إعصار إستوائي
إعصار كاترينا، إعصار إستوائي جنوب أطلنطي نادر، كما شوهد من المحطة الفضائية الدولية في مارس 2004
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| أعاصير إستوائية |
| التكون والتسمية |
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التطور - البنية التسمية - القوائم الإستوائية - القائمة الكاملة |
| التأثيرات |
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التأثيرات |
| فهم المناخ والتتبع |
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الأحواض - RSMCs - TCWCs - المقاييس المراقبة - التسقط تسقط الأمطار فهم مناخ سقوط الأمطار |
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جزء من سلسلة الطبيعة: الطقس |
الإعصار الاستوائي هونظام عاصفة يتميز بمركز منخفض الضغط وعدد كبير من العواصف الرعدية التي تؤدي إلى رياح قوية وأمطار فيضانات.
البنية الطبيعية
Structure of a tropical cyclone
العين والمركز
| Size descriptions of tropical cyclones | |
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| ROCI | النوع |
| Less than 2 degrees latitude | Very small/midget |
| 2 to 3 degrees of latitude | Small |
| 3 to 6 degrees of latitude | Medium/Average |
| 6 to 8 degrees of latitude | Large |
| Over 8 degrees of latitude | Very large |
الحجم
الميكانيكا
Tropical cyclones form when the energy released by the condensation of moisture in rising air causes a positive feedback loop over warm ocean waters.
الأحواض الرئيسية ومراكز الإنذار المناظرة
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Map of the cumulative tracks of all tropical cyclones during the 1985–2005 time period. المحيط الهادي غرب خط التاريخ الدولي sees more tropical cyclones than any other basin, while there is almost no activity in the Atlantic Ocean south of the Equator.
Map of all tropical cyclone tracks from 1945 to 2006. Equal-area projection.
التكون
المرات
| Season lengths and seasonal averages | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basin | Season start | Season end | Tropical Storms (>34 knots) |
Tropical Cyclones (>63 knots) |
Category 3+ TCs (>95 knots) |
| Northwest Pacific | April | January | 26.7 | 16.9 | 8.5 |
| South Indian | November | April | 20.6 | 10.3 | 4.3 |
| Northeast Pacific | May | November | 16.3 | 9.0 | 4.1 |
| North Atlantic | June | November | 10.6 | 5.9 | 2.0 |
| Australia Southwest Pacific | November | April | 10.6 | 4.8 | 1.9 |
| North Indian | April | December | 5.4 | 2.2 | 0.4 |
العوامل
Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean—areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind—create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.
الحركة والمسار
Steering winds
Coriolis effect
Infrared image of a powerful southern hemisphere cyclone, Monica, near peak intensity, showing clockwise rotation due to the Coriolis effect
التفاعل مع the mid-latitude westerlies
Storm track of Typhoon Ioke, showing recurvature off the Japanese coast in 2006
التشتت
العوامل
Tropical Storm Franklin, an example of a strongly sheared tropical cyclone in the Atlantic Basin during 2005
التأثيرات
The aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in Gulfport, Mississippi. Katrina was the costliest tropical cyclone in world history.
الرصد والتنبؤ
الرصد
Sunset view of Hurricane Isidore's rainbands photographed at 7,000 قدم (2,100 م)
A general decrease in error trends in tropical cyclone path prediction is evident since the 1970s
التنبؤ
التصنيفات والمصطلحات والتسمية
تصنيفات الشدة
Three tropical cyclones at different stages of development. The weakest (left), demonstrates only the most basic circular shape. A stronger storm (top right) demonstrates spiral banding and increased centralization, while the strongest (lower right) has developed an eye.
أصول تعبيرات العواصف
Taipei 101 endures a typhoon in 2005
أهم الأعاصير الإستوائية
The relative sizes of Typhoon Tip, Cyclone Tracy, and the United States
أنواع أعاصير ذات علاقة
Subtropical Storm Gustav in 2002
انظر أيضاً
- Hurricane Alley
- Hypercane
- List of wettest tropical cyclones by country
- Secondary flow in tropical cyclones
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المصادر
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Q: What is the average size of a tropical cyclone? Retrieved on 2007-07-04.
- ^ Kerry Emanuel. Anthropogenic Effects on Tropical Cyclone Activity. Retrieved on 2008-02-25.
- ^ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What regions around the globe have tropical cyclones and who is responsible for forecasting there?". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةAOML FAQ G1 - ^ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What are the average, most, and least tropical cyclones occurring in each basin?". NOAA. Retrieved 2006-11-30.
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Tropical cyclones
| Tropical cyclones ]]. |
- مراجع تعليمية
- Economic Costs of Hurricanes and associated Economic Benefits from Improved Forecasting
- FEMA for Kids: Hurricanes
- Mariner's Guide for Hurricane AwarenessPDF (1.23 MiB)
- Is Global Climate Change Affecting Hurricanes?
- NOVA science now: Hurricanes
- Surviving a hurricane – A guide for children and youth
- Summary of cyclone terminology from NOAA FAQ
- Tropical Storms Worldwide – by Hawaii University
- WMO guide on cyclone terminology
- World Meteorological Organization Severe Weather Information Center – Shows all current tropical systems worldwide and their tracks
- Regional specialised meteorological centers
- Canadian Hurricane Centre - Canadian Maritimes
- Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency - Caribbean region
- Caribbean Hurricane Network - Caribbean region
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
- Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific east of 160°, north of 25° S
- India Meteorological Department – Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea
- Japan Meteorological Agency – NW Pacific
- Météo-France – La Reunion – South Indian Ocean from Africa to 90° E
- US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- عواصف سابقة
- Digital Typhoon: Typhoon Images and Information
- Global climatology of tropical cyclones
- Global ISCCP B1 Browse System Satellite Archive- by ISCCP
- Unisys historical and contemporary hurricane track data
- United States Tropical Cyclone Rainfall Climatology – Nearly 30 years of tropical cyclone histories with an emphasis on storm total rainfall, in color, up to present. Broken up by year, region, by point of landfall, and North American countries impacted
- Interactive hurricane tracking map - Includes hurricane data all the way back to the 1850s
