تروليباص
Irisbus Cristalis trolleybus in ليون، فرنسا
Solaris trolleybus in Landskrona, Sweden
A double-deck trolleybus in Reading, England, 1966
Busscar trolleybus in São Paulo, Brazil
Van Hool trolleybus in Genoa, Italy
Trolleybus in Ghent
التروليباص Trolleybus، ويسمى أيضاً حافلة الشارع، وهوحافلة كهربائية، وإما حتىقد يكون على دواليب فولاذية ويسير على سكة حديدية كالترام أوعلى دواليب مطاطية كالحافلة العادية. ويسير على الإسفلت ويمتاز من الأول بقدرته على التحرك بحرية والانحراف قليلاً عن مساره بحسب السير. يتغذى الترولي باص بتيار مستمر جهده 1500- 3000 فولت من قضيب في أعلاه، وتراوح سرعته بين 40 و45كم/سا ويتسع لنحو40-70 راكباً.
خلفية
The "Elektromote", the world's first trolleybus, in Berlin, Germany, 1882
An MBTA (Boston) low-floor trolleybus near Harvard Square, Cambridge, USA. The "offside" door (on the left-hand side of the bus, despite the right-hand traffic) is peculiar to buses using the Harvard Square station in Cambridge
A trolleybus in Qingdao, China
التصميم
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المميزات
A San Francisco Muni trolleybus climbing Nob Hill
Irisbus Cristalis trolleybus in Limoges, France
Trolleybus wire switch
Indicator for a wire switch
Pole bases with springs and pneumatic pole lowering cylinders
Insulated poles, contact shoes, and pull-ropes
العيوب
التحديثات الأخيرة
اعتبارات أخرى
تبديل الأسلاك
المصنعون
حاليا
Trolleybus garage (depot) in San Francisco, USA, with a range of Muni's trolleybuses dating from 1976 to 2003. On the left is an ETI (Skoda/AAI) 14TrSF trolleybus, which type replaced the non-accessible Flyer trolleybuses in the center. On the right is an articulated New Flyer trolleybus, one of 60 articulated ETBs built by New Flyer for Muni in 1993-94
- Astra Bus (Romania)
- Belkommunmash
- VDL Berkhof
- Bogdan
- Bashkir Trolleybus Plant (BTZ), Ufa
- BredaMenarinibusIT (owned by Finmeccanica)
- Busscar (Brazil)
- CAIO InduscarPT (Brazil)
- DesignLine (New Zealand)
- Electrotrans-Service
- Eletra Industrial Ltda (Brazil)
- ELBO (Greece)
-
Fiat Group
-
Iveco
- Irisbus (with electrical equipment by Škoda Works)
-
Iveco
- Hess
- LiAZ
- LuAZ
- LAZ
- Mercedes-Benz
- MAZ
- MTRZ
- New Flyer Industries or Flyer Industries
- PTMZ
- Škoda Transportation
- Solaris Bus & Coach (with electrical equipment by Ganz (owned by Škoda) and DP Ostrava)
- SOR LibchavyCS, PL (with electrical equipment by Škoda)
- Sunwin
- TransAlfa
- Trolza, major producer in Russia
- Van Hool
- Viseon Bus (formerly Neoplan's trolleybus production)
- Volvo
- Volgograd transport & mashinery plant
- YuMZ - Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
- Youngman
- ZIU (Uritsky) – see Trolza
شركات سابقة
Preserved vintage trolleybus made by FIAT for the Piraeus-Kastella line in Greece (1939)
1954 CCF-Brill trolleybus in Edmonton
- Alfa Romeo, Italy
- AM General, USA
- AnsaldoBreda and predecessors Ansaldo Trasporti and Breda Costruzioni Ferroviarie (but a related company, BredaMenarinibus, is still making trolleybuses), Italy
- Aviant Aircraft Factory, Kiev, Ukraine
- Associated Equipment Company, UK
- Berna, Switzerland
- British United Traction, UK
- Chavdar, Bulgaria
- Crossley Motors, UK
- Daimler Motor Company, UK
- Dennis Specialist Vehicles, UK
- Electric Transit, Inc., USA-based joint venture
- Fiat (subsidiary Irisbus is still manufacturing trolleybuses), Italy
- FBW, Switzerland
- Gräf & Stift, Austria
- Guy Motors, UK
- Henschel. Germany
- Hispano-Suiza, Spain
- Ikarus, Hungary
- J.G. Brill, USA
- Jelcz, Poland
- Lancia, Italy
- Leyland Motors, UK
- Mafersa, Brazil
- Marmon-Herrington, USA
- Menarini, Italy – acquired by Breda in 1989, forming BredaMenarinibus
- MASA (Mexicana de Autobuses SA) - now part of Volvo, Mexico
- NAW, Switzerland
- Neoplan, Germany (see Viseon Bus, above)
- Neoplan USA
- Pegaso, Spain
- Praga, Czech Republic
- Pullman-Standard, USA
- Richard Garrett & Sons, UK
- Rocar, Romania
- Saurer, Switzerland
- Salvador Caetano, Portugal
- St. Louis Car Company, USA
- Socimi, Italy
- Sunbeam, UK
- Tatra, Czech Republic
- Tushino Mechanical Plant, Russia
- Twin Coach, USA
- Vétra, France
- Yaroslavl motor plant, Russia
الأنواع
قائمة تروليباص الأسطح المنخفضة
- ARC: 187Tr
- Belkommunmash: AKSM (or BKM)- 221, 321, 333, 420
- Bogdan: E231, T501, T601, T701, T801, T901
- Busscar: Urbanuss Pluss
- DesignLine
-
Hess (or Carrosserie Hess)
- Eurotrolley 3
- Swisstrolley 3
- lighTram 3
- Ikarus: 411T, 412T
- Irisbus: Civis, Cristalis, Citelis
- JUMZ: E186
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LAZ
- ElectroLAZ: E183, E301
- MAN: NMT222
- MAZ: 103T, 203T
- Mercedes-Benz: O405NE, O405GNTD, O530Tr12
- MTRZ: 5238, 5279, 6232
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Neoplan
- N6014/6021/6121
- Electroliner: N6216/N6221/N6316/N6321
- New Flyer Industries: E40LFR, E60LFR
- Rocar: E812
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Solaris
- Trollino: 12, 15, 18
- Sor: TN12, TNB12, TNB18
- Škoda: 21Tr, 22Tr, 24Tr, 25Tr, 26Tr, 27Tr, 28Tr, 30Tr, 31Tr
- TrolZa: Megapolis
- Van Hool: A300T, A330T, AG300T
- Volvo: 7000T, B7Tr12
- Jelcz: M121E
تروليباص ذوطابقين
The last trolleybus to operate in Northern Ireland was this double-decker shown travelling on the Shore Road, Belfast in 1968
الاستخدامات
أفريقيا
آسيا واوقيانوسيا
أرمنيا
أستراليا
الصين
تروليباص في شنغهاي
الهند
إيران
A تروليباصات في Rahahan Square.
اليابان
منغوليا
نيبال
نيوزيلندا
A new-model Designline trolleybus operating in Wellington in December 2008
كوريا الشمالية
A trolleybus near Pyongyang Railway Station (2007)
هجريا
اوروپا
النمسا
بلاروس
Belkommunmash AKSM-420 in Minsk, Belarus, in 2007
بلجيكا
البوسنة والهرسك
بلغاريا
التشيك
الدنمارك
إستونيا
Solaris T18AC in Tallinn
فنلندا
فرنسا
ألمانيا
اليونان
Outside Piraeus station in 2010
المجر
إيطاليا
تروليباص في بولنيا.
لاتڤيا
ليتوانيا
مولدوڤا
هولندا
النرويج
بولندا
البرتغال
رومانيا
تروليباص في Baia Mare
روسيا
صربيا
A Belkommunmash AKSM-32100S trolleybus in Belgrade
سلوڤاكيا
سلوڤنيا
A postcard of Piran, Austria-Hungary (nowadays Slovenia) from 1909. The Tartini Square and the former trolleybus (in operation between 1909 and 1912) are shown.
إسپانيا
السويد
سويسرا
A double-articulated Carrosserie Hess lighTram ثلاثة in Zürich (24.7 m)
هجريا
اوكرانيا
المملكة المتحدة
A Derby Corporation trolleybus in 1967. This vehicle is preserved in running order at the Black Country Living Museum.
أمريكا الشمالية
كندا
One of Vancouver's New Flyer E60LFR articulated trolleybuses, on route 20.
المكسيك
الولايات المتحدة
SEPTA trackless trolley on Frankford Avenue in Philadelphia in 2010
أمريكا الجنوبية
الأرجنتين
تروليباصات فيقرطبة، الأرجنتين
البرازيل
تشيلي
Various trolleybuses in Valparaíso, Chile
كولومبيا
الإكوادور
پيرو
اوروگواي
ڤنزويلا
انظر أيضا
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| بوابة حافلات |
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هوامش
- ^ غسان الجابي. "الحافلة الكهربائية". الموسوعة العربية. Retrieved 2012-01-25.
- ^ G. Cebrat. "Greenfleet". Greenfleet.info. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
- ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 281 (September–October 2008), p. 109.
خط
- Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia. Trolleybooks (UK). ISBN 0-904235-18-1
- Sebree, Mac; and Ward, Paul (1973). Transit's Stepchild, The Trolley Coach (Interurbans Special 58). Los Angeles: Interurbans. LCCN 73-84356
- Sebree, Mac; and Ward, Paul (1974). The Trolley Coach in North America (Interurbans Special 59). Los Angeles: Interurbans. LCCN 74-20367
- Porter, Harry; and Worris, Stanley F.X. (1979). Trolleybus Bulletin No. 109: Databook II. North American Trackless Trolley Association (defunct)
- Dunbar, Charles S. (1967). Buses, Trolleys & Trams. Paul Hamlyn Ltd. (UK) [republished 2004 with ISBN 0-7537-0970-8 or 9780753709702]
دوريات
- Trolleybus Magazine (ISSN 0266-7452). National Trolleybus Association (UK), bi-monthly
- Trackless, Bradford Trolleybus Association, quarterly
- Trolleybus, British Trolleybus Society (UK), monthly
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Trolleybus. |
- TrolleyMotion - an international action group to promote modern trolleybus systems (+ database of systems in the world)
- British Trolleybuses
- Trolleybuses in Latin America
- North American trolleybus pictures
- All-time list of North American trolleybus systems, accessed 30 January 2004
- Bibliography of the electric trolleybus (Richard DeArmond)
- The Electric Trolleybus Web Site
- Trolleybuses in Europe
- (بالروسية) Trolleybus cities of Russia
