روبل روسي

	روبل روسي ; Российский рубль (روسية)
[[Image:; \|126px\|2,000 ₽ and 200 ₽ banknotes (2017)]]	[[Image:\|126px\|Coins]]
2,000 ₽ and 200 ₽ banknotes (2017)	Coins
كود ISO 4217	RUB
المستعمل الرسمي	روسيا
Unofficial user(s)	Partially recognized; republics أبخازيا; اوستيا الجنوبية; Unrecognized republics جمهورية دونتسك الشعبية; نطقب:Country data Luhansk People's Republic; ;
التضخم	5.2% (April 2019)
طريقة القياس	CPI
الوحدة الأصغر
1⁄100	kopeyka (копейка)
الرمز	₽, руб / р. (colloquially)
kopeyka (копейка)	коп. / к.
جمع	The language(s) of this currency belong(s) to the Slavic languages. There is more than one way to construct plural forms. See article.
Coins
واسعة الاستعمال	1₽, 2₽, 5₽, 10₽
نادرة الاستعمال	1 коп.,خمسة коп.,عشرة коп., 50 коп.
Banknotes
واسعة الاستعمال	50₽, 100₽, 200₽, 500₽, 1,000₽, 2,000₽, 5,000₽
نادرة الاستعمال	5₽, 10₽
البنك المركزي	Bank of Russia
المسقط الالكتروني	[http://cbr.ru cbr.ru]
Printer	Goznak
Website	[http://goznak.ru goznak.ru]
Mint	Moscow Mint and Saint Petersburg Mint

الروبل (بالروسية: рубль) هوالوحدة الأساسية لعملة روسيا، والروبل هوالعملة الرسمية المتداولة اليوم في جميع من روسيا الاتحادية وروسيا البيضاء وترانسنيستريا (بريدنيستروفيه)، بالإضافة إلى اوسيتيا الجنوبية وأبخازيا.

يتكون الروبل من 100 كوبيك (بالروسية: копейка)، كما كان الروبل العملة المستخدمة في روسيا القيصرية والاتحاد السوفييتي السابق ولا يزال العملة الرئيسية لعدة من دول رابطة الدول المستقلة.

الفئات المتداولة

عملات معدنية متداولة: 1 كوبيك (نادر)،خمسة كوبيك (نادر)،عشرة كوبيك، 50 كوبيك، 1 روبل، 2 روبل،خمسة روبل،عشرة روبل.

أوراق نقدية متداولة:خمسة روبل (نادر)،عشرة روبل (نادر)، 50 روبل، 100 روبل، 500 روبل، 1000 روبل، 5000 روبل.

1 روبل 1998

التاريخ

كان الروبل عملة متداولة رسميا في الإمارات الروسية المتعددة، وإمارة موسكوالكبرى من القرن الثالث عشر حتى القرن الخامس عشر، ثم في موسكوبيا (القرن السادس عشر إلى القرن السابع عشر)، والامبراطورية الروسية في القرنان الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر ومطلع القرن العشرين، والاتحاد السوفيتي ٬القرن العشرين، وأخيرا في روسيا الإتحادية.

تعود تسمية الروبل إلى القرن الثالث عشر ومدينة نوفغورود في شمال غرب روسيا. وتقول بعض المصادر حتى أهالي نوفغورود أطلقوا عليه هذه التسمية اشتقاقا عن العمل الروسي "روبيت" أي "بتر". فكانت الروبلات بترا من الفضة نتجت عن بتر سبيكة نقدية فضية آنذاك اسمها "غريفنا". وينطق إذا السبيكة الفضية كات تبتر إلى أربعة أقسام أوقسمين أُطلق عليها تسمية "روبل" أي "مقطوع". يذكر الروبل لأول مرة في أواخر القرن الثالث عشر في مدوّنات الأسفار التاريخية التي تم العثور عليها في مدينة نوفغورود. كان الروبل حينذاك تعبير عن سبيكة فضية طولها 20 سنتيمترا وتزن 200 غرام. وكان الرحالة العربي ابن بطوطة يصف الروبل بأنه يعادلخمسة أواق عربية أو60 درهما. وبدأ سك الروبلات الفضية في القرن الخامس عشر إلى جانب عملة الـ"دينغا". وكان الروبل الواحد يضم 100 دينغا. وفي القرن السادس عشر ضم الروبل 100 كوبيكا أو200 دينغا. وبدأ السك المنتظم 100 روبل في عهد الأباطرة للروبل الفضي منذ عام 1704 حين كان يزن 28 غراما. في الفترة ما بين عام 1769 وعام 1849 كانت تتداول إلى جانب البتر النقدية "الروبل" أوراق مالية أطلق عليها روبل أيضا.

صدر عام 1897 الروبل المضىي الذي كان يعادل 0.774235 غرام من المضى. وجرت العادة حتى تُرسم صور الأباطرة الروس على الأوراق المالية الروسية. وكانت الورقة المالية بقيمة 25 روبلا تحمل صورة الإمبراطور ألكسندر الثالث، والورقة بقيمة 50 روبلا رسمت عليها صورة الإمبراطور نيكولاي الأول، وبقيمة 100 روبل رُسمت عليها صورة الإمبراطورة كاثرين العظيمة، وبقيمة 500 روبل - صورة الإمبراطور بطرس الأكبر.

في عام 1919 صدر أول روبل سوفييتي.

10 روبلات عام 1909

في 22 يناير عام 1991 بدأ الإصلاح النقدي السوفيتي الأخير، وقد سبقه الإصلاح النقدي لعام 1922 حيث تم ادخال العملة الصعبة المدعومة بالمضى إلى التداول النقدي في البلاد، وإصلاح عام 1947 حين تمت مصادرة ثلثي مدخرات الشعب في الإيداعات المصرفية التي تفوق مبلغعشرة آلاف روبل و90% من المدخرات خارج المصرف، والإصلاح النقدي لعام 1961 حين تمت مبادلة الاوراق النقدية بمثيلاتها بقيمة تعادل عشرها.

وقد أصدر الرئيس السوفيتي ميخائيل غورباتشوف يوم 22 يناير عام 1991 مرسوما يقضي بوقف تداول الأوراق النقدية من فئة 50 روبلا و100 روبل التي يعود إصدارها إلى عام 1961 . وبذلك تم شطب جميع المدخرات للمتقاعدين الذين كانوا يحتفظون بها في منازلهم. لكن الشعب لم يربط الإصلاح باسم غورباتشوف بل باسم رئيس الوزراء السوفييتي فالنتين بافلوف الذي تولّى هذا المنصب قبل الإصلاح ببضعة أيام. وقبل ذلك كان يشغل منصب وزير المالية. وبالعمل هوالذي طرح فكرة الإصلاح النقدي وقام بتطبيقها.

وخصصت الحكومة 72 ساعة فقط لمبادلة الأوراق المالية . وبموازاة ذلك قامت بتجميد الإيداعات في فروع مصرف المدخرات كلها. وسمحت السلطات بمبادلة 500 روبل فقط ما يعادل راتب شهريين في المتوسط. أما بقية الأموال فلم تقبل للمبادلة. وما يجدر الذكر حتى بافلوف كان قد تقدم قبل ذلك بإسبوعين ببيان أفاد فيه بعدم عزم الحكومة على إجراء أي إصلاح نقدي. وكان من المفترض حتى تساعد المفاجأة السلطات في مكافحة المضاربة والأرباح غير الشرعية وتزوير الاوراق النقدية والتهريب والفساد.

50000 روبل (1995)

في عام 1998 جرى إصلاح مالي آخر من شأنه تضخيم قيمة الروبل بحيث أصبح جميع روبل حديث يعادل 1000 روبل سابق. وحملت أوراق الروبل الجديد صور المدن الروسية بدلا من صور الحكام.

تحمل الورقة المالية الروسية الحالية بقيمةخمسة روبلات صورة آثار مدينة فيليكي نوفغورود، وورقة الـعشرة روبلات - آثار مدينة كراسنويارسك، وورقة الـ 50 روبلا - آثار مدينة بطرسبورغ، وورقة الـ 100 روبل - آثار مدينة موسكو، وورقة الـ 500 روبل - آثار مدينة أرخانغلسك، وورقة الـ 1000 روبل - آثار مدينة ياروسلافل ومدينة فلاديفوستوك، وورقة الـ5000 روبل - آثار مدينة خاباروفسك.

يضم الروبل الروسي الحالي 100 كوبيكا التي تشتق تسميتها عن لفظ "كوبو" أي الرمح الذي يقتل به القديس جورجيوس التنين. وكانت صورة القديس جورجيوس وهويحمل الرمح تنقش سابقا على العملة المعدنية الصغرى- كوبيكا. وتصدر حاليا بتر كوبيكا المعدنية بقيمة كوبيكا واحدة، وخمسة كوبيكات، وعشرة كوبيكات، و50 كوبيكا. كما تصدر البتر النقدية المعدنية الروسية بقيمة روبل واحد، وخمسة روبلات وعشرة روبلات.

الروبل عام 2010

10 روبلات (2011)

مع بدأ الأزمة المالية بداية عام 2010 تعيشُ روسيا هذه الأيام وضعاً اقتصادياً صعباً وانخفاضِ أسعارِ النفط، والانحدارَ الذي حل بالعُملةِ المحلية الروبل.الحكومة الروسية التي كانت قد اعلنت حتى الاقتصاد َالروسي ولج في فترة ِالركود، تُحاول حل َهذه المُعضلةِالاقتصادية وعلى رأسِها انخفاضُ قيمةِ الروبل.الروبل الروسي الذي بات تذروه رياح الأزمة المالية العالمية، تقلصت قيمته لمستويات قياسية. انخفاضاً أثر على الاقتصاد الروسي أوتأثر به مما نادى الحكومة إعلان دخول اقتصادها فترة الركود، كما تكهن مختصون بتراجع نموالناتج المحلي الإجمالي الروسي إلى أقل من اثنين بالمائة هذا العام نزولا من ستة بالمائة مقارنة بالعام المنصرم، ولم تتوقف مظاهر الأزمة الاقتصادية في روسيا على تراجع النموالاقتصادي وإنما بدأت تنعكس سلبا على ميزانية الدولة، حيث ستعاني من عجز سيصل إلى أكثر من خمسة في المئة من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي، وسيحدث هذا لأول مرة منذ عام الفين حيث كانت ميزانية الدولة تحقق فائضا كبيرا.

وفي ظل الأزمة لجأت الحكومة الروسية إلى تعويم العملة الوطنية بأكثر من ثلاثين في المائة منذ سبتمبر/ أيلول عام 2010، وتدافع الحكومة الروسية عن هذا الإجراء بحجة أنها لا ترغب في إنفاق ما لديها من احتياطي دولي للعملات الأجنبية على دعم ثمن صرف الروبل وبحجة حتى هذا التعويم سيؤدي إلى زيادة الطلب الخارجي على السلع الروسية.لذلك الآن الحكومة الروسية ستقوم بخلال عام 2010 بتقشف ووقف سهل لعملات الازدهار التي حدثت في الأعوام السابقة لتفادي الازمة المالية العالمية.

الروبل الأول (1992-1998)

Following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Soviet ruble remained the currency of the Russian Federation until 1992. A new set of coins was issued in 1992 and a new set of banknotes was issued in the name of Bank of Russia in 1993. The Russian ruble with the ISO 4217 code RUR and number 810 replaced the Soviet ruble at the rate 1 SUR = 1 RUR.

البنكنوت

In 1961, new State Treasury notes were introduced for 1, ثلاثة andخمسة rubles, along with new State Bank notes worth 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles. In 1991, the State Bank took over production of 1-, 3- and 5-ruble notes and also introduced 200-, 500- and 1,000-ruble notes, although the 25-ruble note was no longer issued. In 1992, a final issue of notes was made bearing the name of the USSR before the Russian Federation introduced 5,000- and 10,000-ruble notes. These were followed by 50,000-ruble notes in 1993, 100,000 rubles in 1995 and, finally, 500,000 rubles in 1997 (dated 1995).

Since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian ruble banknotes and coins have been notable for their lack of portraits, which traditionally were included under both the Tsarist and Communist regimes. With the issue of the 500-ruble note depicting a statue of Peter I and then the 1,000-ruble note depicting a statue of Yaroslav, the lack of recognizable faces on the currency has been partially alleviated.

SUR and RUR series banknotes
Series	Value	Obverse	Reverse	Issuer	Languages
1961	1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 rubles	Vladimir Lenin or views of the Moscow Kremlin	Value, and views of the Moscow Kremlin for 50 rubles or higher	USSR	multiple
1991	1, 3, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1,000 rubles			USSR	Russian
1992	50, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000 rubles			USSR for 1,000 rubles and lower Bank of Russia for 5,000 and 10,000 rubles	Russian
1993	100, 200, 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000 rubles	Moscow Kremlin with the tri-color Russian flag		Bank of Russia
1995	1,000, 5,000, 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 500,000 rubles	Same design as today's banknotes, where 1 new ruble = 1,000 old rubles. The 1,000 ruble note did not continue as a 1 new ruble note.		Bank of Russia

الروبل الثاني - (1998-الحاضر)

Worldwide official use of foreign currency or pegs. The ruble is used in Russia and the partially recognized states of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Donetsk People's Republic, and Luhansk People's Republic. ██ Russian ruble users, including the Russian Federation ██ US dollar users, including the United States ██ Currencies pegged to the US dollar ██ Euro users, including the Eurozone ██ Currencies pegged to the euro
██ Australian dollar users, including Australia ██ New Zealand dollar users, including New Zealand ██ South African rand users (CMA, including South Africa) ██ Indian rupee users and pegs, including India ██ Pound sterling users and pegs, including the United Kingdom
██ Special drawing rights or other currency basket pegs ██ Three cases of a country using or pegging the currency of a neighbour

In 1998 the Russian ruble was redenominated with the new ISO 4217 code "RUB" and number 643, and was exchanged at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 RUR. The redenomination was an administrative step that reduced the unwieldiness of the old ruble but occurred on the brink of the 1998 Russian financial crisis. The ruble lost 70% of its value against the US dollar in the six months following this financial crisis.

رمز الروبل

The "ruble" symbol used throughout the 17th century, composed of the Russian letters "Р" and "У".

The ruble sign

A currency symbol was used for the ruble between the 16th century and the 18th century. The symbol consisted of the Russian letters "Р" (rotated 90° counter-clockwise) and "У" (written on top of it). The symbol was placed over the amount number it belonged to. This symbol, however, fell into disuse by the mid-19th century.

No official symbol was used during the final years of the Empire, nor was one introduced in the Soviet Union. The characters R and руб. were used and remain in use today, though they are not official.

In July 2007, the Central Bank of Russia announced that it would decide on a symbol for the ruble and would test 13 symbols. This included the symbol РР (the initials of Российский Рубль "Russian ruble"), which received preliminary approval from the Central Bank. However, one more symbol, a Р with a horizontal stroke below the top similar to the Philippine peso sign, was proposed unofficially. Proponents of the new sign claimed that it is simple, recognizable and similar to other currency signs. This symbol is also similar to the Armenian letter ք or the Latin letter Ꝑ.

On 11 December 2013, the official symbol for the ruble became نطقب:Russian ruble, a with a single added horizontal stroke, though the abbreviation "руб." is in wide use. In Unicode version 7.0 it was assigned the encoding U+20BD ₽ ruble sign (HTML ₽).

On أربعة February 2014, the Unicode Technical Committee during its 138th meeting in San Jose accepted U+20BD ₽ ruble sign symbol for Unicode version 7.0; the symbol was then included into Unicode 7.0 released on 16 June 2014. In August 2014, Microsoft issued updates for all of its mainstream versions of Microsoft Windows that enabled support for the new ruble sign.

The ruble sign can be entered on a Russian computer keyboard as AltGr+8 on Windows and Linux, or AltGr+Р (Qwerty H position) on macOS.

العملات

In 1998, the following coins were introduced in connection with the ruble revaluation:

Currently circulating coins
Image		Value	Technical parameters			Description			Years of minting
Reverse	Obverse	Value	Diameter	Mass	Composition	Edge	Obverse	Reverse	Years of minting
		1 коп.	15.5 mm	1.5 g	Cupronickel-steel	Plain	Saint George	Value	1997–2009 2014, 2017
		5 коп.	18.5 mm	2.6 g	Cupronickel-steel	Plain	Saint George	Value	1997–2009 2014, 2017
		10 коп.	17.5 mm	1.95 g	Brass	Reeded	Saint George	Value	1997–2006
		10 коп.	17.5 mm	1.85 g	Brass-plated steel	Plain			2006–2015
		50 коп.	19.5 mm	2.90 g	Brass	Reeded			1997–1999 2002–2006
		50 коп.	19.5 mm	2.75 g	Brass-plated steel	Plain			2006–2015
		1₽	20.5 mm	3.25 g	Cupronickel	Reeded	Emblem of the Bank of Russia	Value	1997–1999 2005–2009
				3.00 g	Nickel-plated steel		Emblem of the Bank of Russia		2009–2015
				3.00 g	Nickel-plated steel		Coat of arms of Russia		2016
		2₽	23 mm	5.10 g	Cupronickel	Segmented (Plain and Reeded edges)	Emblem of the Bank of Russia		1997–1999 2006–2009
				5.00 g	Nickel-plated steel		Emblem of the Bank of Russia		2009–2015
				5.00 g	Nickel-plated steel		Coat of arms of Russia		2016
		5₽	25 mm	6.45 g	Cupronickel-clad copper		Emblem of the Bank of Russia		1997–1998 2008–2009
				6.00 g	Nickel-plated steel		Emblem of the Bank of Russia		2009–2015
				6.00 g	Nickel-plated steel		Coat of arms of Russia		2016
		10₽	22 mm	5.63 g	Brass-plated steel	Segmented (plain and reeded edges)	Emblem of the Bank of Russia	Value	2009–2013, 2015
		10₽	22 mm	5.63 g	Brass-plated steel	Segmented (plain and reeded edges)	Coat of arms of Russia	Value	2016

One- and 5-kopek coins are rarely used (especially the 1-kopek coin) due to their low value and in some cases may not be accepted by stores or individuals. In some cases, the 10-kopek coin is disregarded (refused by individuals but is accepted by vendors and is mandatory for offer in exchange).^[]

These coins began being issued in 1998, although some of them bear the year 1997. Kopek denominations all depict St George and the Dragon, and all ruble denominations (with the exception of commemorative pieces) depict the double headed eagle. Mint marks are denoted by "СП" or "M" on kopeks and the logo of either the Saint Petersburg or Moscow mint on rubles. Since 2000, many bimetallic 10-ruble circulating commemorative coins have been issued. These coins have a unique holographic security feature inside the "0" of the denomination 10.^[]

In 2008, the Bank of Russia proposed withdrawing 1- and 5-kopek coins from circulation and subsequently rounding all prices to multiples ofعشرة kopeks, although the proposal has not been realized yet (though characteristic "x.99" prices are treated as rounded in exchange).^[] The Bank of Russia stopped minting one-kopek and five-kopek coins in 2012, and kopeks completely in 2018.

The material of 1-, 2- and 5-ruble coins was switched from copper-nickel-zinc and copper-nickel clad to nickel-plated steel in the second quarter of 2009. Ten and 50 kopeks were also changed from brass to brass-plated steel.^[]

In October 2009, a new 10-ruble coin made of brass-plated steel was issued, featuring optical security features. The 10-ruble banknote would have been withdrawn in 2012, but a shortage of 10-ruble coins prompted the Central Bank to delay this and put new ones in circulation. Bimetallic commemorative 10-ruble coins will continue to be issued.^[]

A series of circulating Olympic commemorative 25-ruble coins started in 2011. The new coins are made of cupronickel.^[] A number of commemorative smaller denominations of these coins exist in circulation as well, depicting national historic events and anniversaries.

The Bank of Russia issues other commemorative non-circulating coins ranging from 1 to 50,000 rubles.

البنكنوت

On 1 January 1998 a new series of banknotes dated 1997 was released in denominations of 5₽, 10₽, 50₽, 100₽ and 500₽. The 1,000₽ banknote was first issued on 1 January 2001 and the 5,000₽ banknote was first issued on 31 July 2006. Modifications to the series were made in 2001, 2004, and 2010.

In April 2016, the Central Bank of Russia announced that it will introduce two new banknotes—200₽ and 2,000₽—in 2017. In September 2016, a vote was held to decide which symbols and cities will be displayed on the new notes. In February 2017, the Central Bank of Russia announced the new symbols. The 200₽ banknote will feature symbols of Crimea: the Monument to the Sunken Ships, a view of Sevastopol, and a view of Chersonesus. The 2,000₽ banknote will bear images of the Russian Far East: the bridge to Russky Island and the Vostochny Cosmodrome in the Amur Oblast.

In 2018 the Central Bank issued a 100-ruble "commemorative" banknote designed to recognize Russia's role as the host of the 2018 World Cup soccer tournament. The banknote is printed on a polymer substrate, and has several transparent portions as well as a hologram. Despite the note being intended for legal tender transactions, the Central Bank has simultaneously refused to allow its own Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) to recognize or accept it.

1997 series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing*	issue	withdrawal	lapse
		5₽	137 × 61 mm	The Millennium of Russia monument on background of Saint Sophia Cathedral in Veliky Novgorod	Fortress wall of the Novgorod Kremlin	"5", Saint Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod	1997	1 January 1998	Current, but not issued since 2001. Very rarely seen in circulation.
		10₽	150 × 65 mm	Kommunalny Bridge across the Yenisei River in Krasnoyarsk and Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Chapel	Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric plant	"10", Paraskeva Pyatnitsa Chapel	1997 2001 2004		Current, but not issued since January 2010. Still in use, but rarely seen in circulation.
		50₽		A Rostral Column sculpture on background of Petropavlosk Fortress in Saint Petersburg	Old Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange and Rostral Columns	"50", Peter and Paul Cathedral			Current
		100₽		Quadriga on the portico of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow	The Bolshoi Theatre	"100", The Bolshoi Theatre
		500₽		Monument to Peter the Great, sailing ship and sea terminal in Arkhangelsk	Solovetsky Monastery	"500", Monument to Peter the Great	1997 2001 2004 2010	1 January 1998
		1,000₽	157 × 69 mm	Monument to Yaroslav I the Wise and the Lady of Kazan Chapel in Yaroslavl	John the Baptist Church in Yaroslavl	"1,000", Monument to Yaroslav I the Wise	1997 2004 2010	1 January 2001
		5,000₽	157 × 69 mm	Monument to Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky in Khabarovsk	Khabarovsk Bridge over the Amur	"5,000", Head of the monument to Muravyov-Amursky	1997 2010	31 July 2006
هذه الصور بمقياس 0.7 پكسل لكل millimeter. لمعايير الجدول، انظر جدول مواصفات الأوراق النقدية. Each new banknote series has enhanced security features, but no major design changes. Banknotes printed after 1997 bear the fine print "модификация 2001г." (or later date) meaning "modification of year 2001" on the left watermark area.

2017 series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing	issue	withdrawal	lapse
		200₽	150 × 65 mm	View of Sevastopol and the Monument to the Sunken Ships (by sculptor Amandus Adamson)	View of Chersonesus	Monument to the Sunken Ships and electrotype "200"	2017	12 October 2017	Current
		2,000₽	157 × 69 mm	Russky Bridge	Vostochny Cosmodrome	Russky Bridge and electrotype "2000"	2017	12 October 2017	Current

الطبع

QR codes from 200₽ and 2,000₽ banknotes

All Russian ruble banknotes are currently printed at the state-owned factory Goznak in Moscow, which was founded onستة June 1919 and operated ever since. Coins are minted in Moscow and at the Saint Petersburg Mint, which has been operating since 1724.

100-ruble bill controversy

Onثمانية July 2014 State Duma deputy and Vice-Chairman of the Duma Regional Political Committee Roman Khudyakov alleged that the image of Apollo driving Quadriga on the portico of the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow on the 100-ruble banknote constitutes pornography that should only be available to persons over the age of 18. Since it is impractical to limit the access of minors to banknotes, he requested in his letter to the Governor of the Bank of Russia Elvira Nabiullina to immediately change the design of the banknote.

Khudyakov, a member of parliament for the LDPR party stated, "You can clearly see that Apollo is naked, you can see his genitalia. I submitted a parliamentary request and forwarded it directly to the head of the central bank asking for the banknote to be brought into line with the law protecting children and to remove this Apollo." Khudyakov's efforts did not lead to any changes being made to the design.

جدل القرم

On 13 October 2017, the National Bank of Ukraine issued a decree forbidding the country's banks, other financial institutions and Ukraine's state postal service to circulate Russian banknotes, which use images of Crimea, a territory that is regarded as Russian-occupied by Ukraine and the vast majority of UN member states. The NBU stated that the ban applies to all financial operations, including cash transactions, currency exchange activities and interbank trade. Crimea is featured on three banknotes that are currently in circulation – the 100 ruble commemorative notes issued in 2015 and 2018, as well as the 200 ruble note issued in 2017.

Commemorative banknotes

Commemorative banknote series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Description			Date of
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Dimensions	Obverse	Reverse	Watermark	printing*	issue	withdrawal	lapse
		100₽	150 × 65 mm	A snowboarder and some of the Olympic venues of the Sochi coastal cluster.	Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi	2014 Winter Olympics logo	2014	30 October 2013	Current
		100₽	150 × 65 mm	Monument to Sunken Ships in Sevastopol bay and a fragment of a painting by Ivan Aivazovsky.	Swallow's Nest castle, Yevpatoria RT-70 radio telescope, and a green stripe containing a QR code linking to the Bank of Russia webpage containing historical information relating to the commemorative banknote	Portrait of Empress Catherine the Great	2015	23 December 2015
		100₽	150 × 65 mm	A boy with a ball under his arm looking up as Lev Yashin saves a ball.	A stylized image of the globe in the form of a football with a green image of the Russia's territory (including Crimea) outlined on it, as well as the name of the 2018 FIFA World Cup host cities	The number 2018	2018	22 May 2018

On 30 October 2013, a special banknote in honour of the 2014 Winter Olympics held in Sochi was issued. The banknote is printed on high-quality white cotton paper. A transparent polymer security stripe is embedded into the paper to make a transparent window incorporating an optically variable element in the form of a snowflake. The highlight watermark is visible in the upper part of the banknote. Ornamental designs run vertically along the banknote. The front of the note features a snowboarder and some of the Olympic venues of the Sochi coastal cluster. The back of the note features the Fisht Olympic Stadium in Sochi. The predominant colour of the note is blue.

On 23 December 2015, another commemorative 100-ruble banknote was issued to celebrate the "reunification of Crimea and Russia". The banknote is printed on light-yellow-coloured cotton paper. One side of the note is devoted to Sevastopol, the other one—to Crimea. А wide security thread is embedded into the paper. It comes out on the surface on the Sevastopol side of the banknote in the figure-shaped window. A multitone combined watermark is located on the unprinted area in the upper part of the banknote. Ornamental designs run vertically along the banknote. The Sevastopol side of the note features the Monument to Sunken Ships in Sevastopol bay and a fragment of the painting "Russian Squadron on the Roads of Sevastopol" by Ivan Aivazovsky. The Crimea side of the note features the Swallow's Nest, a decorative castle and local landmark. In the lower part of the Sevastopol side of the banknote in the green stripe there is a QR-code containing a link to the Bank of Russia's webpage, which lists historical information related to the banknote. The predominant colour of the note is olive green.

On 22 May 2018, a special banknote to celebrate the 2018 FIFA World Cup was issued. The banknote is printed on polymer. The top part of the note bears a transparent window that contains a holographic element. The design of the note is vertically oriented. The main images of the obverse are a boy with a ball under his arm and a goalkeeper diving for a ball. The main image of the reverse is a stylized image of the globe in the form of a football with green image of the Russian territory outlined on it. On the reverse there is the number 2018 that marks both the issue of the banknote and the World Cup, as well as the name of the host cities in the Russian language. The bottom right corner of the obverse bears a QR-code, which contains a link to the page of the Bank of Russia website with the description of the note's security features. Predominant colours of the note are blue and green.

أسعار الصرف الحالية

Current RUB exchange rates

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المصادر

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