أراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية
أراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية British Overseas Territories | |
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الفهم
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██ أراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية ██ المملكة المتحدة ██ ملحقات التاج
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| أكبر المستوطنات | جورج تاون، جبل طارق، وست باي |
| اللغات | الإنگليزية، اليونانية، الهجرية، الإسپانية، Llanito, پيتكيرن |
| صفة المواطن | بريطاني |
| أراضي | 14 أرض
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| الزعماء | |
• الملكة |
إليزابث الثانية |
| المساحة | |
• الإجمالية |
1,727,570 kم2 (667,020 ميل2) |
| التعداد | |
• تقدير |
350,000 |
| صيغة التاريخ | dd/mm/yyyy (AD) |
الأراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية الأربعة عشر، هي أراضي تحت الولاية القضائية وسيادة المملكة المتحدة. ومع ذلك، فهي لا تشكل جزءاً منها. بدلاً من ذلك، فقد كانت تلك الأراضي جزءاً من الامبراطورية البريطانية السابقة، وحصلت على استقلالها، أواختارت عن طريق استفتاء البقاء كأراضي بريطانية. لكل منها قيادة داخلية خاصة، معظمها تتمتع بالحكم الذاتي، وتتشارك الملكية البريطانية (الملكة إليزابث الثانية كرأس للدولة).
الأراضي الحالية ما وراء البحار
الأراضي الأربعة عشر ما وراء البحر:
| الفهم | الدرع | الاسم | المسقط | الشعار | المساحة | السكان | العاصمة |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| أكروتيري وذكليا | البحر المتوسط (قبرص) | 255 kم2 (98 ميل2) | 14,000 (about half British military and staff); | Episkopi Cantonment | |||
| أنگويلا | الكاريبي وشمال المحيط الأطلسي | Strength and Endurance | 91 kم2 (35.1 ميل2) | 13,500 | ذي ڤالي | ||
| برمودا | شمال المحيط الأطلسي | Quo fata ferunt (Latin: "Whither the Fates carry [us]") | 54 kم2 (20.8 ميل2) | 64,000 (2007 estimate) | هاميلتون | ||
| أراضي أنتاركتيكا البريطانية | أنتاركتيكا | البحث والاكتشاف | 1,709,400 kم2 (660,000 ميل2) | 50 in winter; over 400 in summer | روثيرا (القاعدة الرئيسية) | ||
| أراضي المحيط الهندي البريطانية | Indian Ocean | In tutela nostra Limuria (Latin: "Limuria is in our charge") | 46 kم2 (18 ميل2) | About 3,000 UK and US military and staff. | دييگوگارسيا (القاعدة) | ||
| الجزر العذراء البريطانية | الكاريبي وشمال المحيط الأطلسي | Vigilate (Latin: "Be watchful") | 153 kم2 (59 ميل2) | 27,000 (2005 estimate) | رود تاون | ||
| جزر كايمان | الكاريبي وشمال المحيط الأطلسي | He hath founded it upon the seas | 264 kم2 (101.9 ميل2) | 54,878 | جورج تاون | ||
| جزر فوكلاند | جنوب المحيط الأطلسي | Desire the right | 12,173 kم2 (4,700 ميل2) | 2,955 (2006 census) | ستانلي | ||
| جبل طارق | شبه الجزيرة الأيبيرية (أوروپا القارية) | Nulli expugnabilis hosti (Latin: "No enemy shall expel us") | 6.5 kم2 (2.5 ميل2) | 28,800 (2005) | جبل طارق | ||
| مونتسرات | الكاريبي وشمال المحيط الأطلسي | 101 kم2 (39 ميل2) | 4,655 (2006 estimate) | پليماوث (هجرت بسبب بركان، العاصمة بحكم الأمر الواقع هي براس) | |||
| جزر پيتكيرن | المحيط الهادي |
45 kم2 (17 ميل2) (جميع الجزر) |
48 (2012) | آدمزتاون | |||
| سانت هيلينا، أسنشن وتريستان دا كونيا | جنوب المحيط الأطلسي | Loyal and Unshakeable | 420 kم2 (162 ميل2) |
5,530 الإجمالي 4,255 (سانت هلينا فقط؛ تقديرات 2008) 1,275 (أسنشن وتريستان دا كونيا؛تقديرات 2008) |
جيمستاون | ||
| Our faith is our strength | |||||||
| جورجيا الجنوبية وجزر ساندويتش الجنوبية | جنوب المحيط الأطلسي | Leo terram propriam protegat (Latin: "Let the lion protect his own land") | 4,066 kم2 (1,570 ميل2) | 99 (غير دائمة) | كينگ إدوارد پوينت | ||
| جزر هجرس وكايكوس | Lucayan Archipelago and North Atlantic Ocean | "Beautiful by nature, clean by choice" | 430 kم2 (166 ميل2) | 32,000 (2006 census estimate) | كوكبرن تاون |
التاريخ
St. George's town, in the Islands of Bermuda, or "The Somers Isles". The colony was founded by the wrecking of the flagship of the Virginia Company in 1609. The Company's charter was extended to include Bermuda in 1612, and it has remained a British colony ever since. Since the independence of Virginia, it has been the oldest-remaining British colony, and the town of St. George's is the oldest continuously inhabited British settlement in the New World.
Many of the overseas territories are in the Caribbean, as shown on the map.
الحكومة
رأس الدولة
الحكومة المحلية
| الأراضي | الحكومة |
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There is no native or permanent population; therefore there is no elected government. The Commissioner, supported by an Administrator, run the affairs of the territory. |
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There is no elected government, and there is no native settled population. The Chagos Islanders – who were forcibly evicted from the territory in 1971 – won a High Court Judgement allowing them to return but this was then over-ridden by an Order in Council preventing them from returning. The final appeal (regarding the lawfulness of the order in council) to the House of Lords was decided in the government's favour, exhausting their legal options in the United Kingdom at present. |
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There is no elected government. However, the Commander British Forces Cyprus also acts as the territory's Administrator, with a Chief Officer responsible for day-to-day running of the civil government; as far as possible, there is convergence of laws with those of the Republic of Cyprus. |
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There are an elected Mayor and Island Council, who have the power to propose and administer local legislation. However, their decisions are subject to approval by the Governor, who retains near-unlimited powers of plenary legislation on behalf of the United Kingdom Government. |
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The Government consists of an elected Legislative Assembly, with the Chief Executive and the Director of Corporate Resources as ex officio members. |
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The Government consists of an elected Legislative Council. The Governor is the head of government and leads the Executive Council, consisting of appointed members made up from the Legislative Council and two ex-officio members. Governance on Ascension Island and Tristan da Cunha is led by Administrators which are advised by elected Island Councils. |
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These territories have a House of Assembly, Legislative Assembly (Cayman Islands), or Legislative Council (Montserrat) with political parties. The Executive Council is usually called a cabinet and is led by a Premier or a Chief Minister (in Anguilla), who is the leader of the majority party in parliament. The Governor exercises less power over local affairs and deals mostly with foreign affairs and economic issues, while the elected government controls most "domestic" concerns.[] |
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Under the Gibraltar Constitution Order 2006 which was approved in Gibraltar by a referendum, Gibraltar now has a Parliament. The Government of Gibraltar, headed by the Chief Minister is elected. Defence, external affairs and internal security vest in the Governor as a matter of distribution of powers. |
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Bermuda, settled in 1609, and self-governed since 1620, is the oldest and most populous of the Overseas Territories. The bi-cameral Parliament consists of a Senate and a House of Assembly, and most executive powers have been devolved to the head of government, known as the Premier.[] The Turks and Caicos Islands adopted a new constitution effectiveتسعة August 2006; their head of government now also has the title Premier, their legislature is called the House of Assembly, and their autonomy has been greatly increased.[] |
النظام القضائي
العلاقات مع المملكة المتحدة
Tristan da Cunha onستة February 2013, as seen from space. The population was temporarily evacuated to the UK in 1961 because of an eruption. Postal code TDCU 1ZZ
Coastline at Little Bay, the site of the new capital of Montserrat replacing Plymouth. The project is funded by the UK's Department for International Development.
الشؤون الخارجية
Map showing the portion of Antarctica claimed by the UK as British Antarctic Territory.
Gibraltar is the only overseas territory included in the European Union
العملات
| المسقط | العملة الأصلية |
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جنيه إسترليني |
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جنيه جزر فوكلاند (مع الجنيه الإسترليني) |
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جنيه جبل طارق (مع الجنيه الإسترليني) |
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جنيه سانت هيليني
(مع الجنيه الإسترليني) |
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الدولار الأمريكي (بحكم الأمر الواقع) |
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الدولار الأمريكي |
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دولار شرق الكاريبي (2.7EC$=1US$) |
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دولار برمودي (مع الدولار الأمريكي) |
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دولار جزر كايمان (1KY$=1.2US$) |
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دولار نيوزيلاندي |
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اليورو |
الجنسية
An Anguillian passport. Anguillan citizens often travel to the other EU territories of Saint Martin and Sint Maarten, to which their British citizenship gives them visa-free access.
العسكرية
RAF Mount Pleasant, Falkland Islands
الرموز والشعارات
Overseas Territories flags in Parliament Square in 2013
الرياضة
التنوع الحيوي
A Stoplight Parrotfish in Princess Alexandra Land and Sea National Park, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands
Penguins in South Georgia, 2010.
Henderson Island in the Pitcairn Islands
Rothera Research Station.
انظر أيضاً
- List of postcodes
- British overseas territory citizens in the mainland United Kingdom
- ادارة استعمارية
- وزير الدولة للمستعمرات
- Colonial Office
- Crown dependency
- الجامعات في الأراضي ما وراء البحار البريطانية
- United Kingdom Overseas Territories Association (UKOTA)
المصادر
- ^ The 14 Territories
- ^ "[ARCHIVED CONTENT] UK Overseas Territories Foreign & Commonwealth Office". Collections.europarchive.org. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "SBA Cyprus". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "British Antarctic Territory". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat – Anguilla". Thecommonwealth.org. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "UNdata | record view | Surface area in km2". United Nations. أربعة November 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Bermuda". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat – British Antarctic Territory". Thecommonwealth.org. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "British Indian Ocean Territory". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat – British Indian Ocean Territory". Thecommonwealth.org. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "British Virgin Islands (BVI)". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "The World Factbook: Cayman Islands". CIA. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat – Falkland Islands". Thecommonwealth.org. 14 June 1982. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Gibraltar". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Commonwealth Secretariat – Gibraltar". Thecommonwealth.org.سبعة November 2002. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Montserrat". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Pitcairn Island". Jncc.gov.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "UN Statistics – St Helena census 2008" (PDF). United Nations. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
- ^ "Territories: St Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha". BBC. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
- ^ Vital Statistics – SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS. 22 January 1993. CIA WORLD FACTBOOK 1992 via the Libraries of the Univ. of Missouri-St. Louis.
- ^ "Population of Grytviken, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands". Population.mongabay.com. 31 March 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Turks and Caicos Islands". Jncc.gov.uk. 1 November 2009. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Bermuda – History and Heritage". Smithsonian.com.ستة November 2007. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
- ^ "Falkland Islands Legislative Assembly". Falklands.gov.fk. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ "Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha Constitution Order 2009 (at OPSI)". Opsi.gov.uk. 16 July 2010. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
- ^ Press Release No. 133/2007. Government of Gibraltar Press Office.
- ^ "Little Bay Development". Projects.dfid.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ^ FCO country profile
- ^ CIA World Factbook – British Indian Ocean Territory
- ^ "British Indian Ocean Territory Currency". Wwp.greenwichmeantime.com.ستة March 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ^ Commemorative UK Pounds and Stamps issued in GBP have been issued. Source:[1], [2]
قراءات إضافية
- Harry Ritchie, The Last Pink Bits: Travels Through the Remnants of the British Empire (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1997)
- Simon Winchester, Outposts: Journeys to the Surviving Relics of the British Empire (London & New York, 1985)
- George Drower, Britain's Dependent Territories (Dartmouth, 1992)
- George Drower, Overseas Territories Handbook (London: TSO, 1998)
- Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson, "British Overseas Territories Law" (London: Hart Publishing, 2011)
- Ben Fogle, The Teatime Islands: Adventures in Britain's Faraway Outposts (London: Michael Joseph, 2003)
- Joseph Boromé, 'How Crown Colony Government Came to Dominica by 1898', in Aspects of Dominican History (Roseau, Dominica, 1972), 120–50
- Bonham C. Richardson (16 January 1992). . Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع British overseas territories. |
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Foreign and Commonwealth Office – UK Overseas Territories
- UK Overseas Territories Consultation, Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)
- UK Overseas Territories Conservation Forum
- British Overseas Territories Act 2002 – Text of the Act
- United Kingdom Overseas Territories Association
- Britlink – The British Overseas Territories
- Integration of the Overseas Territories
