رامزي ماكدونالد (Ramsay MacDonald): سياسي بريطاني وُلد 12 أكتوبر 1866 . ارتقى من أصول متواضعة ليصبح أول رئيس وزراء من حزب العمل البريطاني في عام1924. تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا مرتين: 22 يناير 1924،خمسة يونيو1929 إلى 1935. تُوفىتسعة نوفمبر 1937.

زعيم الحزب

حكومات ماكدونالد

حكومة العمال الأولى: يناير–نوفمبر 1924

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister, Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Haldane: Lord Chancellor and joint Leader of the House of Lords
• Lord Parmoor: Lord President of the Council and joint Leader of the House of Lords
• John Robert Clynes: Lord Privy Seal and Deputy Leader of the House of Commons
• Philip Snowden: Chancellor of the Exchequer
• Arthur Henderson: Home Secretary
• James Henry Thomas: Secretary of State for the Colonies
• Stephen Walsh: Secretary of State for War
• Sir Sydney Olivier: Secretary of State for India
• William Adamson: Secretary for Scotland
• Lord Thomson: Secretary for Air
• Lord Chelmsford: First Lord of the Admiralty
• Josiah Wedgwood: Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
• Sidney Webb: President of the Board of Trade
• Noel Buxton: Minister of Agriculture
• Charles Philips Trevelyan: رئيس مجلس التعليم
• Vernon Hartshorn: Postmaster-General
• Frederick William Jowett: First Commissioner of Works
• Thomas Shaw: Minister of Labour
• John Wheatley: Minister of Health

حكومة العمال الثانية: June 1929 – August 1931

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Sankey: Lord Chancellor
• Lord Parmoor: Lord President of the Council and Leader of the House of Lords
• J. H. Thomas: Lord Privy Seal
• Philip Snowden: Chancellor of the Exchequer
• J. R. Clynes: Home Secretary
• Arthur Henderson: Foreign Secretary
• Lord Passfield: Secretary of State for the Colonies and Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
• Thomas Shaw- Secretary of State for War
• William Wedgwood Benn: Secretary of State for India
• Lord Thomson: Secretary of State for Air
• William Adamson: Secretary of State for Scotland
• A. V. Alexander: First Lord of the Admiralty
• William Graham: President of the Board of Trade
• Sir Charles Philips Trevelyan: President of the Board of Education
• Noel Buxton: Minister of Agriculture
• Margaret Bondfield: Minister of Labour
• Arthur Greenwood: Minister of Health
• George Lansbury: First Commissioner of Works

التغييرات

• June 1930: J.H. Thomas succeeds Lord Passfield as Dominions Secretary. Passfield remains Colonial Secretary. Vernon Hartshorn succeeds Thomas as Lord Privy Seal. Christopher Addison succeeds Noel Buxton as Minister of Agriculture
• October 1930: Lord Amulree succeeds Lord Thomson as Secretary of State for Air
• March 1931: H.B. Lees-Smith succeeds Sir C.P. Trevelyan at the Board of Education. Herbert Morrison enters the cabinet as Minister of Transport. Thomas Johnston succeeds Hartshorn as Lord Privy Seal

الحكومة الوطنية الأولى: August–November 1931

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Sankey: Lord Chancellor*
• ستانلي بالدوين: Lord President**
• Philip Snowden: Chancellor of the Exchequer*
• Sir Herbert Samuel: Home Secretary***
• Lord Reading: Foreign Secretary and Leader of the House of Lords***
• Sir Samuel Hoare: Secretary for India**
• J.H. Thomas: Dominions Secretary and Colonial Secretary*
• Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister: President of the Board of Trade**
• Neville Chamberlain: Minister of Health**

الحكومة الوطنية الثانية: November 1931 – May 1935

• Ramsay MacDonald: Prime Minister and Leader of the House of Commons
• Lord Sankey: Lord Chancellor*
• ستانلي بالدوين: Lord President**
• Lord Snowden: Lord Privy Seal*
• Neville Chamberlain: Chancellor of the Exchequer**
• Sir Herbert Samuel: Home Secretary***
• Sir John Simon: Foreign Secretary****
• Sir Philip Cunliffe-Lister: Colonial Secretary**
• J.H. Thomas: Dominions Secretary*
• Lord Hailsham: Secretary of State for War and Leader of the House of Lords**
• Sir Samuel Hoare: Secretary of State for India**
• Lord Londonderry: Secretary for Air**
• Sir Archibald Sinclair: Secretary of State for Scotland***
• Sir B. Eyres-Monsell: First Lord of the Admiralty**
• Walter Runciman: President of the Board of Trade****
• Sir John Gilmour: Minister of Agriculture**
• Sir Donald Maclean: President of the Board of Education***
• Sir Henry Betterton: Minister of Labour**
• Sir E. Hilton-Young: Minister of Health**
• William Ormsby-Gore: First Commissioner of Works**

التغييرات

• June 1932: Lord Irwin** succeeds Sir Donald Maclean (deceased) as President of the Board of Education
• September 1932: Stanley Baldwin succeeds Lord Snowden as Lord Privy Seal, remaining also Lord President. Sir John Gilmour succeeds Sir Herbert Samuel as Home Secretary. Sir Godfrey Collins**** succeeds Sir Archibald Sinclair as Scottish Secretary. Walter Elliot** succeeds Sir John Gilmour as Minister of Agriculture.
• December 1933: Stanley Baldwin ceases to be Lord Privy Seal, and his successor in that office is not in the cabinet. He continues as Lord President. Kingsley Wood** enters the cabinet as Postmaster-General
• June 1934: Oliver Stanley** succeeds Sir H. Betterton as Minister of Labour

مفتاح

• * = Member of National Labour
• ** = Member of the Conservative Party
• *** = Member of the Liberal Party
• **** = Member of the Liberal National Party

الهامش

للاستزادة

• Elton, Godfrey The Life of James Ramsay MacDonald 1939; to 1919
• Hinks, John Ramsay MacDonald: the Leicester years (1906–1918), Leicester, 1996
• Howell, David MacDonald's Party. Labour Identities and Crisis, 1922–1931, Oxford: OUP 2002; ISBN 0-19-820304-7
• Marquand, David Ramsay MacDonald, (London: Jonathan Cape 1977); ISBN 0-224-01295-9; the standard scholarly biography; favourable
• Marquand, David. "MacDonald, (James) Ramsay (1866–1937)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2009 accessedتسعة Sept 2012; doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/34704
• Morgan, Austen: J. Ramsay MacDonald, 1987; ISBN 0-7190-2168-5
• Morgan, Kevin. Ramsay Macdonald (2006)excerpt and text search
• Mowat, C. L. "Ramsay MacDonald and the Labour Party," in Essays in Labour History 1886–1923, edited by Asa Briggs, and john Saville, (1971)
• Mowat, Charles Loch. (1955). Britain Between the Wars, 1918–1940 Taylor & Francis.
• Owen, Nicholas. "MacDonald's Parties: The Labour Party and the ‘Aristocratic Embrace’ 1922–31," Twentieth Century British History (2007) 18#1 pp 1–53.
• Phillips, Gordon: The Rise of the Labour Party 1893–1931, London: Routledge 1992
• Rosen, Greg (ed.) Dictionary of Labour Biography, London: Politicos Publishing 2001; ISBN 978-1-902301-18-1
• Rosen, Greg (ed.) Old Labour to New. The Dreams That Inspired, the Battles That Divided, London: Politicos Publishing 2005; ISBN 978-1-84275-045-2
• Sacks, Benjamin. J. Ramsay MacDonald in Thought and Action (University of New Mexico Press, 1952), favourable biography by American scholar
• Shepherd, John. "The Lad from Lossiemouth," History Today (Nov 2007) 57#11 pp 31–33, historiography
• Skidelsky, Robert. Politicians and the Slump: The Labour Government of 1929–1931 (1967).
• Taylor, A.J.P. English History: 1914–1945 (1965)
• Thorpe, Andrew Britain in the 1930s. The Deceptive Decade, Oxford: Blackwell 1992; ISBN 0-631-17411-7
• Williamson, Philip : National Crisis and National Government. British Politics, the Economy and the Empire, 1926–1932, Cambridge: CUP 1992; ISBN 0-521-36137-0
• Wrigley, Chris. "James Ramsay MacDonald 1922–1931," in Leading Labour: From Keir Hardie to Tony Blair, edited by Kevin Jefferys, (1999)

المصادر الرئيسية

• Barker, Bernard (ed.) Ramsay MacDonald's Political Writings, Allen Lane, London 1972
• Cox, Jane A Singular Marriage: A Labour Love Story in Letters and Diaries (of Ramsay and Margaret MacDonald), London: Harrap 1988; ISBN 978-0-245-54676-1
• MacDonald, Ramsay The Socialist Movement (1911) online
• MacDonald, Ramsay Labour and Peace, Labour Party 1912
• MacDonald, Ramsay Parliament and Revolution, Labour Party 1919
• MacDonald, Ramsay Foreign Policy of the Labour Party, Labour Party 1923
• MacDonald, Ramsay Margaret Ethel MacDonald, 1924

وصلات خارجية

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Ramsay MacDonald
• A left-wing criticism of Macdonald's career Socialist Review
• More about Ramsay MacDonald Prime Minister's Office
• Ramsay MacDonald Papers, 1893–1937
• Biographical website dedicated to Harriet Cohen MacDonald was a close friend of hers
• پورتريهات Ramsay MacDonald في معرض الپورتريه الوطني، لندن
• Archival material relating to رامزى ماكدونالد listed at the UK National Register of Archives