الانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية 1848

United States presidential election, 1848
All 290 electoral votes of the Electoral College; 145 electoral votes needed to win
	Presidential election results map. Blue denotes states won by Cass/Butler, Orange denotes those won by Taylor/Fillmore. Numbers indicate the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
President before election; James K. Polk; ديمقراطي	Elected President ; Zachary Taylor; ويگ

مع حتى نشوب الحرب مع المكسيك قد أدى إلى النقاش في الكونجرس حول مسألة الرق ؛ إلا ان كلا الحزبين لم يجعل من هذ المسألة نقطة نقاش في الحملة الانتخابية . لقد رشح الحزب الديمقراطي لويس كاس من ولاية ميتشجان ، اما حزب الوجز فقد رشح بطل الحرب المكسيكية الجنرال زاكري تيلر ، مالك الرقيق من ولاية لويزيانا ، وقد رشح ميلارد فيلمور من ولاية نيويورك نائبا للرئيس . كما ظهر حزب ثالث من الفئات التي تجمعت من أحزاب أخرى ، واتفقت على فكرة معارضة نظام الرق . وقد ضم هذا الحزب بعض اتباع حزب الحرية وبعض أتباع حزب الوجز منالمعارضين لنظام الرق ، ثم بعض الديمقراطيين المعارض للرق أيضا ، ولقد تسمى هذا الحزب بحزب (الأرض الحرة) . مرشحا مارتن فان بيورن ، الرئيس الأسبق . وبسبب انقسام الديمقراطيين على أنفسهم في ولاية نيويورك ، فقد أدى هذا إلى نجاح تيلر في هذه الولاية ؛ وبذلك كسب في الإنتخابات .

إلى غير ذلك ، فمع نهاية إدارة الرئيس بولك ، وكنتيجة مباشرة للحرب مع المكسيك ، أصبح مساحة أراضي الولايات المتحدة تقدر بحوالي ثمانية ملايين من الكيلومترات المربعة ، مع شواطئ واسعة على المحيط الهادي . وقد فتح – هذا – آفاقا واسعة أمام الولايات المتحدة ؛ خاصة أنه بعد أسابيع قليلة ، اكتشف المضى في ولاية كاليفورنيا ، وبدأ سيل من الهجرة المحمومة نحوالساحل الغربي للولايات المتحدة .

Nominations

Whig Party nomination

Whig candidates

Zachary Taylor, U.S. Major General from Louisiana
Henry Clay, former U.S. senator from كنتكي
Winfield Scott, Commanding General of the U.S. Army from نيوجرزي
Daniel Webster, U.S. senator from مساتشوستس
John Middleton Clayton, U.S. senator from Delaware
John McLean, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from Ohio

Candidates gallery

Major General Zachary Taylor of Louisiana
Senator Henry Clay of كنتكي
General Winfield Scott of نيوجرزي
Senator Daniel Webster of مساتشوستس

Grand National Whig banner

Mexican-American War General Zachary Taylor of Louisiana, an attractive candidate because of his successes on the battlefield, but who had never voted in an election himself, was openly courted by both the Democratic and Whig parties. Taylor ultimately declared himself a Whig, and easily took their nomination, receiving 171 delegate votes to defeat Henry Clay, Winfield Scott, Daniel Webster and others. After Webster turned down the vice-presidential candidacy, Millard Fillmore received the party's nomination for vice-president.

Convention Presidential vote
Ballots	1	2	3	4
Zachary Taylor	111	118	133	171
Henry Clay	97	86	74	32
Winfield Scott	43	49	54	63
Daniel Webster	22	22	17	14
Not Voting	11	11	11	10
John M. Clayton	4	4	1	0
John McLean	2	0	0	0

Convention Vice Presidential vote
Ballots	1	2
Millard Fillmore	115	173
Abbott Lawrence	109	87
Not Voting	16	24
Andrew Stewart	14	0
Thomas M.T. McKennan	13	0
George Evans	6	2
John Sergeant	6	1
John M. Clayton	3	3
Hamilton Fish	2	0
Rufus Choate	1	0
Thomas Ewing, Sr.	1	0
Solomon Foot	1	0
Thomas B. King	1	0
George Lunt	1	0
John Young	1	0

Democratic Party nomination

Democratic candidates:

Lewis Cass, U.S. senator from Michigan
Levi Woodbury, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice from نيوهامپشر
James Buchanan, Secretary of State from پنسلڤانيا
Martin Van Buren, former President from نيويورك

Candidates gallery

Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan
Associate Justice Levi Woodbury of نيوهامپشر
Secretary of State James Buchanan of پنسلڤانيا
Former President Martin Van Buren of نيويورك

Cass/Butler campaign poster

Convention Presidential vote
Ballots	1	2	3	4
Lewis Cass	125	133	156	179
Levi Woodbury	53	56	53	38
James Buchanan	55	54	39	33
John C. Calhoun	9	0	0	0
William Jenkins Worth	6	6	5	1
George M. Dallas	3	3	0	0
William Orlando Butler	0	0	0	4
Abstaining	39	38	37	35

Convention Vice Presidential vote
Ballots	1	2 Before shifts	2 After shifts
William Orlando Butler	114	169	290
John A. Quitman	74	62	0
William R. King	26	8	0
John Y. Mason	24	3	0
James Iver McKay	13	11	0
Jefferson Davis	1	0	0

Free Soil Party nomination

Van Buren/Adams

Former President Martin Van Buren of نيويورك
Senator John P. Hale of نيوهامپشر
Representative Joshua R. Giddings of Ohio
Former State Senator Charles Francis Adams, Sr. of مساتشوستس

Convention vote
Presidential vote		Vice Presidential vote
Martin Van Buren	244	Charles Francis Adams, Sr.	467
John Parker Hale	183
Joshua R. Giddings	23
Charles Francis Adams, Sr.	13
Others	4

Liberty Party nomination

Gerrit Smith of نيويورك
Senator John P. Hale of نيوهامپشر

Convention vote
Presidential vote
John Parker Hale	103
Gerrit Smith	41

1848 Campaign Artwork
Artwork for "Fort Harrison March," a campaign song for Zachary Taylor's presidential campaign which recalled his triumph at the Siege of Fort Harrison in 1812.
Political cartoon about the election campaign, titled "Shooting the Christmas Turkey"
"Grand Presidential sweep-stakes" - political cartoon of the three main candidates

Results

Results by county explicitly indicating the percentage of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of yellow are for Taylor (Whig), shades of blue are for Cass (Democrat), and shades of red are for Van Buren (Free Soil).

"Cock of the walk" - Zachary Taylor as victor

المرشح الرئاسي	الحزب	الولاية	الصوت الشعبي^(a)		الصوت الانتخابي	Running mate
المرشح الرئاسي	الحزب	الولاية	Count	Pct	الصوت الانتخابي	Vice-presidential candidate	Home state	Elect. vote
Zachary Taylor	Whig	Louisiana	1,361,393	47.3%	163	Millard Fillmore	نيويورك	163
Lewis Cass	Democratic	Michigan	1,223,460	42.5%	127	William Orlando Butler	كنتكي	127
Martin Van Buren	Free Soil	نيويورك	291,501	10.1%	0	Charles Francis Adams, Sr.	مساتشوستس	0
Gerrit Smith	Liberty	نيويورك	2,545	0.1%	0	Charles C. Foote	Michigan	0
آخرون			285	0.0%	—	آخرون		—
الإجمالي			2,879,184	100%	290			290
المطلوب للفوز					146			146

Source (Popular Vote): نطقب:Leip PV source Source (Electoral Vote): Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996. المسقط الرسمي للأرشيف الوطني الأمريكي. (July 31, 2005). ^(a)The popular vote figures exclude South Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote.

الانتخابات حسب الولاية

		Zachary Taylor Whig			Lewis Cass Democratic			Martin Van Buren Free Soil			State Total
State	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#	%	electoral votes	#
Alabama	9	0001361830,482	49.44	-	0004866931,173	50.56	9	no ballots			61,655	AL
Arkansas	3	7,587	44.93	-	9,301	55.07	3	no ballots			16,888	AR
Connecticut	6	30,318	48.59	6	27,051	43.35	-	5,005	8.02	-	62,398	CT
Delaware	3	6,440	51.80	3	5,910	47.54	-	82	0.66	-	12,423	DE
Florida	3	4,120	57.20	3	3,083	42.80	-	no ballots			7,203	FL
Georgia	10	47,532	51.49	10	44,785	48.51	-	no ballots			92,317	GA
Illinois	9	52,853	42.42	-	55,952	44.91	9	15,702	12.60	-	124,596	IL
Indiana	12	69,907	45.77	-	74,745	48.93	12	8,100	5.30	-	152,752	IN
Iowa	4	9,930	44.59	-	11,238	50.46	4	1,103	4.95	-	22,271	IA
Kentucky	12	67,145	57.46	12	49,720	42.54	-	no ballots			116,865	KY
Louisiana	6	18,487	54.59	6	15,379	45.41	-	no ballots			33,866	LA
Maine	9	35,273	40.25	-	40,195	45.87	9	12,157	13.87	-	87,625	ME
Maryland	8	37,702	52.10	8	34,528	47.72	-	129	0.18	-	72,359	MD
Massachusetts	12	61,072	45.32	12	35,281	26.18	-	38,333	28.45	-	134,748	MA
Michigan	5	23,947	36.80	-	30,742	47.24	5	10,393	15.97	-	65,082	MI
Mississippi	6	25,911	49.40	-	26,545	50.60	6	no ballots			52,456	MS
Missouri	7	32,671	44.91	-	40,077	55.09	7	no ballots			72,748	MO
New Hampshire	6	14,781	29.50	-	27,763	55.41	6	7,560	15.09	-	50,104	NH
New Jersey	7	40,015	51.48	7	36,901	47.47	-	819	1.05	-	77,735	NJ
New York	36	218,583	47.94	36	114,319	25.07	-	120,497	26.43	-	453,399	NY
North Carolina	11	44,054	55.17	11	35,772	44.80	-	no ballots			79,826	NC
Ohio	23	138,359	42.12	-	154,773	47.12	23	35,347	10.76	-	328,479	OH
Pennsylvania	26	185,313	50.28	26	171,976	46.66	-	11,263	3.06	-	368,552	PA
Rhode Island	4	6,779	60.77	4	3,646	32.68	-	730	6.54	-	11,155	RI
South Carolina	9	no popular vote			no popular vote		9	no popular vote			-	SC
Tennessee	13	64,321	52.52	13	58,142	47.48	-	no ballots			122,463	TN
Texas	4	4,509	29.71	-	10,668	70.29	4	no ballots			15,177	TX
Vermont	6	23,132	48.27	6	10,948	22.85	-	13,837	28.87	-	47,922	VT
Virginia	17	45,265	49.20	-	46,739	50.80	17	no ballots			92,004	VA
Wisconsin	4	13,747	35.10	-	15,001	38.30	4	10,418	26.60	-	39,166	WI
TOTALS:	290	1,360,235	47.28	163	1,222,353	42.49	127	291,475	10.13	-	2,876,818	US
TO WIN:	146

اختيار المجمع الانتخابي

طريقة اختيار الناخبين	الولاية
Each Elector appointed by state legislature	South Carolina
Each Elector chosen by voters statewide	(all other States) *

* مساتشوستس law provided that the state legislature would choose the Electors if no slate of Electors could command a majority of voters statewide. In 1848, this provision was triggered.

انظر أيضاً

American election campaigns in the 19th century
Second Party System
تاريخ الولايات المتحدة (1789-1849)
United States House elections, 1848
Inauguration of Zachary Taylor

الهامش

^ Library of Congress

وصلات خارجية

Presidential Election of 1848: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
1848 Election State-by-State popular results
The Election of 1848
How close was the 1848 election? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology