قائمة رؤوس الدولة في الأرجنتين
الأرجنتين |
هذه الموضوعة هي جزء من سلسلة: |
|
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دول أخرى • أطلس بوابة السياسة |
هذه قائمة رؤوس الدولة في الأرجنتين. منذ حرب الاستقلال حتى الآن.
حرب الاستقلال
الرؤساء العسكريون
صورة | الاسم (وُلد–توفى) |
فترة المنصب | هوامش | مصادر |
---|---|---|---|---|
كورنليوساڤدرا (1759–1829) |
25 مايو1810 – 26 أغسطس 1811 | President of the Primera Junta and the Junta Grande, at the beginning of the Argentine War of Independence. He had conflicts with Mariano Moreno about government's policy. Left government to serve in the Army of the North. He is regarded as the first president of a national government. | ||
Domingo Matheu (1765–1831) |
26 أغسطس 1811 – 23 سبتمبر 1811 | President of the Junta Grande, from Saavedra's departure to the dissolution of it. |
الحكم الثلاثي
الأعضاء (وُلد–توفى) فترة المنصب | |||
---|---|---|---|
الحكم الثلاثي الأول | |||
Feliciano Chiclana (1761–1826) |
Manuel de Sarratea (1774–1849) |
Juan José Paso (1758–1833) |
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (1776–1850) |
23 سبتمبر 1811 –ثمانية أكتوبر 1812 | 23 سبتمبر 1811 –ثمانية أكتوبر 1812 | 23 سبتمبر 1811 – 23 مارس 1812 | 23 مارس 1812 –ثمانية أكتوبر 1812 |
— | تنحى | خلف پاسو | |
الحكم الثلاثي الثاني | |||
Juan José Paso (1758–1833) |
نيكولاس رودريگز پنيا (1775–1853) |
Antonio Álvarez Jonte (1784–1820) |
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas (1757–1833) |
8 أكتوبر 1812 – 31 يناير 1814 | 8 أكتوبر 1812 – 31 يناير 1814 | 8 أكتوبر 1812 – 19 أغسطس 1813 | 19 أغسطس 1813 – 31 يناير 1814 |
— | تنحى | خلف ألڤارز خونته |
الحاكم الأعلى
صورة | الاسم (وُلد–توفى) |
فترة المنصب | الهوامش | المصادر |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas (1757–1833) |
Chosen by the Assembly of the Year 1813. | |||
Carlos María de Alvear (1789–1852) |
Forced to resign by a mutiny | |||
José Rondeau (1773–1844) |
Appointed successor of Alvear, could not take office because he was in command of the Army of the North | |||
Ignacio Álvarez Thomas (1787–1857) |
Acting, for Rondeau. Convened the Congress of Tucumán, that would declare Independence. | |||
Antonio González de Balcarce (1774–1819) |
مؤقت | |||
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón (1776–1850) |
أول رأس دولة في الأردنتين بعد اعلان استقلالها. دعم عبوالإنديز. | |||
José Rondeau (1773–1844) |
Decisively defeated at the Battle of Cepeda by Federalist forces opposed to the 1819 centralist Constitution. | |||
Juan Pedro Aguirre (1781–1837) |
Interim. Dissolved the National Congress and endorsed the Buenos Aires Cabildo to choose a Governor for Buenos Aires Province. |
الحكومة الرئاسية الأولى
# | صورة | الاسم (وُلد–توفى) |
فترة المنصب — الحزب السياسي |
الهوامش |
المصادر | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Bernardino Rivadavia (1780–1845) |
8 فبراير 1826 | 7 يوليو1827 | Elected by the Constituent Assembly of 1826, before the promulgation of the 1826 constitution. He waged the Cisplatine War. Resigned as the constitution was rejected by the provinces and the outcome of the war generated popular discontent. | |||
Unitarian | |||||||
2 |
Vicente López y Planes (1785–1856) |
7 يوليو1827 | 18 أغسطس 1827 | Elected as interim president by the Constituent Assembly of 1826. His mandate was limited to close the Assembly and call for elections for a new governor of Buenos Aires. | |||
حكومة بوينس أيرس لادارة العلاقات الخارجية
صورة | الاسم (وُلد–توفى) |
فترة المنصب — الحزب السياسي |
الهوامش |
المصادر | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manuel Dorrego (1787–1828) |
18 أغسطس 1827 | 13 ديسمبر 1828 | Ended the Cisplatine War. Deposed and executed by Juan Lavalle | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Juan Lavalle (1797–1841) |
13 ديسمبر 1828 | 26 أغسطس 1829 | Coup d'état. Defeated in Battle, resigned under siege | ||||
Unitarian | |||||||
Juan José Viamonte (1774–1843) |
26 أغسطس 1829 | 5 ديسمبر 1829 | مؤقت | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Juan Manuel de Rosas (1793–1877) |
6 ديسمبر 1829 | 5 ديسمبر 1832 | First term. Convened the Federal Pact and waged war against the Unitarian League. Resigned | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Juan Ramón Balcarce (1773–1836) |
17 ديسمبر 1832 | 5 نوفمبر 1833 | Ousted by the Revolution of the Restorers | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Juan José Viamonte (1774–1843) |
5 نوفمبر 1833 | 1 أكتوبر 1834 | مؤقت | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Manuel Vicente Maza (1779–1839) |
1 أكتوبر 1834 | 7 مارس 1835 | مؤقت. | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Juan Manuel de Rosas (1793–1877) |
7 مارس 1835 | 3 فبراير 1852 | Governor with the sum of public power. Waged the Argentine and Uruguayan Civil Wars, the War of the Confederation and the French and Anglo-French blockade of the Río de la Plata. Designated "Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation" in 1851. Defeated by Justo José de Urquiza at the Battle of Caseros. | ||||
فدرالي | |||||||
Justo José de Urquiza (1801–1870) |
3 فبراير 1852 | 5 مارس 1854 | Governor of Entre Ríos Province. Governed as "Provisional Director of the Argentine Confederation", from which Buenos Aires Province seceded on 11 September 1852. | ||||
فدرالي |
الرؤساء
# | صورة | الاسم (وُلد–توفى) |
فترة المنصب — الحزب السياسي |
الهوامش |
المصادر | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 |
Justo José de Urquiza (1801–1870) |
5 مارس 1854 | 5 مارس 1860 | Elected by the electoral college. President of the Argentine Confederation. The reincoporation of the State of Buenos Aires was negotiated after the 1859 Battle of Cepeda. | |||
فدرالي | |||||||
4 |
Santiago Derqui (1809–1867) |
5 مارس 1860 | 4 نوفمبر 1861 | Indirect elections. On October 18, 1860, a Constitutional reform is adopted, proclaiming the Argentine Republic. Resigned after the national government lost the Battle of Pavón to Buenos Aires Province. | |||
فدرالي | |||||||
5 |
Juan Esteban Pedernera (1796–1886) |
4 نوفمبر 1861 | 12 ديسمبر 1861 | Vice-president under Derqui, assumed the presidency after his resignation. Resigned on the dissolution of the national government. | |||
6 |
Bartolomé Mitre (1821–1906) |
12 ديسمبر 1861 | 12 أكتوبر 1862 | Governor of Buenos Aires Province. Acting President, confirmed by the National Congress on May 1862 | |||
12 أكتوبر 1862 | 12 أكتوبر 1868 | Indirect elections. First president of the unified country. Waged the War of the Triple Alliance. | |||||
Liberal Party (PL) | |||||||
7 |
دومينگوفاوستينوسارمينتو (1811–1888) |
12 أكتوبر 1868 | 12 أكتوبر 1874 | Indirect elections. Ended the War of the Triple Alliance. | |||
8 |
Nicolás Avellaneda (1837–1885) |
12 أكتوبر 1874 | 12 أكتوبر 1880 | Indirect elections. Federalization of Buenos Aires City in September 1880. | |||
National Party (PN) | |||||||
9 |
Julio Argentino Roca (1843–1914) |
12 أكتوبر 1880 | 12 أكتوبر 1886 | Indirect elections. First term. | |||
National Autonomist Party (PAN) | |||||||
10 |
Miguel Juárez Celman (1844–1909) |
12 أكتوبر 1886 | 6 أغسطس 1890 | Indirect elections. Resigned following the Revolution of the Park. | |||
PAN – PN | |||||||
11 |
Carlos Pellegrini (1846–1906) |
6 أغسطس 1890 | 12 أكتوبر 1892 | Vice-president under Juárez Celman, assumed the presidency after his resignation. | |||
PAN | |||||||
12 |
Luis Sáenz Peña (1822–1907) |
12 أكتوبر 1892 | 22 يناير 1895 | Indirect elections. Resigned. | |||
PAN | |||||||
13 |
José Evaristo Uriburu (1831–1914) |
22 يناير 1895 | 12 أكتوبر 1898 | Vice-president under Sáenz Peña, assumed the presidency after his resignation. | |||
PAN | |||||||
14 |
Julio Argentino Roca (1843–1914) |
12 أكتوبر 1898 | 12 أكتوبر 1904 | Indirect elections. Second term. | |||
PAN | |||||||
15 |
Manuel Quintana (1835–1906) |
12 أكتوبر 1904 | 25 يناير 1906 | Indirect elections. Resigned for health reasons, died two months later. | |||
PAN | |||||||
16 |
José Figueroa Alcorta (1860–1931) |
25 يناير 1906 | 12 أكتوبر 1910 | Vice-president under Quintana, assumed the presidency after his resignation. | |||
PAN | |||||||
17 |
Roque Sáenz Peña (1851–1914) |
12 أكتوبر 1910 | 9 أغسطس 1914 | Indirect elections. Promoted the Sáenz Peña law, which allowed secret, universal and mandatory suffrage. Died in office. | |||
PAN – Modernist | |||||||
18 |
Victorino de la Plaza (1840–1919) |
9 أغسطس 1914 | 12 أكتوبر 1916 | Vice-president under Sáenz Peña, assumed the presidency after his death. | |||
PAN | |||||||
19 |
Hipólito Yrigoyen (1852–1933) |
12 أكتوبر 1916 | 12 أكتوبر 1922 | Free indirect elections. First president elected under the Sáenz Peña law. First term. Maintained neutrality during الحرب العالمية الأولى. | |||
Radical Civic Union (UCR) | |||||||
20 |
Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear (1868–1942) |
12 أكتوبر 1922 | 12 أكتوبر 1928 | Free indirect elections. | |||
UCR | |||||||
21 |
Hipólito Yrigoyen (1852–1933) |
12 أكتوبر 1928 | 6 سبتمبر 1930 | Free indirect elections. Second term, ousted from office by a civico-military coup. | |||
UCR | |||||||
22 |
José Félix Uriburu (1868–1932) |
6 سبتمبر 1930 | 20 فبراير 1932 | First coup d'etat in modern Argentine history. Beginning of the Infamous Decade. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
23 |
Agustín Pedro Justo (1876–1943) |
20 فبراير 1932 | 20 فبراير 1938 | Indirect elections held with fraud, the UCR was proscribed. | |||
Concordancia | |||||||
24 |
Roberto María Ortiz (1886–1942) |
20 فبراير 1938 | 27 يونيو1942 | عقدت انتخابات مباشرة شابها التزوير. توفى في المنصب. | |||
UCR-A – Concordancia | |||||||
25 |
Ramón Castillo (1873–1944) |
27 يونيو1942 | 4 يونيو1943 | Vice-president under Ortiz, assumed the presidency after his death. Deposed in a coup d'état. End of the Infamous Decade. | |||
PDN – Concordancia | |||||||
26 |
Arturo Rawson (1885–1952) |
4 يونيو1943 | 7 يونيو1943 | انقلاب. بداية ثورة 43. عُزل من المنصب. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
27 |
Pedro Pablo Ramírez (1884–1962) |
7 يونيو1943 | 9 مارس 1944 | انقلاب. عُزل من المنصب. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
28 |
Edelmiro Julián Farrell (1887–1980) |
11 مارس 1944 | 4 يونيو1946 | Coup d'etat. Declared war to the Axis powers. Called elections. End of the Revolution of '43. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
29 |
خوان پـِرون (1895–1974) |
4 يونيو1946 | 4 يونيو1952 | Free indirect elections. First term. Reelection enabled by the Constitution of 1949. | |||
حزب العمال | |||||||
4 يونيو1952 | 20 سبتمبر 1955 | Free direct elections. Second term. First election to allow women's suffrage. Victory with 62,49% of votes, highest victory in Argentine elections. Ousted from office by a military coup. | |||||
Justicialist Party (PJ) | |||||||
30 |
Eduardo Lonardi (1896–1956) |
23 سبتمبر 1955 | 13 نوفمبر 1955 | انقلاب. بداية ثورة التحرير. عُزل من المنصب. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
31 |
Pedro Eugenio Aramburu (1903–1970) |
13 نوفمبر 1955 | 1 مايو1958 | Coup d'etat. The 1949 Constitution is repealed and the 1853 Constitution is restored. Call for elections with Peronism proscribed. End of the Revolución Libertadora. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
32 |
Arturo Frondizi (1908–1995) |
1 مايو1958 | 29 مارس 1962 | Indirect elections with Peronism proscribed. Ousted from office by a military coup. | |||
UCRI | |||||||
33 |
José María Guido (1910–1975) |
29 مارس 1962 | 12 أكتوبر 1963 | Provisional President of the Senate, acting as president since the removal of Frondizi, as the civil procedures to replace the deposed president were followed and Vice President Alejandro Gómez had resigned in 1958. | |||
UCRI | |||||||
34 |
Arturo Umberto Illia (1900–1983) |
12 أكتوبر 1963 | 28 يونيو1966 | Indirect elections with Peronism proscribed. Ousted from office by a military coup. | |||
UCRP | |||||||
35 |
Juan Carlos Onganía (1914–1995) |
29 يونيو1966 | 8 يونيو1970 | Coup d'etat. First ruler of the Revolución Argentina. Ousted from office. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
36 |
Roberto M. Levingston (و. 1920) |
8 يونيو1970 | 23 مايو1971 | انقلاب. عُزل من المنصب. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
37 |
Alejandro A. Lanusse (1918–1996) |
26 مايو1971 | 25 مايو1973 | Coup d'etat. Last ruler of the Revolución Argentina. Called for elections. Peronism proscription lifted. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
38 |
Héctor José Cámpora (1909–1980) |
25 مايو1973 | 13 يوليو1973 | Free direct elections. First Peronist president after the proscription. Cámpora annulled the proscription that remained specifically over خوان پـِرون, and resigned. The Vice President, Vicente Solano Lima, resigned with him. | |||
Justicialist Front for National Liberation (FJL) | |||||||
39 |
Raúl Alberto Lastiri (1915–1978) |
13 يوليو1973 | 12 أكتوبر 1973 | Interim. President of the Chamber of Deputies, assumed the presidency after Cámpora's and Solano Lima's resignations. Alejandro Díaz Bialet, President of the Senate and ahead of Lastiri in the succession line, was on a diplomatic mission in Africa at that time. | |||
FJL | |||||||
40 |
خوان پـِرون (1895–1974) |
12 أكتوبر 1973 | 30 يونيو1974 | انتخابات حرة مباشرة. فترة ثالثة. توفى في المنصب. | |||
FJL – PJ | |||||||
41 |
إزابل پـِرون (و. 1931) |
30 يونيو1974 | 24 مارس 1976 | نائب الرئيس خوان پـِرون, assumed the presidency after his death. First female president in the Americas. Ousted from office by a military coup. Ítalo Argentino Lúder served as acting President from 13 September 1975 until 16 October 1975. |
|||
FJL – PJ | |||||||
42 |
خورخه رفائل ڤيدلا (1925–2013) |
29 مارس 1976 | 29 مارس 1981 | Coup d'etat. President of the Military Junta. First ruler of the National Reorganization Process. Longest government of a de facto ruler. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
43 |
Roberto Eduardo Viola (1924–1994) |
29 March 1981 | 12 December 1981 | Appointed by Videla as President of the Military Junta. Ousted from office. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
44 |
Leopoldo Galtieri (1926–2003) |
22 ديسمبر 1981 | 17 يونيو1982 | Coup d'etat. President of the Military Junta. Waged the Falklands War (بالاسپانية: Guerra del Atlántico Sur). Ousted from office. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
45 |
رينالدوبنيونه (و. 1928) |
1 يوليو1982 | 10 ديسمبر 1983 | Coup d'etat. Last ruler of the National Reorganization Process. Called for elections. | |||
عسكري | |||||||
46 |
Raúl Alfonsín (1927–2009) |
10 ديسمبر 1983 | 8 يوليو1989 | Free indirect elections. The 1989 presidential elections were anticipated. Alfonsín resigned during the transition and gave power to كارلوس منعم six months in advance. | |||
UCR | |||||||
47 |
كارلوس منعم (و. 1930) |
8 يوليو1989 | 8 يوليو1995 | Free indirect elections. First term. The 1994 amendment of the Argentine Constitution reduced the presidential term to four years and allowed a single consecutive reelection. | |||
8 يوليو1995 | 10 ديسمبر 1999 | انتخابات حرة مباشرة. فترة ثانية. | |||||
PJ | |||||||
48 |
Fernando de la Rúa (و. 1937) |
10 ديسمبر 1999 | 20 ديسمبر 2001 | Free direct elections. Faced a severe economic crisis. Resigned after the December 2001 riots. His Vice-president Carlos Álvarez had resigned in October 2000, so the Congress Assembled appointed a new President. | |||
UCR – Alianza | |||||||
49 |
Adolfo Rodríguez Saá (و. 1947) |
22 ديسمبر 2001 | 30 ديسمبر 2001 | Elected by the Assembly for three months, with instructions to call for elections. Resigned. | |||
PJ | |||||||
50 |
Eduardo Duhalde (و. 1941) |
2 يناير 2002 | 25 مايو2003 | Elected by the Assembly, with instructions to complete De la Rúa's term. Called early elections for 27 April 2003, and resigned. | |||
PJ | |||||||
51 |
نستور كيرشنر (1950–2010) |
25 مايو2003 | 10 ديسمبر 2007 | Free direct elections. The law that allowed Duhalde to resign gave the new president both the four-year mandate and the remaining months of De la Rúa's term. Kirchner lost the first round to كارلوس منعم, but the latter forfeited the second round that should have followed. | |||
FPV – PJ | |||||||
52 |
كرستينا فرنانديز ده كيرشنر (و. 1953) |
10 ديسمبر 2007 | 10 ديسمبر 2011 | Free direct elections. First term. First female president of Argentina elected as head of the list. | |||
10 December 2011 | شاغر | انتخابات حرة مباشرة. فترة ثانية. شاغر | |||||
FPV – PJ |
خط زمني
rejoins Argentina
الانتماءات
Colour key
██ Unitarian (19th Century Centralists) ██ Federal (19th Century Federalists) ██ Liberal - (19th Century Liberals) ██ National Autonomist Party (1874–1916) ██ Radicals - UCR (founded 1891), UCR-A (1924–1946), UCRI (1956–1972), UCRP (1957–1972), Alianza (UCR, FREPASO) (1997–2001) ██ Concordance - Concordancia (UCR-A, PSI, PDN) (1931–1943) ██ Peronists - Laborist (1945–1947), PJ (founded 1947), FJL (1972–1974), FPV (since 2003) ██ Military (Acting on behalf of the Armed Forces)
Alianza | Alianza por el Trabajo, la Justicia y la Educación | Alliance for Work, Justice and Education (1997–2001) (UCR, FREPASO) |
Aut | Partido Autonomista | Autonomist Party (1862–1874) |
Conc | Concordancia | Concordance (1931–1943) (UCR-A, PSI, PDN) |
Fed | Federal | 19th Century Federals |
FJL | Frente Justicialista de Liberación Nacional (FREJULI) | Justicialist Front for National Liberation (1972–1974) |
FPV | Frente para la Victoria | Front for Victory (since 2003) |
Lab | Partido Laboriousta | Labour Party (1945–1947) |
Lib | Liberal | 19th Century Liberals |
Mil | Military | Acting on behalf of the Armed Forces |
Mod | Partido Autonomista Nacional (línea modernista) | National Autonomist Party -Modernist (1892–1916) |
PAN | Partido Autonomista Nacional | National Autonomist Party (1874–1916) |
PDN | Partido Demócrata Nacional | National Democratic Party (1931–1955) |
PJ | Partido Justicialista | Justicialist Party (founded 1947) |
UCR | Unión Cívica Radical | Radical Civic Union (founded 1891) |
UCR-A | UCR Antipersonalista | Anti-Yrigoyenist UCR (1924–1946) |
UCRI | Unión Cívica Radical Intransigente | Radical Civic Union -Intransigent (1956–1972) |
UCRP | Unión Cívica Radical del Pueblo | Radical Civic Union of the People (1957–1972) |
Unitarian | Unitario | 19th Century Centralists |
edit this box |
انظر أيضاً
- رئيس الأرجنتين
- سياسة الأرجنتين
- قائمة نواب رؤساء الأرجنتين
المراجع
- Mendelevich, Pablo (2010). El Final (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones B. ISBN .CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Rosa, José María (1974). Historia Argentina (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Editorial Oriente S.A.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
-
Abal Medina (h.), Juan; Suárez Cao, Julieta (2003). "Análisis crítico del sistema electoral argentino. Evolución histórica y desempeño efectivo". Revista de Ciencias Sociales (in Spanish). Bernal: National University of Quilmes. 14. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
المصادر
- ^ “Buenos Aires, diciembre 16 de 1829.- El primer comandante de Patricios, el primer presidente de un gobierno patrio, pudo sólo quedar olvidado en su fallecimiento por las circunstancias calamitosas en que el país se hallaba. Después que ellas han terminado, sería una ingratitud negar a ciudadano tan eminente el tributo de honor rendido a su mérito, y a una vida ilustrada con tantas virtudes, que supo consagrar entera al servicio de su patria. El gobierno, para cumplir un deber tan sagrado, acuerda y decreta: Artículo 1º: En el cementerio del Norte se levantará, por cuenta del gobierno, un monumento en que se depositarán los restos del brigadier general D. Cornelio Saavedra. Artículo 2º: Se archivará en la Biblioteca Pública un manuscrito autógrafo del mismo brigadier general, con arreglo a lo que previene el decreto deستة de octubre de 1821. Artículo 3º: Comuníquese y publíquese. Rosas – Tomás Guido”.
- ^ Rosa, vol. II, p.199-306
- ^ Rosa, vol. II, p. 306-319
- ^ Rosa, Vol. III, p. 75-114
- ^ Rosa, vol. III, p. 114-129
- ^ Rosa, vol. III, p. 143
- ^ Rosa, vol. III, p. 143-160
- ^ Rosa, vol. III, p. 160
- ^ Rosa, vol. III, p. 161-242
- ^ Rosa, vol. III, p. 242-253
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 23-32
- ^ Rosa, vol. V, p.73-97
- ^ Rosa, vol. IV, p.97-117
- ^ Rosa, vol. IV, p 127-129
- ^ Rosa, vol. IV, p. 129-171
- ^ Rosa. vol. IV, p. 186-196
- ^ Rosa, vol. IV, p. 198-204
- ^ Rosa, vol. IV, p. 206-213
- ^ Rosa, vol. IV p. 219 - vol. V p. 489
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 38-41
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 42-45
- ^ Mendelevich, p.46-52
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 53-56
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 57-65
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 66-72
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 73-79
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 80-88
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 89-101
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 102-112
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 113-125
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 126-129
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>
غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةJusto
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 130-135
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 136-155
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 145
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 156-176
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 177-186
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 187-195
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 193
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 196-214
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 215-228
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 223
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 229-235
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 236-241
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 242-245
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 247-252
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 253-262
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 263-277
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 278-282
- ^ Mendelevich, p. 283-292
وصلات خارجية
- Rulers.org — الأرجنتين قائمة حكام الأرجنتين