جبهة رأس البحر

	مراجع مخطية عن ; the Gallipoli Campaign
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Landing at Cape Helles
	جزء من the Gallipoli Campaign
	; Sedd-el-Bahr fort seen from the bow of during the landing at V Beach
التاريخ	25–26 April 1915
المسقط	Cape Helles, Gallipoli, Adrianople Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
النتيجة	See Aftermath section
الخصوم
المملكة المتحدة; الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة	الدولة العثمانية
القادة والزعماء
Aylmer Hunter-Weston	Halil Sami Bey; Mahmud Sabri Bey
القوات
12 battalions	1 battalion (initial); 1 regiment (total)
الخسائر
6,500 killed and wounded[بحاجة لمصدر]	1,898 killed, wounded and taken prisoner

Coordinates:

The landing at Cape Helles (Turkish: Seddülbahir Çıkarması) was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula by British and French forces on 25 April 1915 during the First World War. Helles, at the foot of the peninsula, was the main landing area. With the support of the guns of the Royal Navy, the 29th Division was to advance ستة ميلs (9.7 kم) along the peninsula on the first day and seize the heights of Achi Baba. The British were then to go on to capture the forts that guarded the straits of the Dardanelles. A feigned landing at Bulair by the Royal Naval Division and a real landing at Anzac Cove were made to the north at Gaba Tepe, by the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps before dawn and a diversionary landing was made by French forces at Kum Kale on the Asiatic shore of the Straits. After dark another demonstration was made by the French in Besika Bay.

The Helles landing was mismanaged by the British commander, Major General Aylmer Hunter-Weston. V and W beaches became bloodbaths, despite the meagre defences, while the landings at other sites were not exploited. Although the British managed to gain a foothold ashore, their plans were in disarray. For two months the British fought several costly battles to reach the first day objectives but were defeated by the Ottoman army.

Background

Allied strategy and the Dardanelles

Sea access to Russia through the Dardanelles

Prelude

Ottoman defensive preparations

Map of Turkish forces at Gallipoli, April 1915

Allied plan

Cape Helles landing beaches

V Beach

Covering force

V Beach about two days after the landing, seen from the bow of .

Main force

Modern view of V Beach from Cape Helles. Sedd-el-Bahr (Seddülbahir in modern Turkish) is in the background with Sedd-el-Bahr fort behind it. V Beach CWGC Cemetery is in the middle of the picture.

W Beach (Lancashire Landing)

Covering force

A boat carrying Lancashire Fusiliers, bound for Gallipoli. Photo by Ernest Brooks.

ملاحظات

الهامش

المراجع

Books

Alexander, H. M. (1917). . London: Heinemann. OCLC 12034903. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Aspinall-Oglander, C. F. (1929). Military Operations Gallipoli: Inception of the Campaign to May 1915. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. I (1st ed.). London: Heinemann. OCLC 464479053.
Bredin, Alexander Edward Craven (1987). A History of the Irish Soldier. Belfast: Century Books. ISBN .
Broadbent, H. (2005). Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore. Camberwell, Victoria: Viking/Penguin. ISBN .
Carlyon, L. (2001). Gallipoli. Sydney: Pan Macmillan. ISBN .
Chappell, Brad (2008). The Regimental Warpath 1914–1918. Ravi Rikhye. ISBN .
Corbett, J. S. (2009) [1920]. . History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. I (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Longmans. ISBN . Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Corbett, J. S. (2009) [1929]. . History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. II (2nd ed.). London: Longmans. ISBN . Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Dennis, P.; et al. (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
Fewster, K.; et al. (2003) [1985]. Gallipoli: The Turkish Story. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN .
Gillon, S. (2002) [1925]. The Story of the 29th Division, A Record of Gallant Deeds (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Thomas Nelson. ISBN .
Haythornthwaite, P. (2004) [1991]. Gallipoli 1915: Frontal Assault on Turkey. Campaign Series. London: Osprey. ISBN .
Holmes, R., ed. (2001). The Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
Howard, M. (2002). The First World War. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
Jerrold, D. (2009) [1923]. The Royal Naval Division (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Hutchinson. ISBN .
Jones, H. A. (2002) [1928]. . History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. II (Naval & Military Press ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN . Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Keegan, J. (1998). The First World War. London: Pimlico. ISBN .
Patterson, J. H. (1916). . London: Hutchinson. OCLC 466253048. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
Thys-Şenocak, Lucienne; Aslan, Carolyn (2008). Rakoczy, Lila (ed.). The Archaeology of Destruction. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars. ISBN .
Snelling, Stephen (1995). Gallipoli. VCs of the First World War. Stroud: Alan Sutton. ISBN .
Steel, N.; Hart, P. (2002) [1994]. Defeat at Gallipoli (repr. ed.). London: Pan Books. ISBN .
Strachan, H. (2003) [2001]. The First World War: To Arms. I (paperback repr. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN .
Travers, Tim (2001). Gallipoli 1915. Stroud: Tempus. ISBN .

مواقع إلكترونية

Eastwood, J.; Boutty, C. (2001). "Feature Page of Sgt Alfred Joseph Richards V.C". XX Lancashire Fusiliers. Retrieved 8 June 2014.
Lord, C. (2014). "Gallipoli VC's". Gallipoli Association. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
Stewart, I. (21 July 2005). "The Victoria Cross awarded to Sergeant Alfred Richards, 1 Bn, Lancashire Fusiliers, has been sold at auction by Spink of London for a Hammer Price of £110,000". The Victoria Cross, Britain's Highest Award for Gallantry. Retrieved 17 December 2006.

للاستزادة

Books

Bean, C. E. W. (1921). . Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. I (11th, 1941 ed.). Sydney: Angus and Robertson. OCLC 220878987. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
Callwell, C. E. (1919). . Campaigns and their Lessons. London: Constable. OCLC 362267054. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Cooper, B. (1918). (1st ed.). London: Herbert Jenkins. OCLC 253010093. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
Hamilton, I. S. M. (1920). . I. London: Edward Arnold. OCLC 816494856. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Hamilton, I. S. M. (1920). . II. London: Edward Arnold. OCLC 816494856. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
Sanders, O. V. K. Liman von (1919). [Five Years in Turkey] (in German) (1st ed.). Berlin: Scherl. OCLC 69108964. Retrieved 6 June 2014.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)

المواقع الإلكترونية

"Gallipoli Part II: The First Day on the Peninsula". Turkey in the First World War.com. Retrieved 17 September 2006. ^[]
"Gallipoli Day, Royal Regiment of Fusiliers". United Kingdom Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 28 July 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2006.
Sugarman, M. (1999). "The Zion Muleteers of Gallipoli (March 1915 – May 1916)". The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 27 May 2014.