المنطقة الاقتصادية لدلتا نهر اللؤلؤ (الصينية المبسطة: 珠江三角洲经济区; الصينية التقليدية: 珠江三角洲經濟區; پن‌ين: Zhūjiāng Sānjiǎozhōu Jīngjìqū؛ بالإنگليزية: Pearl River Delta Economic Zone) (كانت تُسمى 粤江平原)، تقع في منطقة دلتا نهر اللؤلؤ، الأراضي الشاسعة لدلتا نهر اللؤلؤ على بحر الصين الجنوبي. ولما كانت تضم گوانگ‌ژو، وشن‌ژن، وژوهاي، وفوشان ودونگ‌گوان وژونگ‌شان وجيانگ‌من، وأجزاء من هوي‌ژووژاوچينگ، فإنها أكثر المناطق ديناميكيةً في بر الصين الرئيسي منذ إطلاق برنامج الإصلاح في الصين في 1979. هونگ كونگ ومكاوالمجاورتان ليستا جزءاً من المنطقة الاقتصادية.

The 2008-20 plan, released by China's National Development and Reform Commission, is designed to boost the pan—Pearl River Delta as a "center of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries," and as a "center for international shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibitions and tourism." الأهداف تتضمن تطوير اثنين إلى ثلاثة مدن جديدة في منطقة الخليج الأكبر گوانگ‌دونگ-هونگ كونگ-ماكاو، the development ofعشرة شركات جديدة متعددة الجنسيات، ومد الطرق والسكك الحديدة وقدرات الموانئ والمطارات بحلول عام 2020. They include construction of the 50 كم جسر هونگ كونگ–ژوهاي-مكاوالذي يربط هونگ كونگ بـ مكاوودلتا نهر اللؤلؤ. إنشاء 3,000 كم من الطرق السريعة في المنطقة was to be completed by 2012, and rail expansions of 1,099 كم بحلول عام 2012 و2,200 كم بحلول عام 2020.

الحجم

Six cities^[] surround the geographic delta, with a seventh city^[] over the ocean, comprising a total land of roughly 29,000 square kilometers (11,200 square miles). This figure does not include inland هوي‌ژووژاوچينگ city which amalgamates with the area, nor the separately governed territories of هونگ كونگ ومكاو.

التعداد

تضم المنطقة الاقتصادية لدلتا نهر اللؤلؤ نحو7000 كيلومتر مربع، 0.07% من الصين، بتعداد 22 مليون نسمة، 3.1% of the 2010 population of mainland China. A report by the World Bank described this zone as the third largest urban area in the world.^{[محل شك]}

الاقتصاد

المنطقة الاقتصادية لدلتا نهر اللؤلؤ accounted for 19.9 percent of GDP and 38.9 percent of total trade in 2005. As the most dynamic region in the Chinese Mainland, it is increasingly important as a market. Given the massive scale of its export sector, the region has become an important industrial market for all sorts of inputs, materials, and capital goods. It also is a major market for transportation and trade-related services. Rapid urbanisation and burgeoning city populations have created demand for infrastructure, building materials, transportation services, housing, and other goods and services associated with urban development. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is also a highly attractive consumer market.

Cities such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou are among the most affluent in the Chinese Mainland. Close links to Hong Kong and Macau mean that Pearl River Delta region consumers adopt international tastes earlier than most places in China, making the region one of the trend setters in China.

التاريخ

In 1979, the Central Government of the People's Republic of China announced that Guangdong Province would be allowed to follow less restrictive economic policies and would be permitted to set up three Special Economic Zones (SEZs), including two in the Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen and Zhuhai. Preferential policies in the SEZs included a number of features designed to attract foreign investment, such as a 15 percent tax rate, tax holidays of up to five years, and the ability to repatriate corporate profits and to repatriate capital investments after a contracted period. They also included duty-free treatment of imports of raw materials and intermediate goods destined for exported products, as well as exemption from export taxes.

Guangdong's early experience with reform allowed a market-oriented culture to develop earlier than in other places in the Chinese Mainland. Starting in 1979, Guangdong Province and the SEZs were given greater political and economic autonomy than other jurisdictions in the Chinese Mainland. Areas of greater autonomy included finance and fiscal matters, foreign trade and investment, commerce and distribution, allocation of materials and resources, labour, and prices. In 1988, Guangdong was granted expanded powers to set its own economic direction, and was designated a 'comprehensive economic reform area'. This gave rise to the creation of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, as well as development of a land lease system and some privatisation of housing. Shenzhen became a leader in terms of foreign exchange markets, operation of foreign banks, land reforms, and stock market development.

The economic development of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone took off after the reform programme was instituted. The region's GDP grew from just over US$8 billion in 1980 to more than US$89 billion in 2000 and nearly US$221.2 billion in 2005. During that period, the average real rate of GDP growth in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone exceeded 16 percent, well above the People's Republic of China national figure of 9.8 percent. Since the onset of China's reform programme, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone has been the fastest growing portion of the fastest growing province in the fastest growing large economy in the world. In the process, a region that was once largely agricultural has emerged as a manufacturing platform of global importance. It is a world leader in the production of electronic goods, electrical products, electrical and electronic components, watches and clocks, toys, garments and textiles, plastic products, and a range of other goods.

For the first ten years of China's economic reform process, the internationalisation of the Chinese economy was largely a Pearl River Delta phenomenon, with the export-oriented production of foreign-invested entities based in Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Guangzhou leading the way. In recent years, the development environment for indigenous private-owned enterprises has improved dramatically in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and local firms are now playing an ever-growing role in the region's economy. In this regard, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, and other parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone have been at the forefront of private sector development in China.

انظر أيضاً

• المنطقة الاقتصادية لدلتا نهر يانگ‌تزى Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone
• حافة بوهاي الاقتصادية Bohai Economic Rim
• مثلث الغرب، المنطقة الاقتصادية West Triangle Economic Zone
• منطقة الخليج الأكبر گوانگ‌دونگ-هونگ كونگ-ماكاو

المراجع

• Economic profile for the Pearl River Delta at HKTDC