البرتنطقي Orange، هولون بين الأحمر والأصفر في الطيف المرئي عند طول موجة بين 585 – 620 نانومتر. ويعتبر البرتنطقي من الألوان الحارة. ومسماه مشتق من اسم فاكهة هي البرتنطق.

الرمزية

• البرتنطقي (أوزعفراني) هولون مقدس عند الهندوس. ويرمز للنار المطهرة للجسم والروح.
• في إيرلندا، يرمز إلى الديانة البروتستنتية.
• ثورة برتنطقية، رمز اللون إلى الحرية السياسية. وهذا في أوكرانيا وغيرها.
• عند الغرب، يرمز البرتنطقي للطاقة، حيث حتى البرتنطقي هولون الشمس أيضا.
• كون البرتنطقي اللون الأكثر وضوحا فإنه يستعمل في إشارات والأضواء المرورية للتحذير من الأخطار. وأيضا كلون لبدلات عمال صيانة الطرقات
• اللون البرتنطقي في المقاومات والمكثفات الكهربائية يقابل الرقم 3، والمكبر 1000.
• الحزام البرتنطقي في الجودووالكاراتيه يوافق المرتبة 4.

درجات البرتنطقي

• The colour orange derives its name from the orange fruit.

• Delicate Arch in Arches National Park, Utah

• Lifeboats in Arklow Harbour, Ireland. Orange is chosen for lifeboats and lifesaving vests because of its high visibility.

• A young Buddhist monk in Laos

• Hindu Sadhus, or holy men, in Rajasthan, wear orange as a sacred colour

• Saffron is both a spice and a widely-used dye in Asia

• Celebrating Queensday in Amsterdam. The Royal family of هولندا belong to the House of Orange.

التاريخ والفن

• Painted image of an animal in the Lascaux cave, France.

• People in ancient Egyptian wall paintings often were shown with orange or yellow-orange skin

• The mineral orpiment was a source of yellow and orange pigments in ancient Rome, though it contained arsenic and was highly toxic.

بيت اورانج

• William III of Orange, ruler of both England and the Netherlands

• The modern flag of New York City takes its colours from the Dutch flag of the 17th century, and has an orange stripe in honor of the House of Orange-Nassau.

القرن 18 و19

• Inspiration, by Jean-Honore Fragonard (1789)

• The new novel, by Winslow Homer (1877)

• The flowing red-orange hair of Elizabeth Siddal, wife of painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, became a symbol of the Pre-Raphaelite movement (1860).

• Midsummer, by Albert Joseph Moore (1848–1893)

• Flaming June, by Lord Leighton (1895)

• Impression- Sunrise by Claude Monet (1872) featured a tiny but vivid chrome orange sun. The painting gave its name to the Impressionist movement.

• Oaresmen at Chatou by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1879). Renoir knew that orange and blue brightened each other when put side by side.

• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was extremely fond of orange, the colour of amusement.

• Self-portrait of Paul Gauguin (1888)

• Vairumati, by Paul Gauguin (1897)

• The old cemetery tower in Nuenen, by Vincent Van Gogh (1884)

• Willow trees at sunset by Van Gogh, Arles (1888)

• In his self-portrait, Van Gogh made the most of the contrast between the orange of his hair and the blue background.

• Starry Night by Vincent Van Gogh, features orange stars and an orange moon.(1889)

• An orange haystack painted by Van Gogh shortly before his suicide. (1890).

القرن 20 و21

• A U.S. Navy pilot during World War II wearing an orange inflatable life vest.

• Crew members of the International Space Station.

• A U.S. helicopter spraying Agent Orange on a jungle during the حرب ڤيتنام,

• A 2005 postage stamp of Ukraine commemorated the Orange Revolution of 2004.

العلوم

البصريات

أصباغ وملونات

• A sample of orpiment from an arsenic mine in southern Russia. Orpiment has been used to make orange pigment since ancient times in ancient Egypt, Europe and China. Romans used the mineral for trade.

• Realgar, an arsenic sulfide mineral 1.5-2.5 Mohs hardness, is highly toxic. It was used since ancient times until the 19th century to make red-orange pigment, as a poison, and a medicine.

• A sample of crocoite crystals from Dundas extended mine in Tasmania. Discovered in 1797 by the French chemist Louis Vauquelin, it was used to make the first synthetic orange pigment, chrome orange, used by Pierre-August Renoir and other painters.

• Saffron, made from the hand-picked stigmas of the crocus sativus flower, is used both as a dye and a spice.

• The crocus sativus flower, showing the tiny stigmas used to make saffron.

• The Curcuma longa plant is used to make turmeric, a common and less expensive substitute for saffron as a dye and colour.

• Turmeric powder, first used as a dye, and later as a medicine and spice in South Asian cuisine.

أزهار برتنطقية

• A field of California poppies

• The marigold flower, or Calendula

• The dahlia

• An orange rose

• buds of the butterfly weed, or asclepias tuberosa

• Hieracium aurantiacum, or orange hawkweed

• Heliconia psittacorum, or Parrot's Flower, is a perennial herb native to the Caribbean and northern South America.

• The Lilium philadelphicum. or wood lily is a perennial species of lily native to North America

حيوانات برتنطقية

• A tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)

• A red squirrel is actually orange.

• A red fox, or vulpes vulpes, in the snow.

• An iguana

• The Tadorna ferruginea, or ruddy shelduck, lives in Southeast Europe, Central Asia and Southeast Asia, and migrates in the winter to India.

• An orange flamingo in the National Zoo in Washington, D.C..

• An Altamira Oriole in Bentsen State Park, Texas.

• A flame angelfish, or Centropyge loricula

• A koi, a domesticated carp bred in Japan for its ornamental value in gardens and ponds

• An arion rufus, or European red slug, lives in northern Europe, especially Denmark, and can be eighteen centimeters long.

• The Phalantha phalantha, or common leopard butterfly, is found in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

أغذية الفواكه

• مشمش

• بطاطا حلوة

• شرائح السلمون

• عصير مانجو

• الجزر

• a melon with Muscat wine (France).

• Khrenovina sauce, a traditional Siberian sauce made of tomatoes, garlic and horseradish.

• Paella from Valencia, Spain

• Panipuri, a popular street snack in South Asia

• Curry powder from South Asia

• Paprika from Spain

سبب اللون

• Oranges get their orange colour from a natural pigments called carotenes

• Carotenes are a photosynthetic pigment which creates the orange color in autumn leaves.

كفاكهة

• Nacho cheese Doritos, like many popular snack foods, contain Yellow 6, Yellowخمسة and Red 40 synthetic food colour.

• Wrapped slices of American cheese are now often coloured with annatto, a natural food colour made from the seeds of the achiote tree.

الثقافة، الرمزية

الصين

الهندوسية والبوذية

• A Hindu sadhu, or ascetic wandering monk or holy man, in Kathmandu, Nepal.

• The Hindu divinity Krishna with a sacred cow

• Buddhist monks at the promotion ceremony of a monk in Thailand

• Buddhist monks in Tibet

• A Japanese Buddhist monk in downtown Tokyo

لون للتسلية

• Bacchus and Ariadne by Guido Reni (1620). Bacchus traditionally wears orange in mythological paintings.

• A Bacchante, a female follower of Bacchus, by Hendrick ter Brugghen (1627).

• Toulouse-Lautrec at the Moulin Rouge, in a world of orange

• A clown by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1868)

• A contemporary clown.

لون الرؤية

• The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco Bay is painted international orange to make it visible in the fog

• An orange lifebuoy on the U.S. Coast Guard ship Eagle.

• Pamela Anderson played a Los Angeles County lifeguard in the popular TV series Baywatch. The orange swimsuit was designed to make lifeguards more visible from a distance.

• An aircraft's two types of "black box," or flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder, are actually bright orange, so they can be found more easily.

• Japanese scientist and astronaut Naoko Yamazaki worked aboard the U.S. Space Shuttle. Orange suits have the highest visibility in space, or against blue sea.

ألوان التحذير

• Highway temporary signs about construction or detours in the United States are orange, because of its visibility and its association with danger.

• In the United States, orange indicates the second highest threat level of terrorist attack.

ألوان الخريف، عيد الشكر والهالوين

• Autumn leaves on Marsh Island, Maine

• Orange-coloured pumpkin pie is the traditional dessert at a U.S. Thanksgiving dinner.

• A jack-o-lantern, or pumpkin carved for Halloween.

الأكاديمية

شعارات النبالة

• Orange heraldic tincture, in colour and monochrome representations

أعلام مختارة

• Flag of India (1947). The orange color in the flag is officially called bhagwa, or saffron. It was originally chosen by Mohandas Gandhi, and originally stood for the Hindu community in India, then for the sacrifice of the people. .

• Flag of Ireland (1919) The orange represents King William III, or William of Orange, and the Protestant community in Ireland.

• Flag of Côte d'Ivoire (1959). The orange stands for the savannah, the fertile land in the north of the country, opposed to the green of the forests in the south.

• Flag of Niger (1960). The orange is said to represent the Sahara desert in the north, and the orange disk symbolizes either the sun or independence.

• Flag of Sri Lanka (1950). The orange band represents the Sri Lankan Tamils, one of the three main ethnic groups in the country.

• Flag of Armenia (1990). According to the Armenian Constitution, the orange (also called apricot colour) represents the creativity and hard-working nature of the Armenian people.

• Flag of Bhutan (1969). The orange background represents the Buddhist spiritual tradition.

الجغرافيا

الحركات السياسية والاجتماعية المعاصرة

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• Colour of the British Liberal Party (1859-1988)

• The Bharatiya Janata Party, or Indian People's Party is one of the two major political parties in India. Its saffron orange colour comes from the flag of India.

• Poster from 1957 for the Christian Democratic Union, the current governing party of Germany. It says "no experiments".

• Symbol of the New Democratic Party of Canada.

الأديان

الميتافيزيقا

الرياضة

• Players from the Dutch national football team vs. Denmark, Euro 2012

• Claude Giroux of the Philadelphia Flyers hockey team (2011)

• Mascot of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team

• In the sport of baseball some foul poles are orange, but only one in Major League Baseball, belonging to the New York Mets at their home ballpark Citi Field.

انظر أيضاً

• نبيذ البرتنطق
• عنبري
• قائمة الألوان

المصادر

• Heller, Eva (2009). Psychologie de la couleur: effets et symboliques. Pyramyd (French translation). ISBN .
• Zuffi, Stefano (2012). Color in Art. Abrams. ISBN .
• Gage, John (2009). La Couleur dans l'art. Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• Gottsegen, Mark (2006). The Painter's Handbook: A Complete Reference. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications. ISBN .
• Varichon, Anne (2000). Couleurs: pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples. Paris: Editions du Seuil. ISBN .
• Russo, E.; Dreher, M. C.; Mathre, M. L. (2003), Women and Cannabis: Medicine, Science, and Sociology (1st ed.), Psychology Press (published March 2003), ISBN 978-0-7890-2101-4 
• Willard, P. (2002), Secrets of Saffron: The Vagabond Life of the World's Most Seductive Spice, Beacon Press (published 11 April 2002), ISBN 978-0-8070-5009-5, http://books.google.com/?id=WsUaFT7l3QsC 
• Arvon, Henri (1951). Le bouddhisme. Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN .
• Van Gogh, Vincent (2005). Lettres à Théo. Folioplus classiques. ISBN .
• Van Gogh, Vincent (2010). Lettres de Provence 1888–1890. Auberon. ISBN  Check |isbn= value: length (help).
• Roelofs, Isabelle (2012). La couleur expliquée aux artistes. Group Eyrolles. ISBN .
• Roy, Srirupa (August 2006). "A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906–" (PDF). Journal of Asian Studies. 65 (3). ISSN 0021-9118. OCLC 37893507.

الهوامش

وصلات خارجية

مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Orange.

• Orange Spectrum Color Chart Listing
• All Things Orange – slideshow by Life magazine