مولان، ألييه

مولان
مولان
	Prefecture and commune
	صورة جوية لكاتدرائية نوتردام وكنيسة القلب المقدس في مولان، 2006
	; Coat of arms
	; Coat of arms
	مولان مولان
	الإحداثيات: Coordinates:
البلد	فرنسا
المنطقة	أوڤرن-رون-ألپ
الإقليم	Allier
Arrondissement	مولان
Canton	Moulins-1 ; Moulins-2
Intercommunality	Moulins Communauté
الحكم
• Mayor (2014-2020)	Pierre-André Périssol (LR)
المساحة1	8٫61 كم² (3٫32 ميل²)
التعداد()2
منطقة التوقيت	CET (التوقيت العالمي المنسق+01:00)
• الصيفي	CEST (UTC+02:00)
INSEE/Postal code	03190 /03000
Elevation	202–240 م (663–787 قدم) ; (avg. 220 م or 720 قدم)
المسقط الإلكتروني	ville-moulins.fr
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

مولان (Moulins ؛ بالفرنسية: [mu.lɛ̃]; بالأوكسيتانية: Molins) is a commune in central France, capital of the Allier department. It is located on the Allier River.

Among its many tourist attractions are the Maison Mantin, the Anne de Beaujeu Museum and The National Center of Costume and Scenography.

الجغرافيا

تقع مولان على ضفاف نهر ألييه.

التاريخ

منظر من مولان

Before the French Revolution, Moulins was the capital of the province of Bourbonnais and the seat of the Dukes of Bourbon. It appears in documented records at least as far back as the year 990. In 1232, Archambaud VIII, Sire de Bourbon granted a franchise to the village's inhabitants.

The town achieved greater prominence in 1327, when Charles IV elevated Louis I de Clermont to Duke of Bourbon. Either Louis or the later Peter II, Duke of Bourbon and of Auvergne moved the capital of the province from Bourbon-l'Archambault to Moulins.

Note: This article in French suggests Pierre II moved the capital, while the local tourism website (also in French) suggests it was Louis I.

In February 1566 it became eponymous to the Edict of Moulins, an important royal ordinance dealing with many aspects of the administration of justice and feudal and ecclesiastical privilege, including limitations on the appanages held by French princes, abrogation of the levy of rights of tallage claimed by seigneurs over their dependants, and provisions for a system of concessions on rivers.

This was the birthplace of the great 19th-century operatic baritone and art collector Jean-Baptiste Faure. In the 20th century, Coco Chanel went to school in Moulins as an orphan, before moving to Paris, where she became a fashion designer and major innovator in women's clothing.

International relations

Twin towns

Moulins is twinned with:

Montepulciano, Italy
Bad Vilbel, Germany

Population

التعداد التاريخي
السنة	تعداد	±%
2006	20٬599	—
2007	20٬251	−1.7%
2008	19٬760	−2.4%
2009	19٬837	+0.4%
2010	19٬590	−1.2%
2011	19٬094	−2.5%
2012	18٬959	−0.7%
2013	19٬474	+2.7%
2014	19٬762	+1.5%
2015	19٬697	−0.3%
2016	19٬613	−0.4%

Transport

Moulins-sur-Allier station, in the centre of the town, has direct trains to Paris Paris-Gare de Lyon, which take about 2 hours 25 minutes.

Montbeugny Airport is a small airport located near Moulins.

المتاحف

Centre National du Costume de Scene (museum)

Personalities

Antoine Gilbert Griffet de Labaume (1756–1805), translator and man of letters was born in Moulins
Jean Pastelot (1820–1870), painter and caricaturist was born in Moulins
Coco Chanel, fashion designer, started as a cabaret singer here
Philippe N'Dioro, footballer
Jean-Luc Perrot (born 1959), pipe organ player and composer
Stéphane Risacher, basketball player with the French national team, born in Moulins
Jean-Baptiste Faure, opera singer, born in Moulins
Claude Louis Hector de Villars, Marshal General of France, lived 1653–1734, born in Moulins
Gilbert Mercier, author of "The Orwellian Empire" and journalist born in Moulins in 1957
Louis Jacques Brunet, ancient professor of Natural History born in Moulins in 1811
James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick (1670-1734)