مضيق سنغافورة

مضيق سنغافورة
مضيق سنغافورة
	خريطة مضيق سنغافورة
الاحداثيات	Coordinates:
النوع	مضيق
بلدان الحوض	سنغافورة; ماليزيا
أقصى طول	105 كم

مضيق سنغافورة، كما يظهر من East Coast Park.

مضيق سنغافورة، كما يظهر من Marina Bay Sands.

مضيق سنغافورة (بالإنگليزية: Singapore Strait؛ الصينية المبسطة: 新加坡海峡; 狮城海峡; الصينية التقليدية: 新加坡海峽; 溮城海峽; پن‌ين: Xīnjiāpō Hǎixiá; Shī chéng hǎixiá؛ بالملايو: Selat Singapura) هومضيق طوله 105 كيلومتر، وعرضه 16 كيلومتر، بين مضيق ملقا في الغرب ومضيق كريماتا في الشرق. وتقع سنغافورة إلى الشمال من القنال وجزر رياوإلى الجنوب منه. حدود إندونسيا-سنغافورة تجري بطول المضيق.

ويضم ميناء كپل Keppel والكثير من الجزر الصغيرة. The strait provides the deepwater passage to the Port of Singapore, which makes it very busy. Approximately 2,000 merchant ships traverse the waters on a daily basis. The depth of the Singapore Strait limits the maximum draft of vessels going through the Straits of Malacca, and the Malaccamax ship class.

السجلات التاريخية

الرحالة المسلم من القرن التاسع الميلادي اليعقوبي أشار إلى Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of the Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore, although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait, a point of contact between the Arabs and the Zābaj (likely Sumatra). Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water. Historians also used the term in plural, "Singapore Straits", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps – the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah, the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the "Governor's Strait" or "Strait of John de Silva" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait. Today the Singapore Strait refers to the main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located.

الحرب العالمية الثانية

وقد لـُـغــِّم المضيق أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية.

الحوادث

في 2009 شحطت Maersk Kendal في Monggok Sebarok reef.

الامتداد

المنظمة الهيدروغرافية الدولية تـُعرِّف حدود مضيق سنغافورة كالتالي:

من الغرب: الحد الشرقي لمضيق ملقا [الخط الواصل من Tanjong Piai (Bulus) إلى الطرف الجنوبي من شبه جزيرة الملايو() والأشقاء () ثم إلى Klein Karimoen ()].

من الشرق: الخط الواصل من Tanjong Datok، النقطة الجنوبية الشرقية من جوهور () عبر Horsburgh Reef إلى Pulo Koko, الطرف الشمالي الشرقي لـجزيرة بنتان ().

على الجانب الشمالي. الشاطئ الجنوبي لـجزيرة سنغافورة، Johore Shoal والساحل الجنوبي الشرقي لـشبه جزيرة الملايو.

من الجنوب: الخط الواصل بين Klein Karimoen وPulo Pemping Besar () ثم بطول السواحل الشمالية لجزيرتي بتم وبنتان إلى Pulo Koko.

الدلائل والجداول البحرية

Pilot guides and charts of the Malacca and Singapore straits have been published for a considerable time due to the nature of the straits

الهامش

^ Liang, Annabelle; Maye-E, Wong (August 22, 2017). "Busy waters around Singapore carry a host of hazards". Navy Times. Around 2,000 merchant ships travel in the area every day, Tan estimated.
^ "Tumasik Kingdom". Melayu Online. Archived from the original on 12 March 2009.
^ R. A. Donkin (March 2004). . Amer Philosophical Society. p. 91. ISBN .
^ Peter Borschberg, ed. (December 2004). . Harrassowitz. pp. 97–99. ISBN .
^ Borschberg, Peter (2012). "The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (c.13th to 17th Centuries). Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges". Journal of Asian History. 46.2: 193–224.
^ "SINGAPORE STRAIT MINED". The Central Queensland Herald. Rockhampton, Qld. 20 February 1941. p. 34. Retrieved 12 May 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Great Britain. Marine Accident Investigation Branch (2010), Report on the grounding of mv Maersk Kendal on Monggok Sebarok reef in the Singapore Strait on 16 September 2009, Marine Accident Investigation Branch, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/38783831, retrieved on 12 May 2012
^ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Retrieved 7 February 2010.
^ Great Britain. Hydrographic Dept; Great Britain. Hydrographic Office (1971), Malacca Strait and west coast of Sumatra pilot : comprising Malacca Strait and its northern approaches, Singapore Strait, and the west coast of Sumatra (5th ed. (1971)- ed.), Hydrographer of the Navy, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/36336824, retrieved on 12 May 2012
^ Maritime & Port Authority of Singapore; Chua, Tiag Ming (2000), Charts for small craft, Singapore Strait & adjacent waterways (2000 ed.), Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/37281487, retrieved on 12 May 2012
^ Great Britain. Hydrographic Dept; Hennessey, S. J (1971), Malacca Strait and west coast of Sumatra pilot : comprising Malacca Strait and its northern approaches, Singapore Strait, and the west coast of Sumatra (5th ed.), Hydrographer of the Navy, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/16765968, retrieved on 12 May 2012
^ Singapore. Maritime and Port Authority; Singapore. Maritime and Port Authority. Hydrographic Dept (1998), Singapore Strait, Hydrographic Dept., Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore, http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/6891149, retrieved on 12 May 2012

للاستزادة

Borschberg, Peter, "Singapura in Early Modern Cartography: A Sea of Challenges", in Visualising Space. Maps of Singapore and the Region. Collections from the National Library and National Archives of Singapore (Singapore: NLB, 2015): 6-33. https://www.academia.edu/8681191
Borschberg, Peter, The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th Century, Singapore and Leiden: NUS Press and KITLV Press, 2010. https://www.academia.edu/4302722
Borschberg, Peter, Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor, 1595-c1625, Singapore: NUS Press, 2015. https://www.academia.edu/9672124
Borschberg, Peter, Admiral Matelieff's Singapore and Johor, 1606–1616, Singapore, 2015. https://www.academia.edu/11868450
Borschberg, Peter, "The Singapore Straits in the Latter Middle Ages and Early Modern Period (c.13th to 17th Centuries). Facts, Fancy and Historiographical Challenges", Journal of Asian History, 46.2 (2012): 193-224. https://www.academia.edu/4285020
Borschberg, Peter, "The Straits of Singapore: Continuity, Change and Confusion", in Sketching the Straits. A Compilation of the Lecture Series on the Charles Dyce Collection, ed. Irene Lim (Singapore: NUS Museums, 2004): 33-47. https://www.academia.edu/4311413
Borschberg, Peter, "Singapore and its Straits, 1500–1800", Indonesia and the Malay World 43, ثلاثة (2017) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13639811.2017.1340493
Borschberg, Peter, "Singapore in the Cycles of the Longue Duree", Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 90 (1) (2017), pp. 32–60. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/663863/summary
Gibson-Hill, Carl-Alexander, "Singapore: Note on the History of the Old Straits, 1580–1850", Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 27.1 (1954): 165-214.