بارتولوميوكريستوفوري
Photo of a 1726 portrait of Bartolomeo Cristofori. The original was lost in the Second World War.
بارتولوميوكريستوفوري Bartolomeo Cristofori (مايو4 , 1655 – يناير 27, 1731) صانع آلات موسيقية إيطالي عام 1709م اخترع آلةً ذات لوحة مفاتيح تضرب أوتارها بالمطارق وسماها البيان القيثاري ذا الصوت الرقيق والمرتفع. وقد سبقت آلة كريستوفوري هذه، البيانوالحديث.
The 1722 Cristofori piano in the Museo Nazionale degli Strumenti Musicali in Rome. Click to enlarge.
The Cristofori piano action, as depicted in the 11th edition of the Encyclopedia Brittanica
المصادر
- الموسوعة المعهدية الكاملة
- Fabbri, M. (1964) "Nuova luce sull'attivita fiorentina di Giacomo Antonio Perti, Bartolomeo Cristofori e Giorgio Federico Haendel Valore storico e critico di una Memoria di Francesco M Mannucci', Chigiana, pp. 143-190. [Source of the now-doubted Mannucci diary]
- A. Furnari and C. Vitali (1991) "Handels Italienreise neue Dokumente, Hypothesen und Interpretationen," Gottingen Handel-Beitrage, Kassel.
- Gai, Vinicio (1969) "Gli strumenti musical della orte Medicea e il Museo del Conservatorio 'Luigi Cherubini' di Firenze" ("The musical instruments of the Medici court and the museum of the Luigi Cherubini conservatory in Florence"), Florence. pp. 6–22.
- Good, Edward (2005) "What did Cristofori call his invention?," Early Music 33.1: 95-97.
- Hubbard, Frank (1967) Three Centuries of Harpsichord Making. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; ISBN 0-674-88845-6.
- Kottick, Edward (2003) A history of the harpsichord. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253341663, 9780253341662.
- Kottick, Edward and George Lucktenberg (1997) Early Keyboard Instruments in European Museums. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- Montenari, Giuliana (1991) "Bartolomeo Cristofori: A list and historical survey of instruments," Early Music, August 1991.
- O'Brian, Michael. "Bartolomeo Cristofori", article in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, available as a pay Web site and in scholarly libraries.
- Pollens, Stewart (1991) "Three Keyboard Instruments Signed by Cristofori's Assistant, Giovanni Ferrini," The Galpin Society Journal 44: 77-93.
- Pollens, Stewart (1995) The Early Pianoforte. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Parakilas, James Piano Roles: Three Hundred Years of Life with the Piano (1999: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-08055-7).
- Restle, Conny (1991) Bartolomeo Cristofori und die Anfänge des Hammerclaviers. Munich: Editio Maris.
- "Pianoforte", article in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, available as a pay Web site and in scholarly libraries.
- van der Meer, John Henry (2005) "Review of Bartolomeo Cristofori: La Spinetta Ovale del 1690: Studi e richerche, edited by Gabriele Rossi Rognoni. The Galpin Society Journal 58:275-276.
- Wraight, Denzil (2006) "Recent approaches in understanding Cristofori's fortepiano," Early Music 34:635-644.
وصلات خارجية
- The Metropolitan Museum's web page on its 1720 Cristofori piano
- A page about the early piano, including an image of the 1722 Cristofori instrument in Rome.
- Web page of the Museo Nazionale degli Strumenti Musicali in Rome (no image, but information for visitors)
- The Leipzig Musikinstrumenten-Museum's entry on its 1726 Cristofori piano.
- Website of Tony Chinnery, harpsichord maker. Hear an original and a replica Cristofori.
- O'Brien, Grant (2003) "Bartolomeo Cristofori/Giovanni Ferrini as restorers and re-builders. A ‘Neapolitan’ connection in two Italian harpsichords in Britain." Online at [1].
- Puliti, Leto (1874) "Della vita del Serenissimo Ferdinando dei Medici Granprincipe di Toscana e della origine del pianoforte" ("On the life of His Serene Highness Ferdinando de Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, and on the origin of the pianoforte," Atti dell'Accademia del R. Istituto musicale di Firenze 12:92-240.
- Wraight, Denzil "A Florentine Piano c.1730 for Early Piano Music", online at [2].
