وانگ مانگ
| وانگ مانگ | |
|---|---|
| امبراطور أسرة شين | |
| الحكم | 9–23 |
| سبقه | لا أحد، روزي يينگ كإمبراطور أسرة هان الغربية |
| تبعه | إلغاء الأسرة الحاكمة، الامبراطور گنگ‌شي كإمبراطور أسرة شوان هان |
| الزوج |
الامبراطورة وانگ الامبراطورة شي Zhenzhi, concubine Huaineng, concubine Kaiming, concubine |
| الأنجال | Wang Yu (王宇) Wang Hue (王獲) Wang An, Prince of Xinqian (王安) Wang Lin, Prince of Tongyiyang (王臨) Wang Xing, Duke of Gongxiu (王興) Wang Kuang, Duke of Gongjian (王匡) Lady Wang, Empress Xiaoping of Han (孝平皇后) Wang Jie, Lady of Mudai (王捷) Lady Wang, Lady of Muxiu |
| العهد ومدته | |
| Shi-jian-guo 始建國 (9–13) Tian-feng 天鳳 (14–19) Di-huang 地皇 (20–23) | |
| الاسم بعد الوفاة | |
| لا يوجد | |
| اسم المعبد | |
| لا يوجد | |
| أسرة حاكمة | أسرة شين |
| الأب | وانگ مان (王曼) |
| الأم | چو(渠) |
| وُلِد | 45 ق.م. |
| توفي | 6 أكتوبر 23 (عن عمر 68) |
| وانگ مانگ | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| بالصينية | 王莽 | ||||||||||||||||||
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- هذا هواسم صيني; لقب العائلة هووانگ.
وانگ مانگ (بالصينية: 王莽؛ بالإنگليزية: Wang Mang؛ ح. 45 ق.م. –ستة أكتوبر 23م)، اسم التبجيل جوجون (巨君)، كان مسئول في أسرة هان استولى على العرش من أسرة ليووأسس أسرة شين (تعني: "متجدد") Dynasty (新朝), ruling 9–23 AD. The Han dynasty was restored after his overthrow, and his rule marks the separation between the Western Han Dynasty (before Xin) and Eastern Han Dynasty (after Xin). Some historians have traditionally viewed Wang as a usurper, while others have portrayed him as a visionary and selfless social reformer. Though a learned Confucian scholar who sought to implement the harmonious society he saw in the classics, his efforts ended in chaos.
وفي أكتوبر سنة 23م، هوجمت العاصمة چانگ‌آن ونُهِب القصر الامبراطوري. ولقي وانگ مانگ مصرعه في المعركة.
وأعيد تأسيس أسرة هان في 25م حين ارتقى ليوشيو(الامبراطور گوانگ‌وو) العرش.
النشأة وبداية حياته العملية
وانگ مانگ was the son of Wang Man (王曼), the younger brother of Empress Wang Zhengjun, and his wife Qu (渠, family name unknown), born in 45 BC. Wang Man died early, while وانگ مانگ was young, before Emperor Cheng took the throne and his mother Empress Wang became empress dowager. Unlike most of his brothers, Wang Man did not have the opportunity to become a marquess. Empress Wang took pity on his family, and after she herself was widowed, had Qu moved to the imperial palace to live with her.
عهده المبكر: أخطاء
السياسات الاقتصادية
تدهور العلاقات مع شيونگ‌نووتوابع آخرىن
مشاكل مع شيونگ‌نو
مشاكل مع القبائل الجنوبية الغربية
مشاكل مع ممالك شي‌يو
شلل وفساد الحكم
العهد الأوسط: تمردات زراعية
أواخر حكمه
الثورات الزراعية
ثورة ليوتندمج مع ثورة لولين الزراعية
مُطالب حديث بالعرش الامبراطوري
معركة كون‌يانگ
فتح العواصم
أسباب فشل وانگ مانگ
معلومات شخصية
- الأب
- وانگ مانگ (王曼), the early-deceased brother of Empress Wang Zhengjun, second son of Wang Jin, Marquess of Yangping and his wife Li Qin
- الأم
- Qu (渠)
- Wives
- Empress Wang (created 9, d. 21), mother of Wang Yu, Wang Huo, Wang An, Wang Lin, and Princess Huanghuang
- Empress Shi (created 23)
- Major concubines
- Zhenzhi (增秩), originally a female servant, family name unknown, mother of Wang Kuang
- Huaineng (懷能), originally a female servant, family name unknown, mother of Wang Xin and a daughter of Wang's (her name is not part of Unicode and therefore unavailable online)
- Kaiming (開明), originally a female servant, family name unknown, mother of Wang Jie
- Children
- Wang Yu (王宇) (d. 2), opposed Wang Mang and was thus killed along with his wife Lü Yan and Lü Kuan brother of Lü Yan
- Yu had six sons named Wang Qian, Wang Shou, Wang Ji, Wang Zong, Wang Shi and Wang Li (王千、王寿、王吉、王宗、王世、王利). Wang Zong, born Wang Huizong (王會宗), would succeed Wang Mang as Marquess of Xindu, but when his conspiracy against Wang Mang was discovered, he committed suicide in 8.
- Wang Huo (王獲) (d. 5 BC), forced to commit suicide by Wang Mang
- Wang An (王安), initially created the Lord of Xinjia (created 9), then the Prince of Xinqian (created 20) (d. 21)
- Wang Lin (王臨), initially created the Crown Prince (created 9), then the Prince of Tongyiyang (created 20) (b. 9 BC, d. 21), forced to commit suicide by Wang Mang
- Wang Xing (王興), the Duke of Gongxiu (功修) (created 21)
- Wang Kuang (王匡), the Duke of Gongjian (功建) (created 21)
- Princess Huanghuang (Empress Xiaoping of Han) (created 10), initially created the Duchess Dowager of Ding'an (created 9) (d. 23)
- Wang Jie (王捷), the Lady of Mudai (created 21)
- A daughter by Huaineng (her name is not part of Unicode and therefore unavailable online), the Lady of Muxiu (created 21)
- Wang Yu (王宇) (d. 2), opposed Wang Mang and was thus killed along with his wife Lü Yan and Lü Kuan brother of Lü Yan
| الاسم الشخصي | فترة الحكم | أسماء عهوده (年號) وسنواتهم |
|---|---|---|
| وانگ مانگ | 9–23 |
Shijianguo (始建國 shi3 jian4 guo1, "The beginning of a nation's establishment") 9–13 |
وانگ مانگ في الثقافة الشعبية
وانگ مانگ is a character in the 2011 historical fantasy novel, The Ghosts of Watt O'Hugh, where he is treated admiringly and heroically. He was "the one for whom we'd been waiting," one character says of Wang Mang, after his death, "the one for whom we still wait."
المراجع
الهامش
- ^ Early Chinese dynasties were typically named after the fief of their founding dynast, and this reading is consistent with Wang Mang's pre-imperial position as Marquess of Xin. In 1950, C.B. Sargent suggested that the name of the dynasty should be read as meaning "new", which J.J.L. Duyvendak rejected out of hand. Chauncey S. Goodrich later convincingly argued that it may be possible to assign a semantic reading to xin, but that it ought to be read as renewed or renewal, not simply new. See Goodrich, Chauncey S. (July 1957). "The Reign of Wang Mang: Hsin or New?". Oriens. Leiden: Brill. 10 (1): 114–8. doi:10.2307/1578760.
أعمال مذكورة
- Steven S. Drachman, "The Ghosts of Watt O'Hugh", Chickadee Prince Books, 2011. ISBN 978-0-578-08590-6.
- Loewe, Michael. "Wang Mang 王莽 (2)". A Biographical Dictionary of the Qin, Former Han and Xin Periods (221 BC – AD 24). Leiden: Brill. pp. 536–45.
- Rudi Thomsen, Ambition and confucianism : a biography of Wang Mang, Aarhus University Press, 1988. ISBN 87-7288-155-0.
- Yap, Joseph P. "Wars With The Xiongnu, A Translation From Zizhi tongjian" Chapters 13–17, AuthorHouse (2009) ISBN 978-1-4490-0604-4
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امبراطور أسرة شين
بيت وانگ
وُلِد: 45 ق.م. توفي:ستة أكتوبر 23
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| ألقاب ملكية | ||
|---|---|---|
| سبقه Emperor Ruzi of Han |
امبراطور الصين أسرة شين 9–23 |
تبعه Emperor Gengshi of Han |
