ملوك فرنسا حكموا، في البداية كملوك ولاحقاً كإمبراطورات (البوناپرتيون فقط)، منذ تأسيس مملكة فرنسا في العصور الوسطى حتى 1870. وهناك بعض الاختلاف حول متى برزت فرنسا للوجود. أحد التواريخ المحتملة هوتأسيس المملكة الفرنكية المروڤنجية من قِبل كلوڤيس الأول في 486 مع هزيمة سياگريوس، آخر مسئول روماني في بلاد الغال. حكام تلك المملكة أطيح بهم في القرن الثامن. معاهدة ڤردن أسست مملكة فرنسيا الغربية في 843.

In light of these trends, this article lists all rulers to have held the title "King of France" or "King of the Franks". For other Frankish monarchs, see List of Frankish Kings.

Carolingian Interregnum (737–743)

The last Merovingian kings, known as the lazy kings (rois fainéants) did not hold any real political power, while the Mayor of the Palace governed instead. When Theuderic IV died in 737, Mayor of the Palace Charles Martel left the throne vacant and continued to rule until his own death in 741. His son Pepin the Short briefly restored the Merovingian dynasty by raising Childeric III to the throne in 743, only to depose him in 751.

Merovingian Dynasty, Restored (743–752)

Carolingian Dynasty (752–987)

Three of the twelve kings during the 147 year Carolingian Dynasty, Odo, his brother Robert I and Robert's son in law Raoul/Rudolph, were not from the Carolingian Dynasty but from the rival Robertian Dynasty, named for Robert the Strong (father of Odo and Robert I). The Robertian Dynasty became the Capetian Dynasty with the ascent to the throne of Hugh Capet (son of Hugh the Great, son of Robert I) in 987. The rise and fall of Carolingian Charles III played out during the ascent of these Robertian kings.

Capetian Dynasty (987–1792)

The Capetian Dynasty, the male-line descendants of Hugh Capet, ruled France continuously from 987 to 1792 and again from 1814 to 1848. The branches of the dynasty which ruled after 1328, however, are generally given the specific branch names of Valois and Bourbon.

Direct Capetians (987 to 1328)

Not listed above are Hugh Magnus, eldest son of Robert II, and Philip of France, eldest son of Louis VI; both were co-Kings with their fathers (in accordance with the early Capetian practice whereby Kings would crown their heirs in their own lifetimes and share power with the co-king), but predeceased them. Because neither Hugh nor Philip were sole or senior king in their own lifetimes, they are not traditionally listed as Kings of France, and are not given ordinals.

بيت ڤالوا (1328–1589)

Valois–Orléans Branch (1498–1515)

Valois–Angoulême Branch (1515–1589)

House of Bourbon (1589–1792)

From January 21, 1793 to June 8, 1795, Louis XVI's son Louis-Charles was the titular King of France as Louis XVII; in reality, however, he was imprisoned in the Temple throughout this duration, and power was held by the leaders of the Republic. Upon Louis XVII's death, his uncle (Louis XVI's brother) Louis-Stanislas claimed the throne, as Louis XVIII, but only became de facto King of France in 1814.

First Republic (1792–1804)

The First French Republic lasted from 1792 to 1804, when its First Consul, Napoléon Bonaparte, declared himself Emperor of the French.

Bonaparte Dynasty, First Empire (1804–1814)

Capetian Dynasty, House of Bourbon, Restored (1814–1815)

أسرة بوناپرت، الامبراطورية الأولى، مستعادة (المائة يوم، 1815)

من 22 يونيوحتىسبعة يوليو1815، اعتبر البوناپرتيون حتى ابن ناپليون الأول، ناپليون الثاني، هوالوريث الشرعي للعرش، his father having abdicated in his favor. However, the young child's reign was entirely fictional, as he was residing in Austria with his mother. Louis XVIII was reinstalled as king on July 7.

Capetian Dynasty, House of Bourbon, Restored (1815–1830)

The elder son and heir of Charles X, the Dauphin Louis-Antoine, is occasionally considered to have legally been the King of France as Louis XIX in the 20 minutes that passed between Charles X's formal signature of abdication and the Dauphin's own signature.
Henri d'Artois, Charles X's grandson, was considered by monarchists to be the titular King of France, as Henry V from August 2, 1830 to August 9, 1830, but his reign remained largely fictional, as he acceeded in a revolutionary context and hence was never recognized by the French State. He is generally not accounted for in lists of official French monarchs.

الأسرة الكاپتية, بيت اورليانز (ملكية يوليو1830–1848)

الجمهورية الثانية (1848–1852)

The Second French Republic lasted from 1848 to 1852, when its president, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, was declared Emperor of the French.

Bonaparte Dynasty, الامبراطورية الثانية، مستعادة (1852–1870)

حكومة الدفاع الوطني (كميون باريس 1870–1871)

The transition period between the fall of the Second Empire after the capture of Napoleon III by the Prussians and the assumption of the Third Republic by General Louis Jules Trochu.

رؤوس الدولة بعد 1871

The chronology of Head of State of France continues with the Presidents of the French Republic and short term interim periods by the Chief of State of the French State (1940–1944), the Chairman of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–1946) and the president of the French Senate (1969 and 1974) during the Fifth Republic.

مطالبون لاحقون

Various pretenders descended from the preceding monarchs have claimed to be the legitimate monarch of France, rejecting the claims of the President of France, and of each other. These groups are:

• Legitimist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of the Bourbons, rejecting all heads of state since 1830. Unionists recognized the Orléanist claimant after 1883.
• Orléanist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of Louis-Phillippe, a cadet Bourbon, rejecting all heads of state since 1848.
• Bonapartist claimants to the throne of France—descendants of Napoleon I and his brothers, rejecting all heads of state 1815–52, and since 1870.
• Jacobite claimants to the throne of France—descendants of King Edward III of England and thus his claim to the French throne (renounced by Hanoverian King George III upon union with Ireland), also claiming Scotland, and Ireland.

انظر أيضاً

• Coronation of the French monarch
• Bourbon family tree
• English and French monarchs overlap chart
• English Kings of France
• Kings of France family tree
• Members of the French Royal Families
• Style of the French sovereign

الهامش

المصادر

• Edward James, The Origins of France: Clovis to the Capetians 500-1000. ISBN 0-333-27052-5.
• Edward James, The Franks. Blackwell: 1991. ISBN 0-631-17936-4.
• The history of France as recounted in the Grandes Chroniques de France, and particularly in the personal copy produced for King Charles V between 1370 and 1380 that is the saga of the three great dynasties, the Merovingians, Carolingians, and the Capetian Rulers of France, that shaped the institutions and the frontiers of the realm. It should be noted that this work was commissioned at a time that France was embroiled in the Hundred Years' War with England, a war fought over hereditary claims to the throne of France. It must therefore be read with a careful eye toward biases meant to justify the Capetian claims of continuity and inheritance.
• The Cambridge Illustrated History of France. Cambridge University Press.
• Paul Fouracre and Richard A. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-4791-9.
• Patrick Geary, Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford: Oxford U. Press, 1988. ISBN 0-19-504458-4.
• Patrick Geary, The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-691-11481-1.