نطقب:Infobox Philippine political party

The Katipunan (usually abbreviated to KKK) was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. Based on recently found contemporary documents, the society has been organized as early as January 1892 but may have not became active until Julyسبعة of the same year on the night when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan earlier in the day. Founded by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa and others, initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

The Tagalog word "katipunan", literally meaning 'association', comes from the root word "tipon," a Tagalog word meaning "gather"."^[] Its official revolutionary name was Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (بالاسپانية: Suprema y Venerable Asociación de los Hijos del Pueblo). The Katipunan is also known by its acronym, KKK.

أصل الحدثة

The name "Katipunan" comes from the full Tagalog name for the society: "Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang Katipunan nang mga Anak nang Bayan" (حرفياً Highest and Most Respected Society of the Children of the Nation ).

التشكيل

التاريخ

Founding of the Katipunan

Captured Katipunan members (also known as Katipuneros), who were also members of La Liga, revealed to the Spanish colonial authorities that there was a difference of opinion among members of La Liga. One group insisted on La Liga's principle of a peaceful reformation while the other espoused armed revolution.

Literature of the society

Preparation for the revolution

Attempt to seek Rizal's support

The night when Governor-General Eulogio Despujol y Dusay exiled Dr. José Rizal to Dapitan, Katipunan was founded.

الثورة

The Battle of Kakarong de Sili

منطق رئيسي: Battle of Kakarong de Sili

الفض

Following the victory of the الولايات المتحدة against the First Philippine Republic in the Philippine–American War, the Americans exterminated any remaining vestige of the Katipunan.^[]

See also

• Battle of Imus
• Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican
• Battle of Zapote Bridge (1897)
• Battle of Perez Dasmariñas
• Spanish–American War
• Malolos Congress
• Philippine Declaration of Independence
• First Philippine Republic
• Philippine–American War
• Philippine Revolutionary Army

References

Notes and citations

Published works

• Agoncillo, Teodoro C. (1990) [1960]. "History of the Filipino People" (8th ed.). Quezon City: Garotech Publishing. ISBN .
• Agoncillo, Teodoro C. (1956). "The Revolt of the Masses: the story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan". Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
• Artigas y Cuerva, Manuel (1911). "Andres Bonifacio y el Katipunan". La Vanguardia. Manila.
• Borromeo-Buehler, Soledad Masangkay (1998). . Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN .
• Cruz, Hermenegildo (November 16, 1922). Tamiko I. Camacho, Jerome Espinosa Baladad and PG Distributed Proofreaders (ed.). . e-book reproduction from Project Gutenberg.[1] (in Tagalog) (Internet, Project Gutenberg ed.). Manila: Guillermo Masangkay, Alvarado St., Brgy. 535, Manila. External link in |work= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Diwa, Ladislao (December 24, 1926). "Andres Bonifacio y el Katipunan". La Opinión. Manila.
• Fernandez, Leandro H. (1926). The Philippine Republic. New York: Columbia University Press.
• Fernandez, Leandro H. (1930). "Autobiography of Gregoria de Jesus". Philippine Magazine. Manila.
• Reynaldo, Ileto (1998). "Filipinos and their revolution: event, discourse, and historiography". Ateneo de Manila University Press.
• Guerrero, Milagros C. (1996). "Balintawak: The Cry for a Nationwide Revolution". Sulyap Kultura (Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts).
• Halili, Maria Christine N. (2004). . Manila: Rex Book Store. ISBN .
• Jesus-Nakpil, Gregoria (1932). "Mga Tala ng Aking Buhay at mga Ulat ng Katipunan". published by Jose P. Santos.
• Kalaw, Maximo M. The Development of Philippine Politics (1872–1920) (Manila: Oriental Commercial Co. Inc., 1926; reprint ed., Manila: Solar Publishing Corp., 1986)
• Kalaw, Teodoro M. (1925). "The Philippine Revolution". Manila: Manila Book Store Company.
• National Historical Institute. Filipinos in Historyخمسة vols. (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1989)
• Reyes, Isabelo de los (1899). "La Sensacional memoria sobre la revolución filipina" (in Spanish). Madrid: Tip. lit. de J. Corrales. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
• Retana, Wenceslao E. (1897). "Archivo del biblio filipino". Madrid.
• Retana, Wenceslao E. (1907). "Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal". At Google Books
• Retana, Wenceslao. Vida y Escritorios de Dr. José Rizal. Madrid: 1907.
• Ricarte, Artemio (1926). "The Hispano-Philippine Revolution". Yokohama. This book was published by Ricarte himself, includes his memoirs on the Philippine Revolution.
• St. Clair, Francis (1902). "Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan Nang Manga Anac Nang Bayan". Manila.
• Sagmit, Rosario S.; Sagmit-Mendosa, Lourdes (2007). The Filipino Moving Onward 5 (2007 ed.). Rex Bookstore, Inc. ISBN ..
• Santos, Epifanio de los (1918). "Andres Bonifacio". The Philippine Review. Manila.
• Santos, Epifanio de los (1961). "The Trial of Rizal". Horacio de la Costa, S.J. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
• Santos, Jose P. (1930). "Kung Sino si Jacinto". Pagkakaisa. Manila.
• Woods, Damon L. (2006) [2006]. . ABC-CLIO. ISBN .
• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine History and Government. National Bookstore Printing Press.
• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1957). Philippine Political and Cultural History: the Philippines Since the British Invasion. II (1957 Revised ed.). Manila: McCullough Printing Company.
• Zaide, Gregorio (November 26, 1932). "The Women of the Katipunan". Philippines Free Press. Manila.
• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1973). Manila during the Revolutionary Period. Manila: National Historical Commission. citing a letter sent to him by Pío Valenzuela dated December 19, 1931.
• Zaide, Gregorio (1939). "History of the Katipunan". Loyal Press. Manila.
• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1931). Documentary History of the Katipunan Discovery. Manila.
• Zaide, Gregorio (October 25, 1930). "The Rise and Fall of the Katipunan Press". The Sunday Tribune Magazine. Manila.
• The Catholic Historical Review. Washington, D.C.: American Catholic Historical Association. 4. 1919. Missing or empty |title= (help)

وصلات خارجية

• Draft of preliminary reading for initiation into the Katipunan.
• Oaths and form of initiation into the Katipunan society.
• Kartilyang Makabayan Pamphlet about the Katipunan written by Hermenegildo Cruz.
• Philippines – Historical Flags to 1899.
• (بالإسپانية) El sitio de Baler: los últimos de Filipinas (The site of Baler: Final locations in the Philippines)
• Information about Katipunan