جمهورية صرب البوسنة
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الجمهورية الصربية Република Српска
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الفهم
Seal
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النشيد: Моја Република مويا رپوبليكا (بالعربية: "جمهوريتي") | |
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مسقط جمهورية صرب البوسنة (أحمر) داخل البوسنة والهرسك في القارة الاوروبية.
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مسقط جمهورية صرب البوسنة في البوسنة والهرسك.1
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| العاصمة |
سراييڤو(رسمياً) Banja Luka (de facto) |
| اللغات الرسمية | Serbian, البوسنية والكرواتية |
| الحكم | نظام برلماني |
• الرئيس
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ميلوراد دوديك |
• رئيس الوزراء
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ألكسندر Džombić |
| التشكيل | |
• أُعلنت |
9 يناير 1992 |
• مُعترف به ككيان في البوسنة والهرسك
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14 ديسمبر 1995 |
| المساحة | |
• إجمالي |
24,857 kم2 (9,597 ميل2) |
• Water (%) |
N/A |
| التعداد | |
• تقدير 2010 |
1,439,673 3 |
• تعداد 1996 |
1,437,477 4 |
• Density |
579/كم2 (1,499.6/ميل2) |
| العملة | مارك قابل للتحويل (BAM) |
| منطقة التوقيت | CET (UTC+1) |
• الصيفي (DST) |
CEST (UTC+2) |
| Calling code | 387 |
| Internet TLD | rs.ba |
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دستور جمهورية صرب البوسنة يتجنب تسمية اللغات، ويسردهم كالتالي "لغة الشعب الصربي، لغة الشعب البوشناقي ولغة الشعب الكرواتي." | |
جمهورية صرب البوسنة (بالبوسنية، الكرواتية، الصربية: Republika Srpska, الكتابة الكيريلية: Република Српскa, [rɛpǔblika sr̩̂pskaː]؛ listen ) هي أحد كيانين سياسيين رئيسيين في البوسنة والهرسك، والكيان الآخر هواتحاد البوسنة والهرسك. ويُعرِّف دستور جمهورية صرب البوسنة الكيان بأنه كيان دستوري وشرعي متحد إقليمياً وغير قابل للتجزئة أوالتغريب ويؤدي باستقلال مهامه الدستورية والتطبيقية والقضائية. المجلس الوطني وحكومة جمهورية صرب البوسنة توجد في بانيا لوكا, بالرغم من حتى سراييڤوتظل العاصمة الرسمية.
التاريخ
سقط الحرب
أسفرت الحرب في البوسنة والهرسك عن تغيرات كبيرة في البلد، some of which were quantified in a 1998 report by UNESCO. In the non-Serbian region 50% of houses were damaged and 6% destroyed while the number was lower in the Serbian region, 25% damaged and 5% destroyed[][]. About half the country's population of أربعة million was displaced. In 1996 there were some 435,346 Serbian refugees from the Federation in Republika Srpska while another 197,925 had gone to Serbia. In 1991, 27% of the non-agricultural labor force had been unemployed in Bosnia and this number had increased due to the war. In 2009 the unemployment rate in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an estimated 29% according to the CIA's The World Factbook. In 1996 unemployment in Republika Srpska was at 90%.
Republika Srpska's population of Serbs had increased by 547,741[]والتطهير العرقي considerably reduced the numbers of other groups. The increasing of Serbs in the Republic is due to the influx of ethnic Serbs that were ethnically cleansed from other parts of Bosnia. The number of Croats was reduced by 135,386 (majority of prewar population), and the number of البوشناق by some 434,144. Some 136,000 of approximately 496,000 Bosniak refugees and expulsees, forced to flee the territory of what is now Republika Srpska, have returned home. As of 2008, 35% of Bosniaks and 8.5% of Croats have returned to Republika Srpska, while 24% of Serbs who left their homes in territories controlled by Bosniaks or Croats, have returned to their pre-war addresses.
التعداد
There has been no census since the end of the war. The next census was expected to occur in 2011 but has not yet been confirmed: these figures are estimates.
| السنة | الإجمالي | الذكور | الإناث | المواليد | الوفيات |
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| 1996 | 1,391,593 | 12,263 | 10,931 | ||
| 1997 | 1 409 835 | 13,757 | 11,755 | ||
| 1998 | 1,428,798 | 679,795 | 749,003 | 13,527 | 12,469 |
| 1999 | 1,448,579 | 689,186 | 759,351 | ||
| 2000 | 1,469,182 | 14,191 | 13,370 | ||
| 2000 | 1,428,899 | 695,194 | 733,705 | ||
| 2001 | 1,490,993 | 13,699 | 13,434 | ||
| 2001 | 1,447,477 | 704,197 | 743,280 | ||
| 2002 | 1,454,802 | 708,136 | 746,666 | 12,336 | 12,980 |
| 2003 | 1,452,351 | 706,925 | 745,426 | 10,537 | 12,988 |
| 2004 | 1,449,897 | 705,731 | 744,166 | 10,628 | 13,082 |
| 2005 | 1,446,417 | 704,037 | 742,380 | 10,322 | 13,802 |
| 2006 | 1,443,709 | 702,718 | 740,991 | 10,524 | 13,232 |
| 2007 | 1,439,673 | 700,754 | 738,919 | 10,110 | 14,146 |
| 2008 | 1,437,477 | 699,685 | 737,792 | 10,198 | 13,501 |
| 2009 | 1,435,179 | 698,567 | 736,612 | 10,603 | 13,775 |
| 2010 | 1,433,038 | 697,524 | 735,514 | 10,147 | 13,517 |
الهجريب العرقي
| Ethnic Composition | |||||||||||||||||||
| السنة | الصرب | % | المسلمون | % | الكروات | % | اليوغوسلاڤ | % | غيرهم | % | الأجمالي | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 869,854 | 55.4 | 440.746 | 28.1 | 144,238 | 9.2 | 75,013 | 4.8 | 39,481 | 2.5 | 1,569,332 | ||||||||
| 1996 | 96.8 | 2.2 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||||
Ethnic composition in 1961
Ethnic composition in 1981
Ethnic composition in 1991
الاقتصاد
The currency of Republika Srpska is the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (KM). A so-called "regulatory guillotine" means that it takes only a few days to register a business there, whereas in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina it often takes several months. Gross domestic product (PPP) was estimated in 2010 at about US$7,895 per capita, but growth in the particular area was measured as being the highest in Bosnia, with 6,5%.
| GDP of Republika Srpska 2006-2010. (in milions KM) | ||||
| 2006. | 2007. | 2008. | 2009. | 2010. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6,543.70 | 7,351.00 | 8,489.30 | 8,223.00 | 8,306.97 |
السياسة
العلاقات الخارجية
On 26 September 2006, Republika Srpska officials signed a "special ties agreement" with صربيا aimed at promoting economic and institutional cooperation between Serbia and the Republika Srpska (RS). The accord was signed by Serbia's President بوريس تاديتش ورئيس الوزراء Vojislav Koštunica, former RS President Dragan Čavić, and Prime Minister ميلوراد دوديك.
معرض صور
Palace of Republika Srpska, seat of the President of Republika Srpska (Banja Luka)
Monument of Petar I of Serbia in Bijeljina
Hercegovačka Gračanica (Trebinje)
View on Pale
Doboj Fortress
Bridge on the Drina River at Višegrad.
- Kozara National Park Mrakovica Memorial.jpg
Mrakovica memorial
Bileća Lake
Pliva River, one of the cleanest in Europe. (Šipovo)
World War II monument in memorial complex "Valley of the heroes", at Tjentište, Sutjeska National Park.
ملاحظات
- ^ Includes Brčko District
الهامش
- ^ "Constitution of the Republika Srpska, Official Web Site of the Office of the High Representative".
- ^ Устав републике српске [Constitution of Republika Srpska. Чланакسبعة [Article 7]. The Constitutional Court of Republika Srpska] (صربية)
- ^ "Decision on Constitutional Amendments in Republika Srpska". Office of the High Representative. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
- ^ UNESCO (1998). "Review of the education system in the Republika Srpska". Retrieved 10 January 2009.
- ^ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bk.html
- ^ http://pressrs.ba/sr/vesti/vesti_dana/story/9058/Od+pola+miliona,+u+FBiH+ostalo+50.000+Srba.html
- ^ "Written statement submitted by the Society for Threatened Peoples to the Commission of Human Rights; Sixtieth session Item 11 (d) of the provisional agenda". United Nations. 26 February 2004. p. 2.
- ^ Revidirana strategija Bosne i Hercegovine za provedbu Aneksa VII Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma. Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of Bosnia and Herzegovina. October 2008.
- ^ "Republika Srpska in Figures 2009" (PDF). Banja Luka: Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics. 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
- ^ Federation Office of Statistics (May 2008). "Population of the Federation Bosnia and Herzegovina 1996 - 2006", p.20, [1]
- ^ GMB (2008). "Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Business Environment", GLOBAL MARKET BRIEFINGS, p.10, [2]
- ^ Kampschror, Beth (15 May 2007). "Bosnian Territory Opens Doors for Business". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 17 June 2007.
- ^ http://www.irbrs.net/statistika.aspx?tab=2&god=2006&lang=lat
- ^ http://www.turizamrs.org/pocetna.php?page=579&menu_id=27&cid=44&hd=1
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Republika Srpska. |
- Government of Republika Srpska
- President of Republika Srpska
- National Assembly of Republika Srpska
- RS Institute of Statistics
- Republika Srpska ~ Moja Republika
