ديربورن Dearborn،هي مدينة في ولاية مشيگن الأمريكية. تقع في مقاطعة وين، وهي جزء من منطقة دترويت الكبرى. ديربورن هي ثاني أكبر مدن ولاية مشيگن. حسب تعداد 2010، كان عدد سكانها 98.153 نسمة. استوطنت لأول مرة في أواخر القرن الثامن عشر من قبل مزارعين فرنسيين في سلسلة مزارع شريطية على إمتداد نهر مشيگن وسوك تريل، تجمع شهد نمواً مع تأسيس دترويت أرسنال على طريق شيكاغوالواصل بين دترويت وشيكاغو. نمت لاحقاً لتصبح مركز لصناعة السيارات.

المدينة هي مسقط رأس هنري فورد وبها المقر العالمي لشركة فورد للسيارات. تضم بها حرم جامعة مشيگن بالإضافة إلى كلية هنري فورد كوميونيتي. يوجد بها متحف هنري فورد، أكبر مجمع متاحف مغلقة-مفتوحة ومن أبرز المعالم السياحية في دترويت الكبرى.

معظم مواطني ديربورن من أصول أوروپية أوشرق أوسطية. ويتألفون بصفة أساسية من عرقيات ألمانية، پولندية، أيرلندية، إيطالية. ذوي الأصول الشرق أوسطية غالبية هم الجماعة العرقية الأكبر في ديربورن، من لبنانيين، يمنيين، عراقيين، سورييين وفلسطينيين.

التاريخ

الجغرافيا

الديموغرافيا

الأمريكان العرب

يوجد من بين سكان المدينة 40,000 أمريكي عربي. يمتلك العرب الكثير من المحلات والمشروعات التجارية، والتي تقدم خدماتها بالإنگليزية والعربية. في تعداد 2010، مثل العرب الأمريكان 40% من سكان ديربورن؛ يقيم الكثير منهم في المدينة من عدة أجيال. تضم المدينة أكبر نسبة من العرب الأمريكان في الولايات المتحدة. في 2006 كان في ديربورن أيضاً أكبر عدد من الأمريكان اللبنانيين في الولايات المتحدة.

اتى أوائل المهاجرين العرب في أوائل-منتصف القرن العشرين للعمل في صناعة السيارات وعلى رأسهم المسيحيين اللبنانيين (الموارنة). أتى مهاجرون آخرون من منتصف حتى أوائل القرن العشرين ومنهم الجالية الأرمنية-الأمريكية، وهم من المسيحيين. هاجر إلى المنطقة أيضاً الآشوريين/السريان/الكلدانيين. منذ ذلك الوقت، توافد على المدينة مهاجرون من اليمن، العراق وفلسطين، معظمهم من المسلمين. لا تزال هناك مجموعة كبيرة من الأمريكان اللبنانيين. قامت الجالية العربية المسلمة ببناء المركز الإسلامي في أمريكا، أكبر مسجد في أمريكا الشمالية،ومسجد ديربورن. أتى المزيد من اللاجئين العراقيين، فراراً من الحرب المستمرة في بلادهم منذ 2003.

يوجد في طريق وارن مركز تجاري للجالية العربية الأمريكية. المتحف الوطني العربي الأمريكي يقع في ديربورن. أفتتح المتحف في يناير 2005 للتعريف بتاريخ واسهامات الجالية الأمريكية العربية في الولايات المتحدة.

الاقتصاد

أرباب العمل الرئيسيين

حسب التقرير المالي السنوي الكامل للمدينة في 2010، أرباب العمل الرئيسيين في المدينة كالتالي:

التعليم

الكليات والجامعات

المدارس الإبتدائية والثانوية

المخطات العامة

البنية التحتية

مرافق الرياضة

النقل

الإعلام

مشاهير ديربورن

• David Burtka - Chef and former actor, married to Neil Patrick Harris
• John Dingell - Dean of the U.S. House of Representatives, longest-serving Congressman
• Agnes Dobronski - Michigan educator and legislator
• ريما فقيه - ملكة جمال مشيگن 2010، ملكة جمال الولايات المتحدة 2010
• هنري فورد - مؤسس شركة فورد للسيارات
• Dan Gheesling - Winner of Big Brotherعشرة (U.S.) and runner-up on Big Brother 14 (U.S.)
• George Z. Hart - سناتور من ولاية مشيگن
• Orville L. Hubbard - عمدة ديربورون من 1942-1978
• John C. Kornblum، دبلوماسي وسفير سابق إلى ألمانيا
• Derek Lowe - Major League Baseball pitcher: with the Texas Rangers; World Series Champion with the Boston Red Sox (2004)
• Nancy Milford - مؤلفة ومحررة
• Alan Mulally - رئيس مجلس ادارة شركة فورد للسيارات
• Johnny Pacar - Actor: Flight 29 Down, Make It or Break It, Now You See It...,
• George Peppard - Actor: Breakfast at Tiffany's, The A-Team, Banacek
• Brian Rafalski - former NHL defenseman (New Jersey Devils, Detroit Red Wings)
• Doug Ross - college ice hockey coach
• Scott Sanderson - All-Star Major League Baseball pitcher who pitched in 19 Major League seasons forسبعة different teams
• Suzanne Sena - Host of Independent Film Channel program Onion News Network and former Fox News anchor
• ويندي وكارل

جدل حول حرية التعبير

خط زمني تاريخي

الاستكشاف الأوروپي والاستعمار

• 1603 French lay claim to unidentified territory in this region, naming it New France.
• July 24, 1701 Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and his soldiers first land at what is now Detroit.
• November 29, 1760 The British take control of the area from France.
• 1780 Pierre Dumais clears farm near what is today's Morningside Street in Dearborn's South End.

التاريخ المبكر

• 1783 – By terms of the Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolutionary War, Great Britain cedes territory south of the Great Lakes to the الولايات المتحدة, although the British retain practical control of the Detroit area and several other settlements until 1797.
• 1786 – Agreed year of first permanent settler in present-day Dearborn.
• 1787 – Territory of the US north and west of the Ohio River is officially proclaimed the Northwest Territory.
• December 26, 1791 – Detroit environs become part of Kent County, Ontario.
• 1795 – James Cissne becomes first settler in what is now west Dearborn.
• 1796 – Wayne County is formed by proclamation of the acting governor of the Northwest Territory. Its original area is 2,000,000 ميل مربعs (5,200,000 kم²), stretching from Cleveland, Ohio, to Chicago, Illinois, and northwest to Canada.
• May 7, 1800 – Indiana Territory, created out of part of Northwest Territory, although the eastern half of Michigan including the Dearborn area, was not attached to Indiana Territory until Ohio was admitted as a state in 1803.
• January 11, 1805 – Michigan Territory officially created out of a part of the Indiana Territory.
• June 11, 1805 – Fire destroys most of Detroit.
• November 15, 1815 – Current boundaries of Wayne County drawn, county split into 18 townships.
• January 5, 1818 – Springwells Township established by Gov. Lewis Cass.
• October 23, 1824 – Bucklin Township created by Gov. Lewis Cass. The area ran from Greenfield to approximately Haggerty and from Van Born to Eight Mile.
• 1826 – Conrad Ten Eyck builds Ten Eyck Tavern at Michigan Avenue and Rouge River.
• 1827 – Wayne County's boundaries changed to its current 615 ميل مربعs (1,593 kم²).
• April 12, 1827 – Springwells and Bucklin townships formally organized and laid out by gubernatorial act.
• October 29, 1829 – Bucklin Township split along what is today Inkster Road into Nankin (west half) and Pekin (east half) townships.
• March 21, 1833 – Pekin Township renamed Redford Township.
• March 31, 1833 – Greenfield Township created from north and west sections of Springwells Township, including what is now today east Dearborn.
• April 1, 1833 – Dearborn Township created from southern half of Redford Township south of Bonaparte Avenue (Joy Road).
• 1833 – Detroit Arsenal built.
• October 23, 1834 – Dearborn Township renamed Bucklin Township.
• March 26, 1836 – Bucklin Township renamed Dearborn Township.
• January 26, 1837 – Michigan admitted to the Union as the 26th state. Stevens T. Mason is first governor.
• 1837 – Michigan Central Railroad extended through Springwells Township. Hamlet of Springwells rises along railroad.
• April 5, 1838 – Village of Dearbornville incorporates. Village later unincorporated on May 11, 1846.
• 1849 Detroit annexes Springwells Township east of Brooklyn Street.
• April 2, 1850 – Greenfield Township annexes another section of Springwells Township.
• February 12, 1857 – Detroit annexes Springwells Township east of Grand Boulevard.
• March 25, 1873 – Springwells Township annexes back section of Greenfield Township south of Tireman
• May 28, 1875 – Postmaster general changes name of Dearbornville post office to Dearborn post office, hence changing the city's name.
• 1875 – Detroit Arsenal closed.
• 1875 – Detroit annexes another section of Springwells Township.
• 1876 – William A. Nowlin writes The Bark Covered House in honor of country's 100th birthday.
• June 20, 1884 – Detroit annexes Springwells Township east of Livernois.
• 1889 – First telephone installed in Dearborn at St. Joseph's retreat.

الدمج كقرية

• March 24, 1893 Village of Dearborn incorporates.
• 1906 Detroit annexes another section of Springwells Township.
• 1916 Detroit annexes more of Springwells Township, forming Dearborn's eastern boundary.
• 1917 Rouge "Eagle" Plant opens.
• November 1, 1919 The first house numbering ordinance in Dearborn starts. Residents required to place standard plate number on right side of the main house entrance five feet up.
• December 9, 1919 Springwells Township incorporates as village of Springwells.
• October 16, 1922 Springwells Township annexes small section of Dearborn Township east of present-day Greenfield Road.
• December 27, 1923 Voters approve incorporation of Springwells as a city. It officially became a city April 7, 1924.
• September 9, 1924 Village of Warrendale incorporates.
• November 1924 Ford Airport opens.
• April 6, 1925 Warrendale voters and residents of remaining Greenfield Township approve annexation by Detroit.
• May 26, 1925 Village of Dearborn annexes large portion of Dearborn Township.
• December 23, 1925 Springwells changes name to city of Fordson.
• February 15, 1926 First U.S. airmail delivery made, going from Ford Airport in Dearborn to Cleveland.
• September 14, 1926 Election approves incorporation of village of Inkster. Unincorporated part of Dearborn Township split into two unconnected sections.
• October 11, 1926 Only dirigible to ever moor in Dearborn docks at Ford Airport.

إعادة الدمج كمدينة

• February 14, 1927 Village of Dearborn residents approve vote to become a city.
• June 12, 1928 Voters in Dearborn, Fordson and part of Dearborn Township vote to consolidate into one city.
• January 9, 1929 Clyde Ford elected as first mayor of Dearborn.
• 1929 Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village opens.
• July 1, 1931 Dearborn Inn opens as one of first airport hotels in world.
• March 7, 1932 Ford Hunger March crosses Dearborn city limits. Four marchers are shot to death by police and Ford service men.
• 1936 John Carey becomes mayor of Dearborn.
• June 19, 1936 Montgomery Ward opens in Dearborn.
• May 26, 1937 Harry Bennett's Ford "service" men beat United Auto Workers (UAW) official Richard Frankensteen in the Battle of the Overpass
• June 21, 1941 Ford Motor Company signs its first union contract.
• 1939 The Historic Springwells Park Neighborhood is established by Edsel B. Ford to provide company executives and auto workers with upscale housing accommodations.
• January 6, 1942 Orville L. Hubbard takes office as mayor of Dearborn for first time.
• April 7, 1947 Henry Ford dies.
• October 20, 1947 Dearborn City Council approves purchase of land near Milford, Michigan for what would become Camp Dearborn. First section of camp opens following year.
• October 21, 1947 Ford Airport officially closes.
• 1950 First Pleasant Hours senior citizen group formed.
• 1950 Dearborn Historical Museum formally established.
• January 1952 Oakwood Hospital formally opened and dedicated.
• April 22, 1958 Election held to annex part of South Dearborn Township to Dearborn. Proposal fails.
• 1959 University of Michigan (Dearborn Campus) opens.
• April 6, 1959 Election held to annex part of North Dearborn Township to Dearborn. Proposal fails.
• 1962 St. Joseph's retreat closed and razed
• 1962 New Henry Ford Community College campus dedicated.
• November 9, 1962 Ford Rotunda burns down
• 1967 Dearborn Towers in Clearwater, Florida opens.
• March 2, 1976 Fairlane Town Center opens.
• 1978 John B. O' Reilly, Sr. becomes mayor of Dearborn
• November 6, 1981 Cable Television reaches first home in Dearborn, on Abbot Street.
• December 16, 1982 Orville Hubbard dies.
• 1986 Michael Guido becomes mayor of Dearborn.
• 1993 Michael Guido is the first mayor to run unopposed.
• 2006 Michael Guido dies at the age of 52 during his 6th term, the only mayor to die in office.
• 2006 John B. O'Reilly, Jr. is to become temporary Mayor. O'Reilly's father was the mayor who had preceded Mayor Guido.
• 2007 John B. O'Reilly, Jr. is elected mayor of Dearborn winning 93.97% of the vote.
• 2008 John B. O'Reilly, Sr. dies at the age of 89; he was Mayor of Dearborn (1978–1985) and also served as Chief of Police for 11 years.

انظر أيضاً

• تاريخ الشرق أوسطيين في دترويت الكبرى

المصادر

قراءات إضافية

• Cantor, George (2005). Detroit: An Insiders Guide to Michigan. University of Michigan Press. ISBN .
• Fisher, Dale (2003). Building Michigan: A Tribute to Michigan's Construction Industry. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN .
• Fisher, Dale (2005). Southeast Michigan: Horizons of Growth. Grass Lake, MI: Eyry of the Eagle Publishing. ISBN .
• Hill, Eric J. and John Gallagher (2002). AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. ISBN .
• Rignall, Karen (graduate student). "Building an Arab-American Community in Dearborn." University of Michigan. Volume 5, Issue 1, Fall 1997.

وصلات خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Dearborn, Michigan.

• City of Dearborn
• Dearborn Chamber of Commerce
• ديربورن، مشيگن at the Open Directory Project