كرنارڤون
| Caernarfon Royal Town | |
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Caernarfon Castle and quayside with Snowdonia in the distance | |
![Caernarfon Royal Town[1] [2]](/images/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png "Caernarfon Royal Town[1] [2]"){kind=small} Caernarfon Royal Town Location within the United Kingdom
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| Population | 9٬615 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SH485625 |
| • Cardiff | 171 ميل (275 kم) |
| Community |
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| Principal area |
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| Ceremonial county |
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| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CAERNARFON |
| Postcode district | LL54, LL55 |
| Dialling code | 01286 |
| Police | North Wales |
| Fire | North Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| EU Parliament | Wales |
| UK Parliament |
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| Welsh Assembly |
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Caernarfon ( //; Welsh: [kaɨrˈnarvɔn]) is a royal town, community, and port in Gwynedd, Wales, with a population of 9,615. It lies along the A487 road, on the eastern shore of the Menai Strait, opposite the Isle of Anglesey. The city of Bangor is 8.6 ميلs (13.8 kم) to the north-east, while Snowdonia fringes Caernarfon to the east and south-east. Carnarvon and Caernarvon are Anglicised spellings that were superseded in 1926 and 1974 respectively. The villages of Bontnewydd and Caeathro are close by. The town is also noted for its high percentage of native Welsh speakers. Due to this, Welsh is the predominant language of the town.
Abundant natural resources in and around the Menai Strait enabled human habitation in prehistoric Britain. The Ordovices, a Celtic tribe, lived in the region during the period known as Roman Britain. The Roman fort Segontium was established around AD 80 to subjugate the Ordovices during the Roman conquest of Britain. The Romans occupied the region until the end of Roman rule in Britain in 382, after which Caernarfon became part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. In the late 11th century, William the Conqueror ordered the construction of a motte-and-bailey castle at Caernarfon as part of the Norman invasion of Wales. He was unsuccessful, and Wales remained independent until around 1283.
In the 13th century, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, ruler of Gwynedd, refused to pay homage to Edward I of England, prompting the English conquest of Gwynedd. This was followed by the construction of Caernarfon Castle, one of the largest and most imposing fortifications built by the English in Wales. In 1284, the English-style county of Caernarfonshire was established by the Statute of Rhuddlan; the same year, Caernarfon was made a borough, a county and market town, and the seat of English government in north Wales.
The ascent of the House of Tudor to the throne of England eased hostilities between the English and resulted in Caernarfon Castle falling into a state of disrepair. The city has flourished,[] leading to its status as a major tourist centre and seat of Gwynedd Council, with a thriving harbour and marina. Caernarfon has expanded beyond its medieval walls and experienced heavy suburbanisation. Its population includes the largest percentage of Welsh-speaking citizens anywhere in Wales. The status of Royal Borough was granted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1963 and amended to Royal Town in 1974. The castle and town walls are part of a World Heritage Site described as the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd.
التاريخ
انظر أيضاً
- George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon
المراجع
- ^ "How does a town get a "Royal" title?". BBC. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
- ^ "Welcome to Caernarfon Royal Town Council's New Website".
- ^ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ^ Gareth Edwards. "Caernarfon Tourist Information". Visitcaernarfon.com. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
- ^ "2011 Census results by Community". Welsh Language Commissioner. Welsh Language Commissioner. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017.
- ^ "BBC News - How does a town get a 'royal' title?". Bbc.co.uk. 17 March 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
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للاستزادة
- Taylor, Arnold (1997) [1953]. Caernarfon Castle and Town Walls (4th ed.). Cardiff: Cadw – Welsh Historic Monuments. ISBN .
- Caernarfon Waterfront: Understanding Urban Caracter, published by Cadw, 2010
وصلات خارجية
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مشاع الفهم فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Caernarfon. |
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Caernarfon. |
- Official Website
- Encyclopædia Britannica Caernarfon
- Visit to Caernarfon
