أورل ستاين
أورل ستاين Aurel Stein | |
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ستاين في آسيا الوسطى (فبراير 1929) | |
ولدَ في | 26 نوفمبر 1862 بوداپست |
توفي في | 26 اكتوبر 1943 كابول، أفغانستان |
الجنسية | بريطاني |
القومية | بريطاني |
الإثنية | مجري |
مجال البحث | فهم الآثار |
التأثيرات | شوانزانگ; سڤن هدين |
السير مارك أورل ستاين Marc Aurel Stein (عادة ما يعهد بإسم أورل ستاين) KCIE، FBA (بالمجرية: Stein Márk Aurél) (26 نوفمبر 1862 - 26 اكتوبر 1943) كان عالم آثار مجري، مهتم أساساً باستكشاف آسيا الوسطى القديمة. وكان كذلك أستاذاً في مختلف الجامعات الهندية.
وُلد ستاين في بودابست بالمجر لعائلة يهودية. عمـَّده أباه، وأخاه، ليصبحا لوثريان، بينما بقي الأبوان والأخوات يهوداً، وهوتقليد كان منتشراً في وقتها لزيادة فرص نجاح الأبناء الذكور. وتلقى تعليمه في درسدن في ألمانيا، ونال الجنسية البريطانية عام 1904.
التجريدات
اللعبة الكبرى
ستاين، وكذلك منافساه سڤن هدين والسير فرانسيس ينگهزبند ونيقولاي پرژڤالسكي، كانا لاعبين نشطين في الصراع البريطاني-الروسي للنفوذ في آسيا الوسطى، والذي كان يسمى اللعبة الكبرى. بعثاتهم الاستكشافية كانت مدعومة لأنهم كانوا يستكشفون "المواقع الخاوية" حينها" على الخريطة، حتى يحضروا معلومات قيمة.
البتر الفنية التي جمعها تم تقسيمها بين المتحف البريطاني والمخطة البريطانية ومتحف سرينگر والمتحف الوطني، نيودلهي.
مات ودفن في كابول.
خطه
- 1898. Detailed Report on an Archaeological Tour with the Buner Field Force, Lahore, Punjab Government Press.
- 1900. Kalhaṇa's Rājataraṅgiṇī – A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr, 2 vols. London, A. Constable & Co. Ltd. Reprint, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass, 1979.
- , London, Hurst and Blackett, Ltd. Reprint Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, Madras, 2000 Sand-Buried Ruins of Khotan : vol.1
- 1905. Report of Archaeological Survey Work in the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan, Peshawar, Government Press, N.W. Frontier Province.
- , 2 vols. Clarendon Press. Oxford.Ancient Khotan : vol.1 Ancient Khotan : vol.2
- , 2 vols. London, Macmillan & Co. Reprint: Delhi. Low Price Publications. 1990. Ruins of Desert Cathay : vol.1 Ruins of Desert Cathay : vol.2
- 1921a. Serindia: Detailed report of explorations in Central Asia and westernmost China,خمسة vols. London & Oxford, Clarendon Press. Reprint: Delhi. Motilal Banarsidass. 1980.Serindia : vol.1 Serindia : vol.2 Serindia : vol.3 Serindia : vol.4 Serindia : vol.5
- The Thousand Buddhas : ancient Buddhist paintings from the cave-temples of Tung-huang on the western frontier of China.The Thousand Buddhas : vol.1
- 1921b “A Chinese expedition across the Pamirs and Hindukush, A.D. 747.” Indian Antiquary 1923.
- 1923 Memoir On Maps Of Chinese Turkistan
- 1923 Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu : vol.1
- 1928. Innermost Asia: Detailed Report of Explorations in Central Asia, Kan-su and Eastern Iran,خمسة vols. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Reprint: New Delhi. Cosmo Publications. 1981.Innermost Asia : vol.1 Innermost Asia : vol.2 Innermost Asia : vol.3 Innermost Asia : vol.4
- 1929. On Alexander's Track to the Indus: Personal Narrative of Explorations on the North-West Frontier of India. London, Macmillan & Co. Reprint: New York, Benjamin Blom, 1972.
- 1932 On Ancient Central Asian Tracks: Brief Narrative of Three Expeditions in Innermost Asia and Northwestern China. Reprinted with Introduction by Jeannette Mirsky. Book Faith India, Delhi. 1999.
- 1933 On Ancient Central-Asian Tracks : vol.1
- 1937 Archaeological Reconnaissances in North-Western India and South-Eastern Īrān : vol.1
- 1940 Old Routes of Western Iran: Narrative of an Archaeological Journey Carried out and Recorded, MacMillan and co., limited. St. Martin's Street, London.
- 1944. "Archaeological Notes from the Hindukush Region". , pp. 1–24 + fold-out.
A more detailed list of Stein's publications is available in Handbook to the Stein Collections in the UK, pp. 49–61.
من بين خط ستاين: رحلة آثارية في جيدروسيا (1931)؛
- الطرق القديمة في غرب إيران (1940).
الهامش
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^ Gray, Basil (19 February 1944). "Obituary, Sir Aurel Stein, K.C.I.E., F.B.A". Nature. 153: 216–217. doi:10.1038/153216a0.
SELDOM can there have been an instance of a task pursued so constantly, so indefatigably and with such zest through so long a life as by Sir Aurel Stein, who died on October 26, aged eighty. Oriental research, he acknowledged, had claimed him from his student days.
|access-date=
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(help) - ^ Mirsky, Jeannette. 1977. Sir Aurel Stein: Archaeological Explorer, pp. 3-4, 32. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Paperback edition, 1998.
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^ David Nalle (June 2000). "Book Review - Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia". Middle East Policy. Washington, USA: Blackwell Publishers. VII (3). ISSN 1061-1924. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ M. A. Stein – Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books at dsr.nii.ac.jp
- ^ http://www.pears2.lib.ohio-state.edu/FULLTEXT/TR-ENG/aurel.htm
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
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غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةWang
للاستزادة
- Baumer, Christoph. 2000. Southern Silk Road: In the Footsteps of Sir Aurel Stein and Sven Hedin. White Orchid Books. Bangkok.
- Deuel, Leo. 1965. Testaments of Time; the Search for Lost Manuscripts and Records. Knopf, New York, 1965. paperback reprint: Pelican, Baltimore, 1970.
- Falconer, John et al. 2002. Catalogue of the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest, LHAS and British Museum. ISBN 963-7451-11-0.
- Falconer, John et al. 2007. "Supplement to the Catalogue of the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Budapest, LHAS. ISBN 963-508-545-3.
- Hopkirk, Peter. 1980. Foreign Devils On The Silk Road. John Murray (Publishers). Paperback edition, University of Massachusetts Press 1984. ISBN 0-87023-435-8.
- Mirsky, Jeannette. 1977. Sir Aurel Stein: Archaeological Explorer. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Paperback edition, 1998.
- Walker, Annabel. 1999. Aurel Stein: Pioneer of the Silk Road. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-97730-2.
- Wang, Helen (ed.). 1999. Handbook to the Stein Collections in the UK. British Museum Occasional Paper 129. ISBN 0-86159-129-1.
- Wang, Helen (ed.). 2002. Sir Aurel Stein in The Times. London, Saffron Books. ISBN 1-872843-29-8.
- Wang, Helen (ed.). 2004. Sir Aurel Stein. Proceedings of the British Museum Study Day, 2002. British Museum Occasional Paper 142. ISBN 0-86159-142-9.[1]
- Whitfield, Susan. 2004. Aurel Stein On The Silk Road. Serindia Publications. ISBN 1-932476-11-3.
- Wang, Helen and Perkins, John (eds). 2008. Handbook to the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the UK. British Museum Research Publication 129 (updated and expanded edition of Handbook to the Stein Collections in the UK, 1999). ISBN 978 086159 9776.
- Meyer, Karl E.; Brysac, Shareen Blair (October 25, 1999). Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia. Basic Books. ISBN .
- Pandita, S.N. (January 1, 2004). Aurel Stein in Kashmir: Sanskrit of Mohand Marg. Om Publications. ISBN .
وصلات خارجية
- siraurelstein.org.uk A website dedicated to his life and works
- The International Dunhuang Project Website of the project to conserve, catalogue, digitise and research the artifacts found in the Dunhuang Caves
- Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books Digital versions of books by Marc Aurel Stein
- http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/avenue/xha71/Stein.htm A page about Marc Aurel Stein in Hungarian
- Aurel Stein and the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas. An exhibition of his archive photos in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2007
- Life of Aurel Stein. Web catalog in four languages. A Hong Kong exhibition of his archive photos and documents conserved in the Oriental Collection of the LHAS, 2008. Preliminary articles on the web publication: 1 and 2
- British Museum - Sir Aurel Stein at www.britishmuseum.org Sir Aurel Stein, proceedings of the British Museum study day, 23 March 2002 (online publication)
- Expedition map