وصيفة
الوصيفة lady-in-waiting أوسيدة البلاط Court Lady هي female personal assistant at a court, royal or feudal, attending on a royal woman or a high-ranking noblewoman. Historically, in Europe, a lady-in-waiting was often a noblewoman from a family in "good society", but who was of lower rank than the woman on whom she attended. Although she may or may not have received compensation for the service she rendered, a lady-in-waiting was considered more of a companion to her mistress than a servant.
In other parts of the world outside Europe, the lady-in-waiting, often referred to as palace woman, was often in practice a servant or a slave rather than a high ranking woman, but still had about the same tasks, functioning as companion and secretary to her mistress. In courts where polygamy was practiced, a court lady was formally available to the monarch for sexual services, and she could become his wife or concubine.
Lady-in-waiting or court lady is often a generic term for women whose relative rank, title, and official functions varied, although such distinctions were also often honorary. A royal woman may or may not be free to select her ladies, and, even when she has such freedom, her choices are usually heavily influenced by the sovereign, her parents, her husband, or the sovereign's ministers (for example, in the Bedchamber crisis).
الواجبات
The duties of ladies-in-waiting varied from court to court, but functions historically discharged by ladies-in-waiting included proficiency in the etiquette, languages, and dances prevalent at court; secretarial tasks; reading correspondence to her mistress and writing on her behalf; embroidery, painting, horse riding, music making and participation in other queenly pastimes; wardrobe care; supervision of servants; keeping her mistress abreast of activities and personages at court, and discreetly relaying messages upon command.
حسب البلاط
الصين
فرنسا
اليابان
انظر أيضاً
- Chaperone (social)
- Lady's companion
- Lady's maid
- Manservant
- Odalisque
الهامش
المراجع
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- Akkerman, Nadine; Houben, Birgit, The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-waiting across Early Modern Europe[]
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- Ladies-in-Waiting and Equerries, http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/RoyalHouseholddepartments/ThePrivateSecretarysOffice/LadiesinWaitingandEquerries.aspx
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- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Honour". دائرة المعارف البريطانية. 13 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 664.
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- Seward, Desmond (2004), Eugénie. An empress and her empire, Stroud: Sutton, cop., ISBN 0-7509-2979-0
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وصلات خارجية
- Alchin, Linda. "Lady in Waiting". Elizabethan Era. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
