperbacks. ISBN .
- McCullough, David (2006). . New York: Simon and Schuster Paperback. ISBN .
- Mitchell, Craig (2003). . Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN .
- Rosenfeld, Lucy (2007). George Washington's New Jersey. Rutgers. ISBN .
- Savas, Theodore (2003). . Savas Beatie. ISBN .
- Sawicki, James A. (1981). Infantry Regiments of the US Army. Dumfries, VA: Wyvern Publications. ISBN .
- Scheer, George (1987). . Da Capo Press. ISBN .
- Stanhope, Phillip Henry (1854). History of England: From the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles. GB, Murray.
- Wiederholdt, Andreas (2015) [1862]. M.D. Learned and C. Grosse (eds.). Tagebuch des Capt. Wiederholdt vomسبعة Oktober bisسبعة December 1780. The University of Michigan Library: The MacMillan Co, New York.CS1 maint: uses editors parameter (link)
- Wood, W.J. Henry (2003). . Da Capo Press. ISBN .
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Battle of Trenton. |
- "The Two Battles of Trenton". The Trenton Historical Society.
- "The Winter Patriots: The Trenton-Princeton Campaign of 1776-1777". George Washington's Mount Vernon.
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