كوريتيبا
Curitiba | |||
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Municipality | |||
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Município de Curitiba Municipality of Curitiba | |||
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Clockwise from Top: Skyline from Barigui Park; 24 Hours Street; Paço da Liberdade; The Botanical Garden of Curitiba, Oscar Niemeyer Museum; Palace Avenue building.
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| Nickname(s):
Cidade Modelo ("Model City"); Capital Ecológica do Brasil ("Ecological Capital of Brazil"); Cidade Verde ("Green City"); Capital das Araucárias ("Capital of Araucarias"); A Cidade da Névoa Eterna ("The City of Eternal Fog")
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| الشعار الحادي:
A Cidade da Gente (Our City; The People's City)
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 Curitiba | |||
| الإحداثيات: Coordinates: | |||
| Country |
 البرازيل
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| Region | South | ||
| State | Paraná | ||
| Founded | 29 March 1693 | ||
| Incorporated | 1842 | ||
| الحكم | |||
| • Mayor | Rafael Greca (PMN) | ||
| المساحة | |||
| • Municipality | 430٫9 كم² (166٫4 ميل²) | ||
| • الحضر | 319٫4 كم² (123٫3 ميل²) | ||
| • العمران | 15٬416٫9 كم² (5٬952 ميل²) | ||
| الارتفاع | 934٫6 m (3٬066٫3 ft) | ||
| التعداد(2017) | |||
| • Municipality | 1٬908٬359 (8th) | ||
| • الكثافة | 4٬062/km2 (10٬523/sq mi) | ||
| • العمرانية | 3٬400٬000 (7th) | ||
| • الكثافة العمرانية | 210٫9/km2 (546٫2/sq mi) | ||
| منطقة التوقيت | UTC-3 (التوقيت العالمي المنسق-3) | ||
| • الصيفي | UTC-2 (UTC-2) | ||
| CEP | 80000-000 to 82999-999 | ||
| مفتاح الهاتف | +55 (41) | ||
| المسقط الإلكتروني | Curitiba, Paraná | ||
Curitiba (Tupi: "Pine Nut Land", البرتغالية البرازيلية: [kuɾiˈtʃibɐ]) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Paraná. The city's population numbered approximately 1,879,355 people اعتبارا من 2015[تحديث], making it the eighth most populous city in the country, and the largest in Brazil's South Region. The Curitiba Metropolitan area comprises 26 municipalities with a total population of over 3.2 million (IBGE estimate in 2010), making it the seventh most populous in the country.
Curitiba is an important cultural, political, and economic centre in Latin America. The city sits on a plateau at 932 مترs (3,058 قدم) above sea level. It is located 105 kiloمترs (65 ميل) west of the seaport of Paranaguá and is served by the Afonso Pena International and Bacacheri airports. The city hosts the Federal University of Paraná, established in 1912.
In the 1700s, Curitiba possessed a favorable location between cattle-breeding country and marketplaces, leading to a successful cattle trade and the city's first major expansion. Later, between 1850 and 1950, it grew due to logging and agricultural expansion in the Paraná State (first Araucaria logging, later mate and coffee cultivation and in the 1970s wheat, corn and soybean cultivation). In the 1850s, waves of European immigrants arrived in Curitiba, mainly Germans, Italians, Poles and Ukrainians, contributing to the city's economic and cultural development. Nowadays, only smaller numbers of foreign immigrants arrive, primarily from Middle Eastern and other South American countries.
The biggest expansion occurred after the 1960s, with innovative urban planning that changed the population size from some hundreds of thousands to more than a million people. Curitiba's economy is based on industry and services and is the fourth largest in Brazil. Economic growth occurred in parallel to a substantial inward flow of Brazilians from other cities of the country, as approximately half of the city's population was not born in Curitiba.
Curitiba sports one of the few high Brazilian Human Development Index readings at 0.856, and in 2010 was awarded the Global Sustainable City Award, given to cities and municipalities that excel in sustainable urban development. According to US magazine Reader's Digest, Curitiba is the best "Brazilian Big City" in which to live. Curitiba crime rate is considered low by Brazilian standards and the city is considered one of the safest cities in Brazil for youth. The city is also the best to invest in the country. Curitiba was one of the host cities of the 1950 FIFA World Cup, and again for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Despite the excellent social indicators, the city has a higher unemployment rate compared to other cities in the state
الاسم
التاريخ
The Paranaguá-Curitiba railroad was opened in 1885.
Geography
Climate
| بيانات مناخ Curitiba (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| الشهر | يناير | فبراير | مارس | أبريل | مايو | يونيو | يوليو | أغسطس | سبتمبر | اكتوبر | نوفمبر | ديسمبر | العام |
| العظمى القياسية °س (°ف) | 34.1 (93.4) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.5 (92.3) |
30.3 (86.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.8 (82) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.8 (91) |
32.8 (91) |
34.0 (93.2) |
33.1 (91.6) |
34٫8 (94٫6) |
| العظمى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 26.6 (79.9) |
26.7 (80.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.1 (70) |
19.6 (67.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.4 (77.7) |
23٫1 (73٫6) |
| المتوسط اليومي °س (°ف) | 20.4 (68.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.2 (63) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.0 (59) |
16.5 (61.7) |
18.2 (64.8) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16٫8 (62٫2) |
| الصغرى المتوسطة °س (°ف) | 16.4 (61.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12.8 (55) |
10.2 (50.4) |
8.4 (47.1) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.0 (57.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
12٫5 (54٫5) |
| الصغرى القياسية °س (°ف) | 8.2 (46.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.9 (39) |
-4.0 (24.8) |
-2.3 (27.9) |
-4.0 (24.8) |
-5.2 (22.6) |
-5.2 (22.6) |
-5.4 (22.3) |
-1.5 (29.3) |
-0.9 (30.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
-5٫4 (22٫3) |
| هطول mm (inches) | 171.8 (6.764) |
157.6 (6.205) |
138.8 (5.465) |
94.8 (3.732) |
101.0 (3.976) |
115.6 (4.551) |
98.8 (3.89) |
73.4 (2.89) |
119.2 (4.693) |
133.3 (5.248) |
126.9 (4.996) |
152.3 (5.996) |
1٬483٫4 (58٫402) |
| % Humidity | 79.0 | 80.0 | 80.0 | 79.0 | 82.0 | 82.7 | 81.0 | 79.0 | 82.0 | 82.0 | 80.0 | 82.0 | 80٫7 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 13 | 116 |
| Sunshine hours | 184.4 | 160.8 | 172.0 | 164.2 | 178.3 | 160.2 | 173.4 | 175.4 | 134.1 | 155.5 | 177.0 | 170.9 | 2٬006٫2 |
| Source: INMET | |||||||||||||
Vegetation
Hydrography
الطبوغرافيا
الحكم
Demographics
الاقتصاد
العلاقات الدولية
البلدات التوأم - المدن الشقيقة
Curitiba is twinned with:
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اتفاقيات التعاون
In addition Curitiba has cooperation agreements with:
- Lisbon, Portugal
Notable people
Architecture
- Jaime Lerner
- João Batista Vilanova Artigas
References
- ^ "IBGE releases population estimates for municipalities in 2017. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) (August 30, 2017)". Ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
- ^ The European Portuguese pronunciation is [kuɾiˈtiβɐ].
- ^ "Mapa da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba – Paraná". Curitiba-parana.com. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "IBGE :: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística". Web.archive.org. 14 June 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ "Curitiba". Rnestrangeiros.com.br. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
- ^ "Tradições Culturais" (in portuguese). Curitiba-parana.net. Retrieved 7 March 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "A imigração árabe muçulmana em Curitiba" (in Portuguese). Etni-cidade. Archived from the original onخمسة December 2008. Retrieved 3 October 2008. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Dados do IBGE sobre Curitiba" (in Portuguese). IBGE. Retrieved 31 July 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Cidades Brasileiras, Curitiba" (in Portuguese). SuaPesquisa. Retrieved 31 July 2011.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ " (in Portuguese). Bem Paraná. Retrieved 6 August 2008.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "The Brazilian city Curitiba awarded the Globe Sustainable City Award 2010". globeforum.com. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- ^ ". Nearshore Americas. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ "Bestcitiestolivein.net". Bestcitiestolivein.net. Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
- ^ "Asعشرة capitais mais seguras para os jovens do Brasil". Planetasustentavel.abril.com.br. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
- ^ "Curitiba é eleita a melhor cidade do Brasil pelo ranking Istoé/Austin Ratings - ISTOÉ DINHEIRO". Istoedinheiro.com.br. 18 September 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
- ^ http://www.gazetadopovo.com.br/economia/pos-e-carreira/por-que-o-mercado-de-trabalho-de-curitiba-ainda-continua-demitindo-868i7lb2m3rmofjytl3yhy1l5
-
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةpr2 - ^ "NORMAIS CLIMATOLÓGICAS DO BRASIL 1961-1990" (in Portuguese). Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Retrieved 4 July 2015.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Curitiba in Brazil Adopts Akureyri as Sister Town". Iceland Review Online.عشرة October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
- ^ "Cidades-irmãs" (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Curitiba. Retrieved 22 May 2007.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Acordos de Geminação" (in Portuguese). Câmara Municipal de Coimbra. Archived from the original on 23 January 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2008.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Sister Cities, Public Relations". Guadalajara municipal government. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ "Kraków - Miasta Bliźniacze" [Kraków - Twin Cities]. Miejska Platforma Internetowa Magiczny Kraków (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 10 August 2013. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Honorowe Miasta Bliźniacze – Kurytyba (Brazylia)" (in Polish). Krakow.pl. Archived from the original on 21 December 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2006.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "Online Directory: Florida, USA". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 17 April 2008.
- ^ "Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa" [Lisbon - Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship]. Camara Municipal de Lisboa (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013. CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
Bibliography
وصلات خارجية
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فهم المصادر بها نص من the منطقة Curityba. |
| Find more about Curitiba at Wikipedia's sister projects | |
| Definitions from Wiktionary | |
| Media from Commons | |
| Quotations from Wikiquote | |
| Source texts from Wikisource | |
| Textbooks from Wikibooks | |
| Travel guide from Wikivoyage | |
| Learning resources from Wikiversity | |
| Database entry Q4361 on Wikidata | |
- (البرتغالية) Official homepage
Tourism
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[[voy:كوريتيبا#خطأ لوا في وحدة:Wikidata على السطر 866: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|كوريتيبا]] travel guide from Wikivoyage
