دولوميت (سلسلة جبال)
| Dolomites | |
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بالايطالية: Dolomiti بالألمانية: Dolomiten | |
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The Western Dolomites in Gherdëina
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| أعلى نقطة | |
| القمة | Marmolada |
| الارتفاع | 3,343 م (10,968 قدم) |
| البروز | P2660 |
| العزلة | P2659 |
| الإحداثيات | Coordinates: |
| الجغرافيا | |
 Dolomites Location of the Dolomites in the Alps
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| البلد | Italy |
| Province | Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino |
| السلسلة الأم | Alps |
| الجيولوجيا | |
| التجبل | Alpine orogeny |
| عمر الصخر | Mostly Triassic |
| نوع الصخر | Sedimentary rocks, including dolomite, and volcanics |
| مسقط تراث عالمي حسب اليونسكو | |
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The Three Peaks of Lavaredo
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| السمات | Natural: vii, viii |
| مراجع | 1237 |
| التدوين الرقمي | 2009 (33rd Session) |
| المساحة | 141,902.8 ha |
| منطقة عازلة | 89,266.7 ha |
الدولوميت (Dolomites ؛ بالايطالية: Dolomiti النطق بالإيطالية: [doloˈmiːti]؛ باللادينية: Dolomites؛ بالألمانية: Dolomiten [doloˈmɪtn̩] ( listen)؛ ڤنتسية: Dołomiti [doɰoˈmiti]: فريولي: Dolomitis) هي سلسلة جبال تقع في شمال شرق إيطاليا. ويشكلوا جزءاً من Southern Limestone Alps وتمتد من River Adige في الغرب إلى Piave Valley (Pieve di Cadore) في الشرق. The northern and southern borders are defined by the Puster Valley and the Sugana Valley (Italian: Valsugana). الدولوميت تتقاسمها بالتساوي تقريباً مقاطعات بلونووجنوب التيرول وترنتينو.
Other mountain groups of similar geological structure are spread along the River Piave to the east – Dolomiti d'Oltrepiave; and far away over the Adige River to the west – (Western Dolomites). A smaller group is called Piccole Dolomiti (Little Dolomites), located between the provinces of Trentino, Verona، وVicenza (see map).
The Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park and many other regional parks are located in the Dolomites. In August 2009, the Dolomites were declared a مسقط تراث عالمي حسب اليونسكو.
أصل الاسم
الدولوميت، التي تُعهد أيضاً بإسم "الجبال الشاحبة"، تأخذ اسمها من حجر الكربونات الدولوميت. This was named after the 18th-century French mineralogist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu (1750–1801), who was the first to describe the mineral.
التاريخ
During the First World War, the front line between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian forces ran through the Dolomites, where both sides used mines extensively. Open-air war museums are located at Cinque Torri (Five Towers) and Mount Lagazuoi. Many people visit the Dolomites to climb the vie ferrate, protected paths through the minefields that were created during the war.
A number of long-distance footpaths traverse the Dolomites. They are called alte vie (high paths), and are numbered 1 to 8. The trails take about a week to walk, and are served by numerous rifugi (huts). The first and the most renowned is the Alta Via 1. Radiocarbon dating has been used in the Alta Badia region to demonstrate a connection between landslide activity and climate change.
Geography
The region is commonly divided into the Western and Eastern Dolomites, separated by a line following the Val Badia – Campolongo Pass – Cordevole Valley (Agordino) axis.
Current classification
The Dolomites may be divided into the following ranges:
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السياحة
The Dolomites are renowned for skiing in the winter months and mountain climbing, hiking, cycling, and BASE jumping, as well as paragliding and hang gliding in summer and late spring/early autumn.Free climbing has been a tradition in the Dolomites since 1887, when 17-year-old Georg Winkler soloed the first ascent of the pinnacle Die Vajolettürme. The main centres include: Rocca Pietore alongside the Marmolada Glacier, which lies on the border of Trentino and Veneto, the small towns of Alleghe, Falcade, Auronzo, Cortina d'Ampezzo and the villages of Arabba, Urtijëi and San Martino di Castrozza, as well as the whole of the Fassa, Gardena and Badia valleys.
The Maratona dles Dolomites, an annual single-day road bicycle racing race covering seven mountain passes of the Dolomites, occurs in the first week of July.
Other characteristic places are:
- Mount Pasubio and Strada delle 52 Gallerie (a military mule road built during World War I with 52 tunnels)
- Altopiano di Asiago and Calà del Sasso, with 4444 steps, the world's longest staircase open to the public.
القمم الرئيسية
| الاسم | متر | قدم | الاسم | متر | قدم |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marmolada | 3,343 | 10,968 | Pala di San Martino | 2,982 | 9,831 |
| Antelao | 3,264 | 10,706 | Rosengartenspitze / Catinaccio | 2,981 | 9,781 |
| Tofana di Mezzo | 3,241 | 10,633 | Cima di Fradusta | 2,941 | 9,715 |
| Sorapiss | 3,229 | 10,594 | Cimon del Froppa | 2,932 | 9,649 |
| Cristallo | 3,221 | 10,568 | Monte Agnèr | 2,872 | 9,416 |
| Monte Civetta | 3,220 | 10,564 | Fermedaturm | 2,867 | 9,407 |
| Cima di Vezzana | 3,192 | 10,470 | Cima d'Asta | 2,848 | 9,344 |
| Cimon della Pala | 3,184 | 10,453 | Cima di Canali | 2,846 | 9,338 |
| Langkofel / Sassolungo | 3,181 | 10,427 | Croda Grande | 2,839 | 9,315 |
| Monte Pelmo | 3,168 | 10,397 | Vajoletturm / Torri del Vajolet (highest) | 2,821 | 9,256 |
| Dreischusterspitze | 3,162 | 10,375 | Sass Maor | 2,816 | 9,239 |
| Boespitze / Piz Boè (Sella group) | 3,152 | 10,342 | Cima di Ball | 2,783 | 9,131 |
| Hohe Gaisl (Croda Rossa d'Ampezzo) | 3,148 | 10,329 | Cima della Madonna (Sass Maor) | 2,751 | 9,026 |
| de (Gran Vernel) | 3,145 | 10,319 | Rosetta | 2,741 | 8,993 |
| Piz Popena | 3,143 | 10,312 | Croda da Lago | 2,716 | 8,911 |
| Grohmannspitze (Langkofel) | 3,126 | 10,256 | Central Grasleitenspitze | 2,705 | 8,875 |
| Zwölferkofel | 3,094 | 10,151 | Schlern | 2,562 | 8,406 |
| Elferkofel | 3,092 | 10,144 | Sasso di Mur | 2,554 | 8,380 |
| Piz dles Cunturines | 3,064 | 10,052 | Cima delle Dodici | 2,338 | 7,671 |
| Sass Rigais (Geislerspitzen) | 3,025 | 9,925 | Monte Pavione | 2,336 | 7,664 |
| Kesselkogel (Rosengarten) | 3,004 | 9,856 | Cima Palon | 2,239 | 7,346 |
| Tre Cime di Lavaredo (Drei Zinnen) | 2,999 | 9,839 | Cima di Posta | 2,235 | 7,333 |
| Fünffingerspitze | 2,997 | 9,833 | Geierwand | 2,088 | 6,850 |
الممرات الرئيسية
| Name | metres | feet |
|---|---|---|
| Ombretta Pass (Campitello to Caprile), footpath | 2,738 | 8,983 |
| Langkofeljoch (Gröden Valley to Campitello), footpath | 2,683 | 8,803 |
| Tschagerjoch (Karersee to the Vajolet Glen), footpath | 2,644 | 8,675 |
| Grasleiten Pass (Vajolet Glen to the Grasleiten Glen), footpath | 2,597 | 8,521 |
| Pravitale Pass (Rosetta Plateau to the Pravitale Glen), footpath | 2,580 | 8,465 |
| Comelle Pass (same to Cencenighe), footpath | 2,579 | 8,462 |
| Rosetta Pass (San Martino di Castrozza to the great limestone Rosetta plateau), footpath | 2,573 | 8,442 |
| Vajolet Pass (Tiers to the Vajolet Glen), footpath | 2,549 | 8,363 |
| Canali Pass (Primiero to Agordo), footpath | 2,497 | 8,193 |
| Tierseralpljoch (Campitello to Tiers), footpath | 2,455 | 8,055 |
| Ball Pass (San Martino di Castrozza to the Pravitale Glen), footpath | 2,450 | 8,038 |
| Forcella di Giralba (Sexten to Auronzo), footpath | 2,436 | 7,992 |
| Col dei Bos (Falzarego Glen to the Travernanzes Glen), footpath | 2,313 | 7,589 |
| Forcella Grande (San Vito to Auronzo), footpath | 2,262 | 7,422 |
| Pordoi Pass (Arabba to Val di Fassa), road | 2,250 | 7,382 |
| Sella Pass (Gröden Valley to Val di Fassa), road | 2,244 | 7,362 |
| Giau Pass (Cortina to Val Fiorentina), road | 2,236 | 7,336 |
| Tre Sassi Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), footpath | 2,199 | 7,215 |
| Valparola Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), road | 2,168 | 7,113 |
| Mahlknechtjoch (Upper Duron Glen to the Seiser Alp), footpath | 2,168 | 7,113 |
| Gardena Pass (Gröden Valley to Colfuschg), road | 2,121 | 6,959 |
| Falzarego Pass (Caprile to Cortina), road | 2,117 | 6,946 |
| Fedaja Pass (Val di Fassa to Caprile), bridle path | 2,046 | 6,713 |
| Valles Pass (Paneveggio to Falcade), road | 2,032 | 6,667 |
| Würzjoch (Eisacktal to Val Badia), road | 2,003 | 6,572 |
| Rolle Pass (Predazzo to San Martino di Castrozza and Primiero), road | 1,984 | 6,509 |
| Forcella Forada (Caprile to San Vito), bridle path | 1,975 | 6,480 |
| San Pellegrino Pass (Moena to Cencenighe), road | 1,910 | 6,267 |
| Campolongo Pass (Corvara to Arabba), road | 1,875 | 6,152 |
| Forcella d'Alleghe (Alleghe to the Zoldo Glen), footpath | 1,820 | 5,971 |
| Tre Croci Pass (Cortina to Auronzo), road | 1,808 | 5,932 |
| Furkel Pass (Mareo to Olang), road | 1,759 | 5,771 |
| Karerpass or Costalunga Pass (Welschnofen to Vigo di Fassa), road | 1,753 | 5,751 |
| Kreuzbergpass or Monte Croce Pass (Innichen and Sexten to the Piave Valley and Belluno), road | 1,638 | 5,374 |
| Ampezzo Pass (Toblach to Cortina and Belluno), path | 1,544 | 5,066 |
| Cereda Pass (Primiero to Agordo), road | 1,372 | 4,501 |
| Toblach Pass (Bruneck to Lienz), railway | 1,209 | 3,967 |
المنتزهات الرئيسية
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انظر أيضاً
- Alta Via 1
- بلونو
- Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park
- Strada delle 52 Gallerie
- Via Ferrata
- White Friday (1916)
- Brenta Group
المراجع
- ^ Saussure le fils, M. de (1792): "Analyse de la dolomite". Journal de Physique, vol. 40, pp. 161–173.
- ^ Borgatti, Lisa; Soldati, Mauro (2010-08-01). "Landslides as a geomorphological proxy for climate change: A record from the Dolomites (northern Italy)". Geomorphology. Landslide geomorphology in a changing environment. 120 (1–2): 56–64. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.09.015.
- ^ Robert Draper (2015-08-16). "In Italy, Hiking and Haute Cuisine in the Dolomites - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
- ^ Ingrid K. Williams. "36 Hours in the Dolomites - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
- ^ Huber, Alex. "The Perfect Perfume". Rock and Ice Magazine. Archived from the original on 2008-02-15.
- ^ Amy Tara Koch. "Hut Skiing in the Dolomites: Storybook Scenery and Grappa Included - The New York Times". Nytimes.com. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
ببليوگرافيا
- Provincia di Belluno, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano-Alto Adige Autonome Provinz Bozen-Südtirol, Provincia di Pordenone, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Provincia di Udine, Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia, 2008. Nomination of the Dolomites for inscription on the World Natural Heritage List UNESCO. Nomination Document. 363 pp. https://web.archive.org/web/20131225070444/http://fondazionedolomitiunesco.org/documentazione-2/01_DOLOMITES_nomination_document_jan2008_1236608233_1294933181.pdf
- "HD Pictures of the main areas of the Dolomites". Bruno Mandolesi.
- "360 degree panorama Dolomites". SiMedia Srl. Archived from the original on 26 January 2011. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- Roger. "Walks and Via Ferrata in the Dolomites". CommunityWalk.com. Retrieved 14 April 2010.
- "Strada delle 52 Gallerie". Eclectica.
- "Monte Piana in the Dolomites". Eclectica. August 21, 2006.
- "Via Ferrata Lagazuoi Tunnels". Eclectica. August 9, 2006.
- "Up to the Turquoise Lake". Eclectica. August 1, 2006.
وصلات خارجية
- Franco Grisa Timelapse
- North of Italy in 4K - Bashir Abu Shakra
- Dolomites on Hike.uno
- Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it
- Report on the via ferrata Bocchette di Brenta
نطقب:National parks of Italy نطقب:Southern Limestone Alps
