الميتاماتريال Metamaterials، هي مواد إصطناعية هُندست لتكتسب خصائص قد لا تتوافر في الطبيعة. artificial materials engineered to have properties that may not be found in nature. They are assemblies of multiple individual elements fashioned from conventional microscopic materials such as metals or plastics, but the materials are usually arranged in periodic patterns. Metamaterials gain their properties not from their composition, but from their exactingly-designed structures. Their precise shape, geometry, size, orientation and arrangement can affect the waves of light or sound in an unconventional manner, creating material properties which are unachievable with conventional materials. These metamaterials achieve desired effects by incorporating structural elements of sub-wavelength sizes, i.e. features that are actually smaller than the wavelength of the waves they affect.

The primary research in metamaterials investigates materials with negative refractive index. Negative refractive index materials appear to permit the creation of superlenses which can have a spatial resolution below that of the wavelength. In other work, a form of 'invisibility' has been demonstrated at least over a narrow wave band with gradient-index materials. Although the first metamaterials were electromagnetic,acoustic and seismic metamaterials are also areas of active research.

Potential applications of metamaterials are diverse and include remote aerospace applications, sensor detection and infrastructure monitoring, smart solar power management, public safety, radomes, high-frequency battlefield communication and lenses for high-gain antennas, improving ultrasonic sensors, and even shielding structures from earthquakes.

The research in metamaterials is interdisciplinary and involves such fields as electrical engineering, electromagnetics, solid state physics, microwave and antennae engineering, optoelectronics, classic optics, material sciences, semiconductor engineering, nanoscience and others.

الميتاماتريال الكهرومغناطيسية

مؤشر الإنكسار السلبي

تصنيف الميتاماتريال الكهرومغناطيسية

مواد المؤشر السلبي

Single negative metamaterials

Electromagnetic bandgap metamaterials

الوسط الإيجابي المزودج

Bi-isotropic and bianisotropic metamaterials

Chiral metamaterials

${\displaystyle n={\sqrt {\epsilon _{r \mu _{r \pm \kappa$

تاريخ الميتاماتيريال

يبدأ تاريخ الميتاماتيريال عقب تطوير العوازل الصناعية في هندسة الميكروويف لأنها وضعت بعد تاريخ الرادار في الحرب العالمية الثانية . وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك استكشافات عديدة من المواد الاصطناعية لمعالجة الموجات الكهرومغناطيسية في نهاية القرن 19th. وبالتالي، فإن التاريخ يتعلق بما وارء ذلك هوفي جوهره تاريخ تطوير أنواع معينة من المواد المصنعة، التي تتفاعل في تردد الراديو، الميكروويف، وفيما بعد الترددات الضوئية .

تطبيقات الميتاماتريال

ميتاماتريال تراهرتز

الميتاماتريال الضوئية

Tunable metamaterials

الميتاماتريال الپلازمية

هوائيات الميتاماتريال

FSS based metamaterials

Nonlinear metamaterials

Metamaterial absorber

Superlens

أجهزة الحجب

الميتاماتريال المرنة

Acoustic metamaterials

الميتاماتريال السيزمية

منطقات متعلقة

العوازل الصناعية

Split-ring resonators

الإنكسار السلبي

نماذج نظرية

معاهد بحثية لأبحاث الميتاماتريال

انظر أيضاً

• Magnonics

جرائد أكاديمية

• Metamaterials (journal)

خط

• Metamaterials Handbook
• Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

صفحات تعليمية عن الميتاماتريال:

• Nanophotonics group. Prof. Min Qiu. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). Sweden.
• ETA research group. Prof. Christophe Caloz. Polytechnique Montréal.
• Metamaterials. Electromagnetics Group. George Eleftheriades. University of Toronto.
• The Engheta Group. Nader Engheta. University of Pennsylvania.
• Electromagnetic Metamaterials. Fraunhofer FHR. Germany.
• Antennas Research Group. Prof. Yang Hao. University of London.
• Inano Group. Prof. M. Saif Islam. UC Davis.
• Mediums with Negative Phase Velocity. Prof. Akhlesh Lakhtakia. Penn State University.
• Condensed Matter Theory Group. Sir John Pendry. Imperial College. London.
• Computational Nano Materials Group Viktor Podolskiy (Assoc. Prof.). UMass Lowell.
• Shvets Research Group, University of Texas at Austin – US
• David Smith's research group — Duke University — US
• Costas Soukoulis at IESL, Greece — Photonic, Phononic & MetaMaterials Group
• Srinivas Sridhar's Group Northeastern University
• Irina Veretennicoff's research group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel — Belgium
• Christophe Craeye's research group – Belgium
• Martin Wegener's Metamaterials group Universität Karlsruhe (TH) — Germany
• Georgios Zouganelis's Metamaterials Group – NIT — Japan]
• Xiang Zhang's group – UC Berkeley – US
• Sergei Tretyakov's group – Helsinki University of Technology, Finland
• Gengkai Hu's group – Beijing Institute of Technology, (PRC)
• Institute of Applied Phyisical Problems – BSU – Belarus]
• Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southhampton

بوابات على الإنترنت:

• Scholar Google profile on metamaterials
• MetaMaterials.net Web Group
• Center for Metamaterials and Integrated Plasmonics, Duke University
• Journal "Metamaterials" published by Elsevier (homepage)
• Online articles: "Metamaterials" in ScienceDirect
• RSS feed for Metamaterials articles published in Physical Review Journals
• Virtual Institute for Artificial Electromagnetic Materials and Metamaterials ("METAMORPHOSE VI AISBL")
• European Network of Excellence "METAMORPHOSE" on Metamaterials
• SensorMetrix Formed with a specific directive to exploit the recent advances in electromagnetic metamaterials
• Metamaterials collection on IOPscience (IOP Publishing)

منطقات وعروض تقديمية إضافية:

• Dr. Sebastien Guenneau. Research on Metamaterials and Photonic Crystal Fibres
• UWB Tunable Delay System, Prof Christophe Caloz, Ecole Polytechnique, Montreal
• What are Metamaterials ? An index page by Dr. Stefan Linden and Prof. Dr. Martin Wegener
• Raytracing Metamaterials (demonstrations)
• Multifunctionality.
• Cloaking devices, nihility bandgap, LF magnetic enhancement, perfect radome NIT Japan
• Left-Handed Flat Lens HFSS Tutorial Electromagnetism Tutorial
• Journal of Optics A, February 2005 Special issue on Metamaterials
• Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction
• How To Make an Object Invisible
• Metamaterials hold key to cloak of invisibility