إنرگيا (شركة)
|
نسخة من صاروخ ڤوستوك، في مركز معارض عموم روسيا
| |
| النوع | Public |
|---|---|
| رمز التداول |
|
| الصناعة |
Space industry Aerospace industry Defense industry |
| تأسست | 16 مايو1946 |
| المقر الرئيسي | Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, RUS |
| المنتجات | Ballistic missiles, Launch vehicles, Satellites, Spacecraft, Space stations |
| الدخل | خطأ في التعبير: عامل < غير متسقط$NaN |
| ربح العمليات | خطأ في التعبير: عامل < غير متسقط$NaN |
| الدخل الصافي | خطأ في التعبير: عامل < غير متسقط$NaN |
| إجمالي الأصول | خطأ في التعبير: عامل < غير متسقط$NaN |
| إجمالي الأنصبة | خطأ في التعبير: عامل < غير متسقط$NaN |
| المالك | United Rocket and Space Corporation (38.2%) |
| الأقسام | NPO Energomash |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | www.energia.ru/english/ |
PAO S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia (بالروسية: Ракетно-космическая корпорация «Энергия» им. С. П. Королёва), also known as RSC Energia (РКК «Энергия», RKK “Energiya”), is a Russian manufacturer of ballistic missile, spacecraft and space station components. The company is the prime developer and contractor of the Russian manned spaceflight program; it also owns a majority of Sea Launch. Its name is derived from Sergei Korolev, the first chief of its design bureau, and the Russian word for energy.
Overview
Energia is the largest company of the Russian space industry and one of its key players. It is responsible for all operations involving human spaceflight and is the lead developer of the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, and the lead developer of the Russian end of the International Space Station. In the mid-2000s, the company employed 22,000—30,000 people.
The enterprise has been awarded with أربعة Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution and Russian Federation President's Message of Thanks. In addition, 14 cosmonauts employed by the company have been awarded the title "Hero of the Russian Federation".
Structure
The company consists of the following subsidiaries and branches:
- Primary Design Bureau
- Baikonur branch
- ZAO Experimental Machine-building Plant
- ZAO Volzhskoye DB
- ZAO PO Kosmos
اعتبارا من 2009[تحديث], 38% of the company's stock was owned by the Russian state.
History
The company was founded on 16 May 1946 and has been known successively as:
- Special Design Bureau number 1 of R&D Institute number 88 (بالروسية: ОКБ-1 НИИ-88 or OKB-1 of NII-88)
- TsKBEM (Central Design Bureau of Experimental Machine Building)
- NPO Energia
- S. P. Korolev RSC Energia.
It is named after the first chief of its design bureau Sergei Korolev (1946–1966). His successors as chief designers were: Vasiliy Mishin (1966–1974), Valentin Glushko (1974–1989), Yuriy Semenov (1989–2005), Nikolay Sevastyanov (2005–2007). Its President and Chief designer was Vitaly Lopota, through August 1, 2014.
Historic projects
Over the years the products of Energia and its predecessors included:
IRBMs and ICBMs
Including meteorological rockets as their modifications.
- R-1 (missile) R-1B, R-1V, R-1D, R-1E
- R-2 (missile)
- R-5 missile, R-5M, R-11, R-11A, R-11F
-
R-7 Semyorka,
- R-7A Semyorka
- R-9 Desna
- RT-1
- RT-2
Launch vehicles
- R-7 (rocket family)
- Sputnik (rocket)
- Luna (rocket)
-
Vostok (rocket family)
- Vostok-2 (rocket)
- Vostok-2M
- Vostok-K
- Vostok-L
- Polyot (rocket)
- Voskhod (rocket)
- Molniya (rocket)
-
Soyuz (rocket family)
- Soyuz (rocket)
- Soyuz-L
- Soyuz-M
- Soyuz/Vostok
- N1 rocket as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex
- Blok D
-
Energia
- Energia II
- "Yamal", "Kvant", "Kvant-1", "Avrora";
- upper stages for different kinds of launch vehicles: blocks L and DM;
Research, Observation and Communication Earth Satellites
-
Sputnik program
- Sputnik 1
- Sputnik 2
- Sputnik 3
- Sputnik 4
- Sputnik 5
- Sputnik 6
- Sputnik 7
- Sputnik 8
- Sputnik 9
- Sputnik 10
- Sputnik 19
- Sputnik 20
- Sputnik 21
- Sputnik 22
- Sputnik 24
- Sputnik 25
- Elektron (satellite)
- Zenit (satellite)
- Molniya (satellite)
- Signal (satellite)
- BelKA
- DZZ
Deep Space Exploration Spacecraft
-
Luna programme
- Luna 1958A
- Luna 1958B
- Luna 1958C
- Luna 1
- Luna 1959A
- Luna 2
- Luna 3
- Luna 1960A
- Luna 1960B
- Luna 1963B
- Luna 4
- Luna 1964A
- Luna 1964B
- Cosmos 60
- Luna 1965A
- Luna 5
- Luna 6
- Luna 7
- Luna 8
- Luna 9
- Cosmos 111
- Luna 10
- Luna 1966A
- Luna 11
- Luna 12
- Luna 13
- Luna 1968A
- Luna 14
- Luna 1969A
- Luna 1969B
- Luna 1969C
- Luna 15
- Cosmos 300
- Cosmos 305
- Luna 1970A
- Luna 1970B
- Luna 16
- Luna 17
- Luna 18
- Luna 19
- Luna 20
- Luna 21
- Luna 22
- Luna 23
- Luna 1975A
- Luna 24
- Luna 8K72
-
Venera
- Cosmos 27
- Venera 2
- Venera 3
- Venera 4
- Venera 5
- Venera 6
- Venera 7
- Venera 8
- Cosmos 482
- Venera 9
- Venera 10
- Venera 11
- Venera 12
- Venera 13
- Venera 14
- Venera 15
- Venera 16
-
Mars program
- Mars 1M
- Mars 1
- Mars 1969A
- Mars 1969B
- Cosmos 419
- Mars 2
- Mars 3
- Mars 4
- Phobos program
- Mars 96
-
Zond program
- Zond 1
- Zond 1964A
- Zond 2
- Zond 3
- Zond 1967A
- Zond 1967B
- Zond 4
- Zond 5
- Zond 6
- Zond 7
- Zond 8
Cargo spacecraft
-
Progress (spacecraft)
- Progress-M
- Progress-M1
- Progress 7K-TG
Manned spacecraft
-
Vostok programme
- Vostok (spacecraft)
-
Voskhod programme
- Voskhod (spacecraft)
-
Soyuz programme
-
Soyuz (spacecraft)
- Soyuz A
- Soyuz B
- Soyuz 7K-L1
- Soyuz 7K-L3
- Soyuz 7K-LOK
- Soyuz 7K-OK
- Soyuz 7K-OKS
- Soyuz 7K-T
- Soyuz 7K-TM
- Soyuz-T
- Soyuz-TM
- Soyuz TM-1
- Soyuz-TMA
- Soyuz TMA-M
- Soyuz-V
- Military Soyuz
-
Soyuz (spacecraft)
-
Buran programme
- Buran (spacecraft)
- Kliper
- LK (spacecraft)
- Federation (spacecraft)
Earth space stations
-
Salyut programme
- Salyut 1
- Salyut 2
- Cosmos 557
- Salyut 3
- Salyut 4
- Salyut 5
- Salyut 6
- Salyut 7
- Mir
- Modules of the International Space Station, see the Russian Orbital Segment
- Zarya
- Zvezda
- Pirs
- Polsk
- Rassvet
Lunar space stations
- Soyuz A
- Soyuz 7K-L1
- Soyuz 7K-L3 with Lunar Landing Module (as a part of N1-L3 lunar complex).
See also
- RKK Energiya museum
- Aerospace manufacturer
- Soyuz spacecraft
- MirCorp
- NewSpace
- Kliper
- Orbital Technologies Commercial Space Station
- Parom
- Prospective Piloted Transport System
- United Rocket and Space Corporation
- Roscosmos
== المراجع ==
- ^ "Список аффилированных лиц". e-disclosure.ru. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
- ^ "Business briefs". Archived from the original on November 12, 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
- ^ Harvey, Brian (2007). "The design bureaus". The Rebirth of the Russian Space Program (1st ed.). Germany: Springer. ISBN .
- ^ "OAO Rocket and Space Corporation Energia after S.P. Korolev". OAO Energia. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ "Tragic Tangle". System Failure Case Studies. NASA. 4 (10). 2010. Archived from the original onثمانية April 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةsd20140802
وصلات خارجية
- Official website نطقب:En-icon
- Rocket and space corporation Energia (1946-1996). The book for the 50th anniversary of the enterprise
- The history of RSC Energia, from 1946 to 2011. Three volumes in electronic form.
- RSC Energia museum
- KIPM of RSC Energia
