خانية بخارى

خانية بخارى
خانية بخارى ; خانات بخارا
	1500–1785
	خانية بخارى (أخضر)، ح. 1600.
العاصمة	بخارى
اللغات الشائعة	Persian,Uzbek
الدين	الإسلام (السني، الصوفية النقشبندية)
الحكومة	ملكية
خان
• 1500–1510	محمد الشيباني
• 1599 - 1605	باقي محمد خان
• 1747 - 1753	محمد رحيم
• 1758–1785	أبوالغازي خان
أتاليق
الحقبة التاريخية	Early modern period
• تأسيس الأسرة الشيبانية	1500
• الاستيلاء على سمرقند	1505
• تأسيس آل جاني	1599
• الخانية يفتحها نادر شاه بعد استسلام محمد الحكيم	1745
• أسرة Manghit تسيطر بعد وفاة نادر شاه وانهيار امبراطوريته	1747
• تأسيس إمارة بخارى	1785
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	القبيل المضىي
	الامبراطورية التيمورية
إمارة بخارى
خانية قوقند
دولة دراني
Today part of	اوزبكستان; طاجيكستان; هجرمنستان; قزخستان; أفغانستان; پاكستان; الصين

خانية بخارى (فارسية: خانات بخارا؛ اوزبكية: Buxoro Xonligi؛ بالإنگليزية: Khanate of Bukhara) كانت دولة في آسيا الوسطى من الربع الثاني للقرن 16 وحتى أواخر القرن 18. وقد أصبحت بخارى عاصمة الدولة الشيبانية قصيرة العمر في عهد عبيد الله خان (1533–1540). وقد بلغت الخانية أقصى اتساع ونفوذ لها في عهد حاكمها الشيباني قبل الأخير عبد الله خان الثاني (حكم 1577–1598).

وفي القرنين 17 و18، the Khanate was ruled by the Janid Dynasty (Astrakhanids or Ashtarkhanids). They were the last Genghisid descendants to rule Bukhara. In 1740, it was conquered by Nadir Shah, the Shah of Iran. After his death in 1747, the khanate was controlled by the non-Genghisid descendants of the Uzbek emir Khudayar Bi, through the prime ministerial position of ataliq. In 1785, his descendent, Shah Murad, formalized the family's dynastic rule (Manghit dynasty), and the khanate became the Emirate of Bukhara. The Manghits were non-Genghisid and took the Islamic title of Emir instead of Khan since their legitimacy was not based on descent from Genghis Khan.

الأسرة الشيبانية

المعركة بين الشاه إسماعيل الأول الصفوي ومحمود الشيباني.

حكمت الأسرة الشيبانية بخارى من 1500 حتى 1598. Under their rule, Bukhara became a center of arts and literature and educational reforms were introduced.

New books on history and geography were written in this period, such as Haft iqlīm (الأنطقيم السبع) by Amin Ahmad Razi, a native of Iran.^[] Bukhara of the 16th century attracted skilled craftsman of calligraphy and miniature-paintings, such as Sultan Ah Maskhadi, Mahmud ibn Eshaq Shakibi, the theoretician in calligraphy and dervish Mahmud Buklian, Molana Mahmud Muzahheb, and Jelaleddin Yusuf.^[] Among the famous poets and theologians who worked in Bukhara in that era were Mushfiki, Nizami Muamaya, and Mohammad Amin Zahed.^[] Molana Abd-al Hakim was the most famous of the many physicians who practised in the Bukharan khanate in the 16th century.^[]

Abd al-Aziz Khan (1540–1550) established a library "having no equal" the world over. The prominent scholar Sultan Mirak Munshi worked there from 1540. The gifted calligrapher Mir Abid Khusaini produced masterpieces of Nastaliq and Reihani script. He was a brilliant miniature-painter, master of encrustation, and was the librarian (kitabdar) of Bukhara's library.

The Shaybanids instituted a number of measures to improve the khanate's system of public education. Each neighborhood mahalla — unit of local self-government — of Bukhara had a hedge school, while prosperous families provided home education to their children. Children started elementary education at the age of six. After two years they could be taken to madrasah. The course of education in madrasah consisted of three steps of seven years each. Hence, the whole course of education in madrasah lasted twenty-one years. The pupils studied theology, arithmetic, jurisprudence, logic, music, and poetry. This educational system had a positive influence upon the development and wide circulation of the Persian and Uzbek languages, and on the development of literature, science, art, and skills.^[]

أسرة جاني

أسرة جاني (سليلوالأستراخانيين) حكموا الخانية من 1599 حتى 1747. Yar Muhammad and his family had escaped from Astrakhan after Astrakhan fell to Russians. He had a son named Jani Muhammad who had two sons named Baqi Muhammad and Vali Muhammad from his wife, التي كانت ابنة آخر حاكم شيباني.

قائمة الحكام

انظر الشيبانيون.
انظر آل جاني.

- انفصمت خانية بخارى إلى:
انظر Manghits — (إمارة بخارى).
انظر Yadigarids and later Qongirats — (خانية خيوة).
انظر Minglars — (خانية قوقند).

آل جاني

Baqi Muhammad Khan (1599–1605)
Vali Muhammad Khan (1605–1611)
Imam Quli Khan (1611–1642)
Nadir Muhamma Khand (1642–1645)
Abdul Aziz Khan (1645–1680)
Subhan Quli Khan (1680–1702)
عبيد الله خان (1702–1711)
أبوالفيض خان (1711–1747)
...
أبوالغازي خان (1758–1785)

انظر أيضاً

قائمة الأسر والبلدان التوركية
List of Sunni Muslim dynasties

حدود 1902–1903 لأراضي الامبراطورية الروسية في بخارى، خيوة، وقوقند.

الهامش

^ Ira Marvin Lapidus - 2002, A history of Islamic societies, p.374
^ Dumper, Michael; Bruce E. Stanley (2007). . Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 97. ISBN .
^ Vegetation Degradation in Central Asia Under the Impact of Human Activities, Nikolaĭ Gavrilovich Kharin, page 49, 2002
^ Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek, Julia Katschnig (2005), European Society for Central Asian Studies. International Conference, p.31
^ Soucek, Svat. A History of Inner Asia (2000), p. 180.
^ Khasan Nisari. Muzahir al-Ahbab