السقم الهولندي

السقم الهولندي (Dutch Disease)، اسم لـ حالة من الكسل والتراخي الوظيفي أصابت الشعب الهولندي في النصف الأول من القرن الماضي 1900-1950، بعد اكتشاف النفط في بحر الشمال، حيث هجع للترف والراحة واستلطف الانفاق الاستهلاكي البذخي، فكان حتى دفع ضريبة هذه الحالة ولكن بعد ان أفاق على حقيقة نضوب الآبار التي استنزفها باستهلاكه غير المنتج فمضىت تسميتها في التاريخ الاقتصادي بالسقم الهولندي.

أمثلة

الهروع للمضى الأسترالي في القرن 19، وكان أول من خط عنه كيرنز في 1859
Australian mineral commodities in the 2000s and 2010s
علامات ظهور السقم الهولندي في تشيلي في أواخر ع2000، بسبب ازدياد أسعار المواد المعدنية في الأسواق العالمية prices
النفط الأذربيجاني في ع2000
Canada's rising dollar hampered its manufacturing sector beginning in the 2000s and continues today due to foreign demand for natural resources, with the أتاباسكا، الرمال النفطية becoming increasingly dominant.
Indonesia's greatly increased export revenues after the oil booms in 1974 and 1979
نيجريا والدول الأفريقية الأخرى بعد الاستقلال في ع1990
The Philippines' strong foreign exchange market inflows in the 2000s leading to appreciation of currency and loss of competitiveness
Russian oil and natural gas in the 2000s
Gold and other wealth imported to Spain during the 16th century from the Americas
تأثير نفط بحر الشمال على قطاعات الصناعة في النرويج والمملكة المتحدة في 1970-1990.
Post-disaster booms accompanied by inflation following the provision of large amounts of relief and recovery assistance such as occurred in some places in Asia following the Asian tsunami in 2004
Using the official exchange rate, Caracas is the most expensive city in the world, though the black market exchange rate is said to be six times as many pesos to the dollar as the official one. Being a large exporter of oil revenues also keeps the currency's value above what it would otherwise be.

Using data on 118 countries over the period 1970-2007, a study by economists at the University of Cambridge provides evidence against the Dutch disease operating in primary commodity abundant countries. كما يوضحوا حتى تذبذب أسعار السلع، وليس وفرتها، هوما يقود مفارقة لعنة الموارد.

انظر أيضاً

لعنة الموارد
المفارقة النرويجية

المراجع

^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Corden
^ Peter Martin (2012-08-30). "Warning: After the boom it'll be Dutch and go". Sydney Morning Herlad.
^ Paul Cleary (2007-11-11). "Mining boom could bust us". The Age.
^ Peter Ker and Ben Schniders (2011-09-06). "Labor woeful on economic reform, Says Argus".
^ http://www.economia.puc.cl/docs/luders_27_01_10.pdf
^ "Boom and gloom". The Economist. 2007-03-08.
^ Lee Greenberg (2011-07-20). "Growing Equalization Payments to Ontario Threaten Country". National Post.
^ Michel Beine, Charles S. Bos, Serge Coulombe (January 2009). "Does the Canadian economy suffer from Dutch Disease?" (PDF).CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Peter McCawley, 'Indonesia's New Balance of Payments Problem: a Surplus to get rid of', Ekonomi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 28(1), March 1980, pp. 39-58.
^ "Our Continent, Our Future", Mkandawire, T. and C. Soludo. "In most recent attempts to explain Africa's performance with growth and investment regressions, studies find that inaccessible location, poor port facilities, and the 'Dutch Disease' syndrome, caused by large natural-resource endowments, constitute serious impediments to investment and growth".
^ "Strong forex inflows now hurting economy, GMANews.TV.
^ "Dutch Disease Hits Russia", Latsis, O. (2005). Moscow News, June 8–14.
^ Mining accounts for most of the economic growth
^ Bjornland, Hilde (1998). "The Economic Effects of North Sea Oil on the Manufacturing Sector". Scottish Journal of Political Economy. doi:10.1111/1467-9485.00112.
^ Sisira Jayasuriya and Peter McCawley (2008), 'Reconstruction after a Major Disaster: Lessons from the Post-tsunami Experience in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, and Thailand', ADBI Working Paper No 125.
^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23970027
^ Cavalcanti, Tiago; Mohaddes, Kamiar & Raissi, Mehdi (2011). "Commodity Price Volatility and the Sources of Growth" (PDF). Cambridge Working Papers in Economics.

للاستزادة

Buiter, Willem H.; Purvis, Douglas D. (1983). "Oil, Disinflation, and Export Competitiveness: A Model of the 'Dutch Disease'". In Bhandari, Jagdeep S.; Putnam, Bluford H. (eds.). Economic Interdependence and Flexible Exchange Rates. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 221–247. ISBN .