الفهم المسيحي
لا يجب الخلط بين موضوع الموضوع والفهم الديني، السينتولوجيا، أوالعلاقة بين الدين والفهم.
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كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم
بوسطن، مساتشوستس | |
| المؤسس | ماري بيكر إدي |
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| المقرات الرئيسية والكنيسة الأم | كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم (تأسست 1879)، كريستيان ساينس پلازا، باك باي، بوسطن، مساتشوستس |
| النصوص الرئيسية | ماري بيكر إدي، الفهم والصحة (1875) وكتيب الكنيس الأم (1895) |
| الأعضاء | أقل من 100,000 |
| عدد الكنائس | 1,100 في الولايات المتحدة و600 في أماكن أخرى |
| المسقط الإلكتروني | |
| christianscience.com | |
الفهم المسيحي Christian Science، هي مجموعة من الاعتقادات والممارسات تقوم بها عشيرة الحركات الدينية الجديدة ذات الفكر الجديد-الميتافيزيقي. أسستها وطورتها في القرن التاسع عشر بالولايات المتحدة ماري بيكر إدي (1821–1910)، ووصفتها لأول مرة في كتابها الفهم والصحة (1875)، نص ديني مرتبطالكتاب المقدس. بعد أربع سنوات، أسست إدي كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم في بوسطن، مساتشوستس. وهي كغيرها من الكنائس المسيحية تؤمن بفهم الله المطلق وبسلطة الكتاب المقدس، وتعتبر صلب وموت وقيامة يسوع المسيح كأساس لخلاص البشرية. ولكنها تختلف عن المسيحية التقليدية بإيمانها حتى المسيح هوكائن سماوي روحي ولكنه غير إلهي، وأيضا باعتبارها الخليقة على أنها وجود روحي كلي. وبسبب التشابه مع المجموعات الأخرى فإن الكثيرين يعتقدون حتى الفهم المسيحي هوبدعة غير مسيحية.
وتقول بأن الخطيئة تنفي وتقاوم سيادة الله على العالم وتشوه حقيقة حتى الله هومصدر الحياة، لذلك فأن علاج الأمراض بطريقة روحية يمثل عنصراً أساسياً للخلاص من الجسد، كما أنه من الممارسات الأكثر أهمية بالنسبة للكنيسة. استنادا على هذا يرفض معظم أتباع هذه الكنيسة المساعدة الطبية في الشفاء من الأمراض، وينخرط أتباع آخرون فيها بشكل تام مع مؤسسة تعهد بممارسي الفهم المسيحي. ويقوم قراء مختارون بترأس خدمة يوم الأحد والتي تهجرز على قراءة مقاطع من الكتاب المقدس ومن كتاب ماري بيكر إيدي (العلوم والصحة ومفتاح نصوص الكتاب المقدس) والذي نشر لأول مرة عام 1875.
في تعداد 1936، وصلت شعبية الحركة لذروتها، بلغ أتباعها حوالي 270.000 في الولايات المتحدة. في 2010، كان عدد كنائس الفهم المسيحي حوالي 1.100 كنيسة في الولايات المتحدة، و600 في أماكن أخرى، وعدد أفرادها كان 100.000 شخص.
التاريخ والتطور
خلفية
طائفة الفهم المسيحي
The Christian Science seal includes the Cross and Crown and words from the New Testament
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جزء من سلسلة عما بـ |
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الهيئات
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Religion portal |
ماري بيكر إدي
| الفهم المسيحي | |
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صورة مبكرة لماري بيكر إدي، يحتمل أنها ترجع إلى خمسينيات القرن التاسع عشر.
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| وُلـِد |
Mary Morse Baker يوليو16, 1821 باو، نيوهامپشاير |
| توفي | ديسمبر 3, 1910 (عن عمر 89 عاماً) تشتنت هيل، مساتشوستس |
| المثوى | مقبرة مونت اوبرن، كمبردج، مساتشوتس |
| الزوج | جورج واشنطن گلوڤر (m. 1843–1844) دانيال پاترسون (m. 1853–1873, separated 1866) أسا گلبرت إدي (m. 1877–1882) |
| الأنجال | جورج واشنطن گلوڤر الثاني (و. 1844) |
| الوالدان | ماري بيكر (ت. 1865) أبيگيل أمبروز بيكر (ت. 1849) |
أسست ماري بيكر إيدي ممضى الفهم المسيحي، وهي التي كانت رائدة الأفكار الجديدة فيما يتعلق بالروحانية والصحة. قضت إيدي سنوات في دراسة الكتاب المقدس والصلاة والبحث في أساليب الشفاء المتنوعة بعدما اختبرت الشفاء بنفسها في 1866. وكانت النتيجة نظاماً للشفاء أطلقت عليه إسم "الفهم المسيحي" عام 1879. لقد فتح كتابها "الفهم والصحة مع مفاتيح الحدثة" أرضاً جديدة في فهم الصلة ما بين الذهن والجسد والروح. بعد ذلك أسست كلية، وكنيسة ودار للنشر والجريدة المحترمة المعروفة بإسم: "مراقب الفهم المسيحي" (“The Christian Science Monitor.”).
كانت ماري بيكر إيدي، في شبابها ضعيفة تعاني السقم. توفي زوجها الأول، جورج گلوڤر، عام 1844 بسبب الحمى الصفراء وهجرها من دون مال مع طفلها الذي ما لبثت حتى تخلّت عنه ووضعته في بيت كافل. تزوجت من دانيال باترسون في عام 1853. ثم طلّقته عام 1873. وأثناء فترة عيشها في نيوهامشِر عام 1866، ادعت اكتشافها لسر الفهم الإلهي بعد شفائها بأعجوبة من سقطة جعلتها مشلولة. مذاك راحت تعلّم تقنياتها الشفائية وفلسفتها الروحية للطلاب المهتمين.
تعليم إيدي على يد فينيس كيمبي
Phineas Parkhurst Quimby: "the truth is the cure."
ميلاد الدين
الفشل في لين
Eddy's ad (as Mary B. Glover) in the Banner of Light, July 4, 1868, offering to teach her healing method
انتقلت إيدي إلى لين، ماساشوستس عام 1875، وأسست جمعية الفهم المسيحي ونشرت كتابها تحت عنوان Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures (S&H) أي الفهم والصحة مع مفتاح الوصول إلى الكتاب المقدس. تزوجت من آسا ألبرت إيدي (مات سنة 1882) وأسسا معاً بشكل رسميّ كنيسة الفهم المسيحي. أسّست السيدة إيدي عام 1890 "الكنيسة الأم"، وهي الكنيسة الأولى للمسيح، العالم، في بوسطن ماساتشوستس. ماتت السيدة إيدي سنة 1910 وصارت السلطة الأن في مجلس أمناء كنيسة الفهم المسيحيّ.
الفهم والصحة
Image from Eddy's Christ and Christmas (1897), believed to be her writing the first edition of Science and Health in her skylight room in Lynn, Massachusetts.
فضل كويمبي على إدي
Part of the disputed text, entitled The Science of Man. Eddy gave this manuscript to a student; the student wrote at the top that it was part of Quimby's work.
مزاعم الانتحال
المسمرية الخبيثة
Eddy accused Daniel Spofford, one of her first students, of practising malicious mesmerism on her.
Asa Gilbert Eddy, Eddy's third husband, was arrested in 1878 for conspiracy to murder Spofford.
محاكمات السحرة، انادىء المؤامرة
نموالحركة
تأسيس الكنيسة والكلية
Numbers 569 and 571 Columbus Avenue, Boston, in or around 1907, where Eddy set up home and the Massachusetts Metaphysical College
محاكمة أبي كورنر
The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Boston, Massachusetts, in 1900, before the extension was built in 1906
آراء النقاد
مارك توين كان من أوائل النقاد.
منطقات مككلور
McClure's, February 1908
جناح الأصدقاء الجدد
Entrance to the Christian Science Monitor offices in Boston, Massachusetts; Eddy founded the Monitor in 1908 to combat yellow journalism
الاعتقادات والممارسات
اللاهوت
الوجود
اعتقادات حول الله، المسيح، الموت
يقول ممضى الفهم المسيحي حتى الله – وهوأب وأم للكل – هوصالح تماما وروحي بشكل تام وأن جميع خليقة الله بما فيها الطبيعة الحقيقية لكل إنسان هي الصورة الروحية الكاملة لله. وبما حتى خليقة الله صالحة فإن الشرور مثل السقم والموت والخطية لا يمكن حتى تكون جزء من الحقيقة الأساسية. بل إذا هذه الشرور ناتجة عن الحياة بعيداً عن الله. الصلاة هي طريقة أساسية ومركزية للإقتراب إلى الله وشفاء الأمراض البشرية. وهذا يختلف عن الكتاب المقدس، الذي يفهمنا حتى الإنسان مولود بالخطية الموروثة من سقوط آدم وأن الخطية تفصلنا عن الله. وبدون نعمة الله المخلصة من خلال موت المسيح على الصليب لا يمكن حتى نشفى من السقم الأعظم الذي هوالخطية.
شفاء الفهم المسيحي
السقم كخطية
بدلا من التعليم حتى يسوع يشفي أمراضنا الروحية (أنظر أشعياء 53: 5)، فإن المؤمنين بالفهم المسيحي يرون خدمة المسيح كنموذج لهم للشفاء، ويؤمنون أنها تبين مركزية الشفاء بالنسبة للخلاص. يصلي أتباع ممضى الفهم المسيحي يومياً لكي يدركوا المزيد من حقيقة الله ومحبة الله وأن يختبروا ويساعدوا آخرين لكي يختبروا التأثيرات الشافية لهذا الإدراك.
الممارسون ودور التمريض
بالنسبة لمعظم أتباع ممضى الفهم المسيحي فإن الشفاء الروحي هوالخيار الأول الفعال، ولهذا يتجهون لقوة الصلاة بدلا من طلب العلاج الطبي. لقد حاربت السلطات الحكومية هذا الإتجاه مراراً، خاصة في الحالات التي تمنع فيها العناية الطبية عن القصَّر. ولكن ليس هناك أي سياسة كنسية تجبر أعضائها على إتخاذ قرارات صحية معينة.
صلاة وعلاج الفهم المسيحي
Christian Scientists' Association picnic near Lynn, Massachusetts, on July 16, 1885, to celebrate the 9th anniversary of their association and Eddy's 64th birthday.
حقوق الأطفال، العلاقة مع الطب
A Christian Science reading room, Boston, Massachusetts
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وفيات الأطفال والملاحقات القضائية
لوندمان ومككون
تجنب التطعيم
كنيسة الفهم المسيحي
الحوكمة والخدمات
كنيسة المسيح الأولى، العالم، بوسطن، مساتشوستس
الأعضاء
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Ginger Rogers |
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| Well-known Christian Scientists, from top left: ڤال كيلمر، دوريس داي، Carol Channing, گينگر روجرز، جورج هاميلتون, Cecil B DeMille، جين ستاپلتون، روبرت دوڤال، وميكي روني | |
جمعية نشر الفهم المسيحي
الجرائد
جمعية نشر الفهم المسيحي، بوسطن، مساتشوستس.
مصير الكنيسة الأم
النصب التذكاري لماري بيكإدي مقبرة مونت أوبرن، واترتاون، مساتشوستس.
أعمال لماري بيكر إدي
- الفهم والصحة (1875)
- The Science of Man, By Which the Sick are Healed (1876)
- Christian Healing (1880)
- The People's God (1883)
- Historical Sketches of Metaphysical Healing (1885)
- Defence of Christian Science (1885)
- لاونعم (1887)
- Rudiments and Rules of Divine Science (1887)
- Unity of Good and Unreality of Evil (1888)
- Retrospection and Introspection (1891)
- Rudimental Divine Science (1894)
- Manual of the Mother Church (1895)
- Pulpit and Press (1895)
- Miscellaneous Writings, 1883–1896 (1897)
- Christ and Christmas (1897)
- Christian Science versus Pantheism (1898)
- The Christian Science Hymnal (1898)
- Christian Healing and the People's Idea of God (1908)
- قصائد (1910)
- The First Church of Christ Scientist and Miscellany (1913)
- Prose Works (1925)
انظر أيضاً
- Anne Hutchinson
- آ، لي / Shakers
- Ellen G. White / Seventh-day Adventism
- Andrew Jackson Davis
- John Alexander Dowie
- Warren Felt Evans
- Bone pointing / Voodoo death
- Efficacy of prayer
- Faith healing
- Hindu idealism
- Hospital-acquired infection
- Iatrogenesis
- الفهم اليهودي
- Law of attraction
- Maya (illusion)
- Medical malpractice
- Mind over matter
- Placebo effect / Nocebo
- Psionics
- Psychosomatic medicine
- الفهم الديني
- Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905)
- Prince v. Massachusetts (1944)
- Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)
الاهوامش
- ^ Vitello (New York Times) 2010, p. 1.
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^ Saliba 2003, p. 26: "The Christian Science-Metaphysical Family. This family, known also as "New Thought" in academic literature, stresses the need to understand the functioning of the human mind in order to achieve the healing of all human ailments."
- Lewis 2003, p. 94: "Groups in the metaphysical (Christian Science–New Thought) tradition ... usually claim to have discovered spiritual laws which, if properly understood and applied, transform and improve the lives of ordinary individuals, much as technology has transformed society."
- Gallagher 2004, p. 54: ... the New Thought Movement ... combines ideas from [Mary Baker] Eddy and the prominent faith-healer Phileas Quimby."
- Melton 2005, p. 146: "Christian Science is a metaphysical religion that emerged in New England in reaction to the spiritual healing experienced by founder Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910)."
- ^ Melton 2005, pp. 146–147.
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^ For the 1936 figure of 268,915, see Schoeplin 2001, p. 119.
- For 2010 figures and the number of churches, see Vitello (New York Times) 2010, , p. 1.
- Gallagher 2004, p. 54, writes that the church had almost 100,000 members in 2003.
- ^ Gottschalk 2006, p. 64.
- ^ Gill 1998, pp. 244, 288.
- ^ Fraser 1999, p. 37.
- ^ Gill 1998, pp. 84–85.
- ^ ما هوالفهم المسيحي،يا ترى؟ أسئلة علن الكتاب المقدس
- ^ Josephine Woodbury (back row, far right) was one of several in the photograph who became prominent as Eddy's adversaries.
المصادر
- خط/فصول
- Bates, Ernest Sutherland and Dittemore, John V. Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition. A. A. Knopf, 1932.
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- منطقات/محاضرات
- Asser, S.M. and Swan, R. "Child fatalities from religion-motivated medical neglect", Pediatrics, 101(4 Pt 1), April 1998, pp. 625–629.
- Associated Press. "Court Overturns Conviction of Christian Science Couple", August 12, 1993.
- Associated Press. "Measles Outbreak Began at Ski Trip in Colorado", May 8, 1994.
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- Balliett, Whitney. "The Real Mrs. Eddy", The New York Review of Books, January 11, 2001, letter to the editor.
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- Carter, Stephen L. "The Power of Prayer, Denied", The Christian Science Monitor, February 7, 1996.
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- Greenhouse, Linda. "Supreme Court Roundup; Christian Scientists Rebuffed in Ruling By Supreme Court", The New York Times, January 23, 1996.
- Greenhouse, Linda. "January 21-27; A Court's Loud Silence", The New York Times, January 28, 1996.
- Hughes, Richard A. "The Death of Children by Faith-Based Medical Neglect", Journal of Law and Religion, 20(1), 2004.
- Jones, Gary. "The Real Mrs. Eddy", The New York Review of Books, January 11, 2001, letter to the editor.
- Jones, Tamara. "Prayers, Parental Duty : Child Deaths Put Faith on Trial", Los Angeles Times, June 17, 1989.
- Kaplan, Jeffrey. "New Religious Movements and Globalization", in Eugene V. Gallagher and Michael Ashcraft, Michael (eds.). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.
- Klassen, P.E. "Textual Healing: Mainstream Protestants and the Therapeutic Text, 1900–1925", Church History, 75(4), 2009.
- Klein, Janice. "Ann Lee and Mary Baker Eddy: The Parenting of New Religions," Journal of Psychohistory,ستة (3), 1979.
- , Court of Appeals of Minnesota, April 1995; Lundman v. McKown, North West Rep Second Ser, 4(530), April 1995, pp. 807-834.
- Margolick, David. "In Child Deaths, a Test for Christian Science", The New York Times, August 6, 1990.
- McDonald, Jean A. "Mary Baker Eddy and the Nineteenth-Century 'Public' Woman: A Feminist Reappraisal", Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 2(1), 1986.
- McKim, Randolph Harrison. "Christianity and Christian Science", The North American Review, 199(700), March 1914.
- McKim, Randolph Harrison. "What Christian Science Really Teaches", The North American Review, 200(704), July 1914.
- Melton, J. Gordon. "Christian Science," Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Infobase Publishing, 2005.
- Morrill, Susanna. "Christian Science", in Paul A. Djupe and Laura R. Olson (eds.). Encyclopedia of American Religion and Politics. Infobase Publishing, 2003.
- Morris, Henry. "'Suggestion' in the treatment of disease", British Medical Journal, 1(2581), 1910.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Science Killed Her", May 18, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "Mrs. Corner on Trial", May 22, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "The Christian Scientist Held", May 26, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "The Christian Scientist Not Indicted", June 10, 1888.
- New York Times, The. "True Origin of Christian Science", July 10, 1904.
- New York Times, The. "Dr. Alan McLane Hamilton Tells About His Visit to Mrs. Eddy", August 25, 1907.
- New York Times, The. Lay Eddyite Suicide to 'Death Thought', April 26, 1910.
- New York Times, The. "Eddyite is Held for Child's Death; London Coroner's Jury Renders a Verdict of Manslaughter", August 20, 1913.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Science Failed; English Father Appears in Court on a Manslaughter Charge", August 21, 1913.
- New York Times, The. "X-Scientist Escapes; Englishman Whose Child Died While Undergoing Treatment Is Freed", September 9, 1913.
- New York Times, The. "Congress library gets Eddy letters", April 6, 1930.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Science Text's Copyright Is Ruled Illegal by Appeals Court", September 23, 1987.
- New York Times, The. "Christian Scientists Found Liable in Death", August 19, 1993.
- , August 11, 1993
- North East Rep Second Ser. "Commonwealth v. Twitchell", 11(617), August 11, 1993, pp. 609–621.
- Novotny, T. et al. "Measles outbreaks in religious groups exempt from immunization laws", Public Health Reports, 103(1), Jan–Feb 1988, pp. 49–54.
- Parker, Gail. "Mary Baker Eddy and Sentimental Womanhood", The New England Quarterly, 43(1), March 1970, pp. 3–18.
- PBS. "Christian Science Healing", August 1, 2008.
- Prinz-Wondollek, Frank. "How does Christian Science heal?", Boston, Massachusetts, April 28, 2011.
- Roberts, John. "Religion should not put a child's health at risk", British Medical Journal, February 3, 1996.
- Schrager, Cynthia D. "Mark Twain and Mary Baker Eddy: Gendering the Transpersonal Subject", American Literature, 70(1), 1998.
- Schrager, Cynthia D. "Both Sides of the Veil: Race, Science, and Mysticism in W. E. B. Du Bois", American Quarterly, 48(4), 1996.
- Simpson, W.F. "Comparative Mortality of Two College Groups, 1945–1983",|MMWR Weekly, 40(33), August 23, 1991, pp. 579–582.
- Sparkman, John. "JSH-Online Progress", The Christian Science Journal, February 2012.
- Stark, Rodney. "The Rise and Fall of Christian Science," Journal of Contemporary Religion, 13 (2), 1998, pp. 189–214.
- Stecklow, Steve. "Church's Media Moves At Issue A Burgeoning Network Sparks Dissent", Philadelphia Inquirer, October 14, 1991.
- Stein, Stephen J. "America's Bibles: Canon, Commentary, and Community", Church History, 64(2), 1995.
- Steinfels, Peter. "Fiscal and Spiritual Rifts Shake Christian Scientists", The New York Times, February 29, 1992.
- Sugerman, D. E. et al. "Measles Outbreak in a Highly Vaccinated Population, San Diego, 2008: Role of the Intentionally Undervaccinated", Pediatrics, 125(4), April 1, 2010, pp. 747–755.
- Swami Yogananda. "Christian Science and Hindu Philosophy", East West Magazine.
- Swami Yogananda. "Christian Science and Hindu Philosophy", East West Magazine, 1926.
- Swan, Rita. "Faith healing, Christian Science, and the medical care of children",New England Journal of Medicine, 309(26), December 1983, pp. 1639–1641.
- Swan, Rita. "When Faith Fails Children", The Humanist, November/December 2000.
- Swan, Rita. "‘Matthew, you cannot be sick’", The Dublin Review, 2009–2010.
- Swanson, Douglas J. "'Standing Porter at the Door of Thought': The Social Order of the Christian Science Church," paper presented to the Western Social Science Association annual conference, 2001.
- The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. "Vaccination Exemptions", undated, accessed February 8, 2013.
- United Press International. "Court in Massachusetts upholds Christian Science Monitor's dismissal of a lesbian", The New York Times, August 22, 1985.
- Vitello, Paul. "Christian Science Church Seeks Truce With Modern Medicine", The New York Times, March 23, 2010.
- Voorhees, Amy Black. "Christian Science", in Jeffrey S. Siker (ed.). Homosexuality and Religion: An Encyclopedia. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.
- Voorhees, Amy Black. "Mary Baker Eddy, the Woman Question, and Christian Salvation", Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, 28(2), Fall 2012, pp. 5–25.
- Weddle, David L. "The Christian Science Textbook: An Analysis of the Religious Authority of Science and Health by Mary Baker Eddy", The Harvard Theological Review, 84(3), 1991.
- Wessinger, Catherine; DeChant, Dell; and Ashcraft, William Michael. "Theosophy, New Thought and New Age Movements", in Eugene V. Gallagher and Michael Ashcraft (eds.). Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006.
- Young, Beth Rapp. "Defending Child Medical Neglect: Christian Science Persuasive Rhetoric", Rhetoric Review, 20(3/4), 2001, pp. 268–292.
قراءات إضافية
- وصلات خارجية
- المسقط الرسمي للفهم المسيحي
- Christian Science publications (Journal, Herald and Sentinel)
- Eddy, Mary Baker. , 89th edition.
- New York Times, The. "Mary Baker Eddy", the newspaper's archive of articles, 1899–the present.
- Commonwealth vs. David R. Twitchell, decision of the 1993 appeal.
- Mary Baker Eddy Library
- Mary Baker Eddy Institute
- Resource for lectures on Christian Science
- Emergence International, LGBT advocacy within Christian Science.
- Longyear Museum, devoted to the life and work of Mary Baker Eddy.
- Christian Way, former Christian Scientists for Jesus.
- The Bookmark, independent source of literature on Christian Science.
- Interview with Virginia Harris, chair of the Christian Science board of directors, Larry King Live, CNN, May 4, 2001 (transcript).
- خط ومنطقات
- Ahlstrom, Sydney E. "Eddy, Mary Baker," in Edward T. James, Janet Wilson James, and Paul S. Boyer. Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary. Volume 2. Harvard University Press, 1971, p. 551ff.
- Alexander, Eben. Proof of Heaven: A Neurosurgeon's Journey into the Afterlife. Simon & Schuster, 2012.
- Bellwald, A.M. Christian Science and the Catholic Faith. Kessinger Publishing, 2005.
- Doyle, Laurance. "Science & Spirit: Where Do They Meet?" (lecture on Christian Science), Stanford University, May 6, 2008.
- Fraser, Caroline. (extract), The New York Times, August 22, 1999.
- Zaleski, Philip. "Thinking Made It So, for a While", The New York Times, August 22, 1999 (review of Caroline Fraser's God's Perfect Child).
- Fisher, H.A.L. Our New Religion. Kessinger Publishing, 2010, first published 1929.
- Fox, Margery. "Protest in Piety: Christian Science Revisited," International Journal of Women's Studies, 1(401), July/August 1978.
- Fraser, Caroline. "Overachiever", The New York Review of Books, April 27, 2000 (review of Gillian Gill's Mary Baker Eddy).
- Harrington, Anne. The Cure Within: A History of Mind-Body Medicine. W.W. Norton & Co, 2008.
- Hickey, K.S. and Lyckholm, L. "Child welfare versus parental autonomy: medical ethics, the law, and faith-based healing", Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 25(4), 2004, pp. 265–276.
- Kimball, Edward. "Facts and Fictions about Christian Science", lecture delivered April 8, 1898, from Lectures and Articles on Christian Science, Kessinger Publishing, 2005, first published 1921.
- Kimball, Edward. Christian Science and Legislation: The Endeavor to Handicap Truth. HardPress, 2012, first published 1909.
- James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. 1902 (Gifford Lectures).
- Manca, T. "Medicine and Spiritual Healing Within a Region of Canada: Preliminary Findings Concerning Christian Scientists' Healthcare Practices", Journal of Religion and Health, June 17, 2011.
- Merrick, Jana C. "Christian Science healing of minor children: Spiritual exemption statutes, First Amendment rights, and fair notice", Issues in Law and Medicine, 10(3), Winter 1994, pp. 321–342.
- Merrick, Jana C. "Spiritual healing, sick kids and the law: Inequities in the American healthcare system", American Journal of Law and Medicine, 29(2-3), 2003, pp. 269–299.
- Nudelman, A. E. "Christian Scientists' Beliefs About the Role of Suggestion in Illness and Healing", Psychological Reports, 47(2), 1980.
- Paget, Stephen. The Faith and Works of Christian Science. The MacMillan Company, 1909.
- Peel, Robert. Spiritual Healing in a Scientific Age. Harper and Row, 1987.
- Ruetenik, T. "The First Church of Christ, Pragmatist: Christian Science and Responsible Optimism", Journal of Religion and Health, 51(4), December 2012, pp. 1397–1405.
- Stores, Bruce. Christian Science: Its Encounter with Lesbian/Gay America. iUniverse, 2004.
- Snowden, James Henry. The Truth About Christian Science: The Founder and the Faith. Ulan Books 2012, first published 1920.
- Twain, Mark. , 1907.
- Zindler, Frank R. "Mary 'Faker' Eddy and the Cult of Christian Science", American Atheists, September 1987.
- خط لفهماء مسيحيين سابقين
- Fraser, Caroline. God's Perfect Child: Living and Dying in the Christian Science Church. Metropolitan Books, 1999.
- Kramer, Linda S. The Religion That Kills: Christian Science: Abuse, Neglect, and Mind Control. Bookworld Services, 1999.
- Simmons, Thomas. The Unseen Shore: Memories of a Christian Science Childhood. Beacon 1991.
- Swan, Rita. The Last Strawberry. Hag's Head Press, 2009.
- Wilson, Barbara. Blue Windows: A Christian Science Childhood. Picador 1997.
- مختارت لماري بيكر إدي (مرتبة زمنياً)
- Cather, Willa and Milmine, Georgine. "Mary Baker G. Eddy". McClure's magazine, 14 articles, January 1907 – June 1908; editorial, December 1906.
- Cather, Willa and Milmine, Georgine. The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science. Doubleday 1909; can be read at unz.org, and archive.org. Republished in 1971 by Baker Book House, and in 1993 by University of Nebraska Press.
- Wilbur, Sybil. , The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1907.
- Meehan, Michael. Mrs. Eddy and the Late Suit in Equity, Ulan Press 2012, first published 1908.
- Bancroft, Samuel P. Mrs. Eddy as I Knew Her in 1870. Geo H. Ellis Co, 1923.
- Dickey, Adam H. Memoirs of Mary Baker Eddy. Bookmark 2002, first published 1927.
- Dakin, Edwin Franden. Mrs. Eddy, the Biography of a Virginal Mind. C. Scribner's Sons, 1929.
- Powell, Lyman P. Mary Baker Eddy: A Life Size Portrait. The Christian Science Publishing Company, 1930.
- Springer, Fleta Campbell. According to the Flesh. Coward-McCann, 1930.
- Bates, Ernest Sutherland and Dittemore, John V. Mary Baker Eddy: The Truth and the Tradition. A. A. Knopf, 1932.
- Tomlinson, Irving C. Twelve Years with Mary Baker Eddy. Christian Science Publishing Society, 1945.
- Studdert Kennedy, Hugh A. Mrs. Eddy: Her Life, Her Work and Her Place in History. Farallon Press, 1947.
- Peel, Robert. Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Discovery. The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1966.
- Peel, Robert. Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Authority. The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1966.
- Peel, Robert. Mary Baker Eddy: The Years of Trial. The Christian Science Publishing Society, 1971.
- Gardner, Martin. The Healing Revelations of Mary Baker Eddy. Prometheus Books, 1993.
- Thomas, David. With Bleeding Footsteps: Mary Baker Eddy's Path to Religious Leadership. Knopf 1994.
- Nenneman, Richard A. Persistent Pilgrim: The Life of Mary Baker Eddy. Nebbadoon Press, 1997.
- Gill, Gillian. Mary Baker Eddy. Da Capo Press, 1998.
- Gottschalk, Stephen. Rolling Away the Stone: Mary Baker Eddy's Challenge to Materialism. Indiana University Press, 2006.
- منطقات موسوعية
- The New International Encyclopedia. "Christian Science", 1905.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. "Christian Science", 11th edition, 1911.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. [wikisource:1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Christian Science|"Christian Science"], 12th edition, 1922.
- Encyclopædia Britannica. "Christian Science", 2013.
- خط عن الفكر الجديد
- Braden, Charles S. Spirits in Rebellion: The Rise and Development of New Thought. Southern Methodist University Press, 1963.
- Dresser, Horatio. A History of the New Thought Movement, 1919.
- Mosley, Glenn R. New Thought, Ancient Wisdom: The History and Future of the New Thought Movement. Templeton Press, 2006.
