قائمة مؤتمرات القمة الأمريكية السوڤيتية
مؤتمرات القمة الأمريكية السوڤيتية انعقدت منذ 1943 حتى 1991. مواضيع النقاش في تلك المؤتمرات بين رئيس الولايات المتحدة وإما الأمين العام أورئيس وزراء الاتحاد السوڤيتي تراوحت بين محاربة قوى المحور أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية إلى الحد من التسلح بين القوتين العظميين أثناء الحرب الباردة.
حلفاء الحرب العالمية الثانية
"الثلاثة الكبار" Allied leaders (left to right) at the Yalta Conference, February 1945: Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin.
Clement Attlee, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference, July 1945.
| Date | Place | Country | President of the United States | General Secretary or Premier of the Soviet Union | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| November 28–December 1, 1943 | طهران |
 إيران |
Franklin D. Roosevelt | Joseph Stalin | Also in attendance Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom.
See Tehran Conference |
| February 4–11, 1945 | Yalta |
 الاتحاد السوڤيتي
|
Franklin D. Roosevelt | Joseph Stalin | Also in attendance Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom. First visit by a United States President to the Soviet Union. See Yalta Conference |
| July 17–August 2, 1945 | Potsdam | Allied-occupied Germany | Harry S. Truman | Joseph Stalin | Also in attendance Prime Ministers Winston Churchill and Clement Attlee of the United Kingdom.
See Potsdam Conference |
الحرب الباردة (1953–1962)
Nikita Khrushchev views the wreckage of a downed Lockheed U-2. The 1960 U-2 incident was a major topic at the May 16–17, 1960 summit in Paris.
Nikita Khrushchev meeting John F. Kennedy at the Vienna Summit, June 1961
| Date | Place | Country | President of the United States | General Secretary or Premier of the Soviet Union | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 18–23, 1955 | Geneva |
 سويسرا
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower | Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin | Also in attendance Prime Minister Anthony Eden of the United Kingdom and Prime Minister Edgar Faure of France.
See Geneva Summit |
| September 15, 26–27, 1959 | Washington, D.C. and Camp David |
 الولايات المتحدة
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower | Nikita Khrushchev | First visit by a Soviet leader to the United States. |
| May 16–17, 1960 | Paris |
 فرنسا
|
Dwight D. Eisenhower | Nikita Khrushchev | Also in attendance Prime Minister Harold Macmillan of the United Kingdom and President Charles de Gaulle of France. Khrushchev left the summit due to the dispute over the 1960 U-2 incident. |
| June 3–4, 1961 | ڤيينا |
 النمسا
|
John F. Kennedy | Nikita Khrushchev | See Vienna Summit |
الحرب الباردة (1962–1979)
| Date | Place | Country | President of the United States | General Secretary or Premier of the Soviet Union | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 23 and 25, 1967 | Glassboro |
الولايات المتحدة
|
Lyndon B. Johnson | Alexei Kosygin | See Glassboro Summit Conference |
| May 22–30, 1972 | موسكو |
الاتحاد السوڤيتي
|
Richard Nixon | Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin | Signing of the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I), and the U.S.–Soviet Incidents at Sea Agreement. See Moscow Summit (1972). |
| 18-25 يونيو1973 | واشنطن العاصمة |
الولايات المتحدة
|
Richard Nixon | Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin | توقيع Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War. |
| June 28–July 3, 1974 | Moscow |
الاتحاد السوڤيتي
|
Richard Nixon | Leonid Brezhnev | Signing of the Threshold Test Ban Treaty (TTBT). |
| November 23–24, 1974 | Vladivostok |
الاتحاد السوڤيتي
|
Gerald Ford | Leonid Brezhnev | See Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control |
| July 30 and August 2, 1975 | Helsinki |
 فنلندا
|
Gerald Ford | Leonid Brezhnev | See Helsinki Accords and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |
| June 15–18, 1979 | ڤيينا |
النمسا
|
Jimmy Carter | Leonid Brezhnev | Signing of the second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II). |
Leonid Brezhnev meets with Richard Nixon during the Soviet leader's trip to the U.S. in June 1973
رتشارد نكسون يلتقي رئيس الوزراء برجنيڤ في مخطة منزل نكسون في سان حدثنتى، كاليفورنيا، 1973.
Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev signing SALT II Treaty, June 18, 1979، في ڤيينا
الحرب الباردة (1985–1991)
Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan sign the INF Treaty at the White House in December 1987
George H. W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev at the Helsinki summit in 1990
| التاريخ | المكان | البلد | رئيس الولايات المتحدة | الأمين العام أورئيس وزراء الاتحاد السوڤيتي | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19-21 نوفمبر 1985 | جنيڤ |
سويسرا
|
رونالد ريگان | Mikhail Gorbachev | See Geneva Summit |
| October 10–12, 1986 | ريكياڤيك |
 آيسلندا
|
Ronald Reagan | Mikhail Gorbachev | انظر قمة ريكياڤيك |
| December 7–10, 1987 | Washington, D.C. |
الولايات المتحدة
|
Ronald Reagan | Mikhail Gorbachev | Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit. |
| May 29–June 1, 1988 | موسكو |
الاتحاد السوڤيتي
|
Ronald Reagan | Mikhail Gorbachev | See Moscow Summit (1988). |
| December 7, 1988 | مدينة نيويورك |
الولايات المتحدة
|
Ronald Reagan | Mikhail Gorbachev | Also in attendance President-elect George H. W. Bush. Gorbachev left the summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day. |
| December 2–3, 1989 | Valletta |
 مالطا
|
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | See Malta Summit |
| May 30–June 3, 1990 | Washington, D.C. |
الولايات المتحدة
|
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | Signing of the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord |
| 9 سبتمبر 1990 | هلسنكي |
فنلندا
|
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | Discussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. |
| November 19, 1990 | Paris |
فرنسا |
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | Signing of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. |
| July 17, 1991 | London |
 المملكة المتحدة
|
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | Held in conjunction with the 17th G7 Summit. |
| July 30–31, 1991 | Moscow |
الاتحاد السوڤيتي
|
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | Signing of the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I). |
| October 29–30, 1991 | Madrid |
 إسپانيا
|
George H. W. Bush | Mikhail Gorbachev | Held in conjunction with the Madrid Conference of 1991. |
انظر أيضاً
- Arms control
- Cold War
- Détente
- Foreign policy of the United States
- Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
- List of international trips made by the President of the United States
- Nuclear disarmament
- Soviet Union–United States relations
الهامش
- ^ Fain III, W. Taylor "Chronology: US-Soviet summits, 1943-1991" Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine. US Department of State Dispatch, August 12, 1991
- ^ "Travels of President Franklin D. Roosevelt". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Presidents Travels to Russia". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2012-01-03.
- ^ "Travels of President Harry S. Truman". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Travels of President Dwight D. Eisenhower". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Visits By Foreign Leaders of Russia". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05.
- ^ "1959 Year In Review Khrushchev Visits the United States". United Press International. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05.
- ^ "Travels of President John F. Kennedy". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Travels of President Richard M. Nixon". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Travels of President Gerald R. Ford". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Travels of President Jimmy Carter". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Travels of President Ronald Reagan". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Travels of President George H. W. Bush". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 2011-12-04.
- ^ "Joint News Conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland September 9, 1990". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012.
وصلات خارجية
- Zbigniew Brzezinski interviewed about the summits from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
- "Address to the Nation on the Soviet-United States Summit Meeting December 10, 1987". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. Archived from the original on January 5, 2012.
- "Reagan, Gorbachev and Bush at Governor's Island". The National Security Archive. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05.
