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النيتبوك هو لابتوب كومبيوتر مصمم للإتصال اللاسلكى والوصول الى الإنترنت .

أساسا تم تصميمه لتصفح الويب وإرسال رسائل إليكترونية, النيتبوك تعتمد اعتمادا كبيرا على شبكة الانترنت للتواصل معها عن بعدعلى الويب تعتمد اعتمادا كبيرا على شبكة الانترنت للحصول على تطبيقات على شبكة الإنترنت وتستهدف بشكل متزايد الحوسبة السحابية المستخدمين الذين يتطلبون أقل إستخدام من الكمبيوتر العميل . نيتبوك في الغالب ينفذ نظم التشغيل ويندوز إكس بي أو لينكس وليس أكثر نظم التشغيل كثافة وتطلبا لموارد الكمبيوتر مثل ويندوز- ڤيستا. الأجهزة يتراوح حجمها بين أقل منخمسة بوصة إلى فوق 13 بوصة, ويزن في الغالب من 2 إلى ثلاثة (~1 كج) ,وهى بصفة جوهرية أرخص من ما يقابلها من أجهزة اللابتوب ذات الإستعمال العادى بما يتراوح بين أميريكى دولار 400, مع بعض ، حتى في نطاق 50-100 دولار أمريكي. حدثة نيتبوك هى محتوى من تعبير الإنترنت و دفتر.

التاريخ

أصل النيتبوك يمكن إرجاعه إلى الخط الموقوف بوزيون'الدفتر , وهومايدعى مشروع لابتوب واحد لكل طفل (OLPC) وبالم فوليو— وهذه كلها أجهزة كمبيوتر صغيرة,مجهزة للشبكات . وتصاعدت أجهزة النيتبوك,فى 2007 عندما أقدم أسوس على أزاحة الستار عن أسوس إى إى إى بي سى. المصممة أصلا للأسواق المتنامية , فإن ألأجهزة 8.9 × 6.5 بوصة (23 x 17 سم) تزن حوالى رطلين وتتميز 7-بوصة شاشة عرض , ولوحة مفاتيح تقريبا 85% من حجم اللوحة العادية, ونسخة حسب المواصفات من لينكس مع قابلة مستخدم مبسطة جهزت أصلا لإستخدام النوتبوك. Following the Eee PC, Everex launched its Linux-based CloudBook, MSI released the Wind, Dell and HP both released a "Mini" series (the Inspiron Mini and HP Mini), and others soon followed suit. Windows XP models were also introduced.

By late 2008, netbooks had begun to take market share away from laptops. It is estimated that almost thirty times more netbooks were sold in 2008 (11.4 million, 70% of which were in Europe) than in 2007 (400,000). For 2009, sales are expected to jump to 35 million, rising to an estimated 139 million in 2013. This trend is reinforced by the rise of web-based applications as well as mobile networking and, according to Wired Magazine, netbooks are evolving into "super-portable laptops for professionals".

Microsoft and Intel have tried to "cement" netbooks in the low end of the market to protect mainstream notebook PC sales, because they get lower margins on low-cost models. The companies have limited the specifications of netbooks, but despite this original equipment manufacturers have announced higher-end netbooks models as of March 2009.

Trends

فى بداية 2009, موديلات أوطرازات مبنية على ARM وPowerPC وأطلقت معمارية جديدة, مؤكدة نقلة بعيدة عن معالجات إنتل مثل أتوم (وإن كان يوجد موديلات هجينة تحوى كلا من إنتل وطرز أخرى لقاءة من المعماريات ). موديلات تستخدم MIPS كمبيوتر -على --رقاقة (SoC) وهى معمارية ظهرت أيضا, في ذلك التوقيت , مما أدى إلى انخفاض كبير في التكلفة.

وحيث حتى الإصدارات الحديثة من ويندوز تتطلب x86-عائلة المعالجات, فانها لن تعمل على هذه النيتبوك الجديدة. وتمتلك لينكس مع ذلك إمكانية دعم معمارية غير إكس 86 مثل MIPS, ARM, وPowerPC لسنوات عديدة.

Also with the advent of better touchscreen technologies, and the Android operating system, many companies have recently begun development of touchscreen, tablet netbooks. There is at least one netbook running the Android operating system in pre-production stages in the Asian market, and are expected to begin production of tablet netbooks in the American and European markets by the beginning of the third quarter 2009.

العلامات التجارية

فى 1996 بزيون بدأت في تطبيق خط علامات تجارية لمنتجات نيتبوك التي كانت في وقت لاحق قد أطلقت في 1999. وأصدرت العلامات التجارية الدولية (بما فيهانطقب:علامات تجارية أميركية ونطقب:علامات تجارية داخلية) ولكن النماذج قد فشلت في الحصول على شعبية<refSave the Netbooks: fighting a trademark on extinct hardware</ref> and are now discontinued (except for providing accessories, maintenance and support to existing users). Similar marks were recently rejected by the USPTO citing a "likelihood of confusion" under section 2(d).

Despite expert analysis that the mark is "probably generic",Psion Teklogix issued cease and desist letters on 23 December, 2008. This was heavily criticised, prompting the formation of the "Save the Netbooks" grassroots campaign which worked to reverse the Google AdWords ban, cancel the trademark and encourage continued generic use of the term. While preparing a "Petition for Cancellation" of U.S. Trademark 75٬215٬401 they revealed that Dell had submitted one the day before on the basis of abandonment, genericness and fraud. They later revealed Psion's counter-suit against Intel, filed on 27 February 2009.

It was also revealed around the same time that Intel had also sued Psion Teklogix (US & Canada) and Psion (UK) in the Federal Court on similar grounds. In addition to seeking cancellation of the trademark, Intel sought an order enjoining Psion from asserting any trademark rights in the term "netbook", a declarative judgement regarding their use of the term, attorneys' fees, costs and disbursements and "such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper".

On June 2, 2009, Psion announced that the suit had been settled out of court. Psion's statement said that the company was withdrawing all of its trademark registrations for the term "Netbook" and that Psion agreed to "waive all its rights against third parties in respect of past, current or future use" of the term.

Technology

Hardware

Netbook users typically rely on online applications and services which do not require powerful hardware on the local computer. Some netbooks do not even have conventional hard or optical disc drives. Such netbooks use solid-state storage devices instead, as these require less power and are smaller, lighter and generally more robust and durable. On machines with no optical disk drive, application software is typically downloaded from the web or read from a USB device. An external IDE drive can be used with a USB-to-IDE converter.

All netbooks on the market today support Wi-Fi wireless networking and many can be used on mobile telephone networks with data capability. Mobile data plans are supplied under contract in the same way as mobile telephone. Some also include Ethernet and/or modem ports, for broadband or dial-up Internet access, respectively.

Processor architectures

ARM

ARM is designing and licensing high-performance chips requiring a relatively low power envelope, which would constitute an ideal basis for netbooks, and has touted these as an alternative platform. Despite this, ARM has had very little success in establishing a market for their chips in netbooks, likely because of incompatibilities of their ARM architecture to the established x86 software ecosystem (primarily the dominant Microsoft Windows operating system, Linux is fully compatible). Freescale, a manufacturer of ARM chips, has projected that by 2012 half of all netbooks will run on ARM and there has been much speculation as to a version of the upcoming Windowsسبعة compatible with ARM. In June 2009 nVidia announced a dozen mobile Internet devices running Tegra, some of which will be netbooks.

MIPS

Some Ultra-Low Cost netbooks feature a MIPS CPU. The 64-bit Loongson MIPS microprocessor is also used for higher-end applications.

x86

One report at the end of 2008 suggested the typical netbook featured a 3-lb (1.4 kg) weight, a 9-inch (23 cm) screen, wireless Internet connectivity, Linux or Windows XP, an Intel chip, and a cost of less than US$ 400. The x86-compatible VIA Technologies C7 processor is powering netbooks from HP and Samsung. VIA has also designed the Nano, a new x86-64-compatible architecture targeting lower priced, mobile applications like netbooks.

Software

Windows

As of January 2009, over 90% of netbooks are estimated to ship with Windows XP, which Microsoft was later estimated to sell ranging from US$15 to US$ 35 per netbook. Microsoft has extended the availability of Windows XP for ultra-low cost personal computers from June 2008 until June 2010, possibly to keep netbooks from gaining market share at the expense of desktops and "value" laptops and to avoid increased use of Linux installations on netbooks.

Microsoft is also testing and has demonstrated a 'Starter' edition of Windowsسبعة for this class of devices.Windows CE has also been used in netbook applications, due to its reduced feature design, that keeps with the design philosophy of netbooks.

Linux

As of January 2009, customised Linux distributions are estimated to ship on less than 10% of netbooks, making it the second most popular operating system after Windows. As Linux systems normally install software from an Internet software repository, they do not need an optical drive to install software. However, early netbooks like the Eee PC failed to use this benefit by disabling access to the full range of available Linux software.

Netbooks have sparked the development of many new Linux distributions, like Ubuntu Netbook Remix and Easy Peasy. See the full list of Netbook Distributions. Recently an Intel-sponsored beta version of Moblin has hit the web.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

Android

Google's Android software platform, designed for mobile telephone handsets, has been demonstrated on an ASUS Eee PC and its Linux operating system contains policies for mobile internet devices including the original Asus Eee PC 701. ASUS has allocated engineers to develop an Android-based netbook.Freescale have also announced plans for a low-cost ARM-based netbook design, running Android. In May 2009 a contractor of Dell announced it is porting Adobe Flash Lite to Android for Dell netbooks.Acer announced Android netbooks to be available in Q3/2009.

Mac OS X

Mac OS X has been demonstrated running on various netbooks as a result of the OSx86 project, although this may be in violation of the operating system's End User License Agreement. Apple has complained to sites hosting information on how to install OS X onto non-Apple hardware (including Wired and YouTube) who have redacted and removed content in response. Although Apple has previously taken legal action regarding such installations (see Psystar), a February 2009 federal court ruling may result in the eventual removal of this restriction.

Other

Netbooks have been demonstrated running other operating systems including FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Darwin.

Usage

A NPD study found that 60 percent of netbook buyers never take their netbooks out of the house.

Gallery

• ASUS Eee PC 700

• HP 2133 Mini-Note PC

• MSI Wind

• Acer Aspire One

• Dell-inspiron-mini-9.png

  Dell Inspiron Mini 9

• Zelybron Micro Nina

• Lenovo IdeaPad S10

• Samsung NC20

انظر أيضاً

• Comparison of netbooks
• Nettop, a desktop equivalent of the netbook
• Smartbook
• Subnotebook
• Operating systems
  • FreeBSD / NetBSD
  • Linux
  • MS-Windows XP

References

وصلات خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع [[commons: Category:Netbooks | Netbooks ]].

• "The rise of the Netbook" article at Cnet
• "The State of the Netbook" article at Ars Technica
• "The Netbook Effect: How Cheap Little Laptops Hit the Big Time" article at Wired.com
• "Light and Cheap, Netbooks Are Poised to Reshape PC Industry" article at New York Times
• "Netbook Sales Keep Quanta Competitive" article at BusinessWeek
• Netbooks: Small but disruptive | The Economist
• Rational consumer: Small is beautiful | The Economist
• Taiwan Review/High-tech Success Made Simple
• Acer Founder Stan Shih:The Netbook Is the Big Chance for Brand Taiwan
• World hardware: Small wonder/THE ECONOMIST INTELLIGENCE UNIT