جزر إيجة الإيطالية
|
الجزر الإيطالية في بحر إيجة
Isole italiane dell'Egeo
Ἰταλικαὶ Νῆσοι Αἰγαίου Πελάγους | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1912–1943 | |||||||||||
الفهم
Coat of arms
| |||||||||||
Motto: Foedere et Religione Tenemur "We are held together by Pact and Religion" | |||||||||||
النشيد: Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza "Royal March of Ordinance"a | |||||||||||
| المكانة | وضع وسط بين مستعمرة وجزء لا يتجزأ من إيطاليا | ||||||||||
| العاصمة | رودس | ||||||||||
| اللغات الشائعة | اليونانية، الإيطالية، الهجرية | ||||||||||
| الدين |
الروم الأرثوذكس, الروم الكاثوليك |
||||||||||
| القائد العسكري (حتى 1922) حاكم (1922-1943) | |||||||||||
• 1912–1913 |
Giovanni Ameglio (الأول) | ||||||||||
• 1922–1936 |
Mario Lago (أول حاكم) | ||||||||||
• 1936-1940 |
Cesare Maria De Vecchi | ||||||||||
• 1940–1941 |
Ettore Bastico | ||||||||||
• 1941–1943 |
Inigo Campioni | ||||||||||
| الحقبة التاريخية | فترة ما بين الحربين / الحرب العالمية الثانية | ||||||||||
• الحرب الإيطالية الهجرية |
27 أبريل 1912 | ||||||||||
• هدنة كاسيبلى & حملة الدوديكانيز |
سبتمبر-نوفمبر 1943 | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
| 1936 | 2,668 kم2 (1,030 ميل2) | ||||||||||
| التعداد | |||||||||||
• 1936 |
132289 | ||||||||||
| Currency | الليرة الإيطالية | ||||||||||
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a: بعد الاستيلاء الفاشي في 1922، السلام غير الرسمي كان Giovinezza ("الشباب"). | |||||||||||
الجزر الإيطالية في بحر إيجة (بالايطالية: Isole italiane dell'Egeo, باليونانية: Ἰταλικαὶ Νῆσοι Αἰγαίου Πελάγους؛ بالإنگليزية: Italian Islands of the Aegean) كانت مجموعة من اثنتي عشر جزيرة رئيسية (الدوديكانيز) في جنوب شرق بحر إيجة، التي — مع الجـُزَيرات المحيطة — كانت تحكمها مملكة إيطاليا من 1912 حتى 1943.
خلفية
The Dodecanese, except Kastellorizo, were occupied by Italy during the Italo-Turkish War of 1912. Italy had agreed to return the islands to the Ottoman Empire according to the معاهدة أوشي in 1912; however the vagueness of the text allowed a provisional Italian administration of the islands, and إيطاليا eventually renounced all claims on the Dodecanese with Article 15 of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.
Archeology
Mussolini stated that Rhodes had merely returned to its ancestral home after being annexed by Italy, as the Dodecanese had been an important part of the Roman Empire. Major Italian archaeological efforts from the 1930s onward were intended to discover Roman antiquities and thus strengthen the Italian claim on the islands.
Administrative division
| Island (Italian name in parentheses) | Area | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Rhodes (Rodi) and dependent islets | 1,412 kم2 (1.520×1010 قدم2) | 60,244 |
| Patmos (Patmo) and dependent islets | 57.1 kم2 (615,000,000 قدم2) | 3214 |
| Leipsoi (Lisso) | 174 kم2 (1.87×109 قدم2) | 993 |
| Kalymnos (Calino) and dependent islets | 128.2 kم2 (1.380×109 قدم2) | 15,338 |
| Kos (Coo) | 296 kم2 (3.19×109 قدم2) | 20,003 |
| Astypalaia (Stampalia) and dependent islets | 113.6 kم2 (1.223×109 قدم2) | 1767 |
| Nisyros (Nisiro) and dependent islets | 48 kم2 (520,000,000 قدم2) | 2375 |
| Symi (Simi) and dependent islets | 63.6 kم2 (685,000,000 قدم2) | 6176 |
| Tilos (Piscopi) and dependent islets | 64.3 kم2 (692,000,000 قدم2) | 1227 |
| Halki (Calchi) and dependent islets | 30.3 kم2 (326,000,000 قدم2) | 1476 |
| Karpathos (Scarpanto) and dependent islets | 306 kم2 (3.29×109 قدم2) | 7893 |
| Kasos (Caso) and dependent islets | 69.4 kم2 (747,000,000 قدم2) | 1913 |
| Megisti (Castelrosso) and dependent islets | 11.5 kم2 (124,000,000 قدم2) | 2267 |
| Italian Aegean Islands | 2,668.3 kم2 (2.8721×1010 قدم2) | 132,289 |
- Source: Census of 1936
- Source: Annuario Generale, Consociazione Turistica Italiana, Roma, 1938
التوسع المزمع
After the Battle of Greece, Fascist authorities pushed for the incorporation of the Cyclades and Sporades into Italy's Aegean possession, but the Germans were opposed to any territorial reduction of the puppet Hellenic State. As the Cyclades were already under Italian occupation, the preparation for outright annexation was continued despite German opposition.
نهاية النفوذ الإيطالي
After the Italian capitulation of September 1943, the islands briefly became a battleground between the Germans, British and the Italians (the Dodecanese Campaign). The Germans prevailed, and although they were driven out of mainland Greece in 1944, the Dodecanese remained occupied until the end of the war in 1945. During the German occupation, the Dodecanese remained under the nominal sovereignty of the Italian Social Republic, but were de facto subject to the German military command. After the end of World War II, the islands came under provisional British administration.
In the Treaty of Peace in 1947, the islands were ceded to Greece.
List of governors of the Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–47)
See also
- Italian colonists in the Dodecanese
== المراجع ==
- ^ www.nationalanthems.info
- ^ Treaty of Ouchy (1912), also known as the First Treaty of Lausanne
- ^ James Barros, The Corfu Incident of 1923: Mussolini and The League of Nations, Princeton University Press, 1965 (reprinted 2015), ISBN 1400874610, p. 69
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةpalapas -
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةdubin437 - ^ Davide Rodogno (2006). Fascism's European empire: Italian occupation during the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN .
- ^ Dubin (2002), p. 438
- ^ Nicola Cospito; Hans Werner Neulen (1992). Salò-Berlino: l'alleanza difficile. La Repubblica Sociale Italiana nei documenti segreti del Terzo Reich. Mursia. p. 128. ISBN .
Italian sources
- Calace, Francesca (a cura di), «Restituiamo la Storia» – dagli archivi ai territori. Architetture e modelli urbani nel Mediterraneo orientale. Gangemi, Roma, 2012 (collana PRIN 2006 «Restituiamo la Storia»)
- Tuccimei, Ercole. La Banca d'Italia in Africa, Foreword by Arnaldo Mauri, Laterza, Bari, 1999.
- Pignataro, Luca. Le Isole Italiane dell'Egeo dall'8 settembre 1943 al termine della seconda guerra mondiale in "Clio. Rivista internazionale di studi storici", 3(2001).
- Pignataro, Luca. Il tramonto del Dodecaneso italiano 1945-1950 in "Clio. Rivista internazionale di studi storici", 4(2001)
- Pignataro, Luca. Ombre sul Dodecaneso italiano, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea", XII, 3(2008), pp. 61–94
- Pignataro, Luca. Il Dodecaneso italiano, con appendice fotografica, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea" 2(2010)
- Pignataro, Luca. La presenza cattolica in Dodecaneso tra 1924 e 1937, in "Nova Historica" 32(2010)
- Pignataro, Luca. Il collegio rabbinico di Rodi, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea", 6(2011)
- Pignataro, Luca. I naufraghi del Pentcho, in "Nuova Storia Contemporanea", 1(2012)
- Pignataro, Luca. Il Dodecaneso italiano 1912-1947, vol. I: L’occupazione iniziale 1912-1922, Chieti, Solfanelli, 2011
