توماس پنفيلد جاكسون
| توماس پنفيلد جاكسون | |
|---|---|
| قاضي United States District Court for the District of Columbia | |
|
في المنصب 25 يونيو1982 – 31 أغسطس 2004 | |
| رشحه | رونالد ريگان |
| سبقه | Oliver Gasch |
| خلفه | Rosemary M. Collyer |
| تفاصيل شخصية | |
| وُلِد | 10 يناير 1937 واشنطن العاصمة, U.S. |
| توفي | يونيو15, 2013 (عن عمر 76 عاماً) كومپتون، مريلاند، الولايات المتحدة |
| الجامعة الأم |
كلية دارتموث (A.B., 1958) كلية الحقوق، جامعة هارڤرد (LL.B., 1964) |
| الخدمة العسكرية | |
| الخدمة/الفرع | البحرية الأمريكية |
| سنوات الخدمة | 1958–1961 |
توماس پنفيلد جاكسون Thomas Penfield Jackson (عاشعشرة يناير 1937 – 15 يونيو2013) كان قاضياً في United States District Court for the District of Columbia.
سيرته
Jackson was born in Washington, D.C. He graduated from Dartmouth College with an A.B. in the class of 1958, and from Harvard Law School with a LL.B. in 1964. He served in the United States Navy from 1958 to 1961. He was appointed to the Court in 1982 after serving as president of the District of Columbia Bar Association, filling the seat vacated by Oliver Gasch. He assumed senior status in 2002 and retired in 2004. Until his death, he worked as an attorney with the Jackson and Campbell, P.C., law firm.
He is perhaps best known to the public as the presiding judge in the United States v. Microsoft case. Jackson was the first in a series of judges[] worldwide to determine that Microsoft abused its market position and monopoly power in ways that were highly detrimental to innovation in the industry and consumers of the products. The summary paragraph in his findings of fact is quoted below.
Most harmful of all is the message that Microsoft's actions have conveyed to every enterprise with the potential to
innovate in the computer industry. Through its conduct toward Netscape, IBM, Compaq, Intel, and others, Microsoft has demonstrated that it will use its prodigious market power and immense profits to harm any firm that insists on pursuing initiatives that could intensify competition against one of Microsoft's core products. Microsoft's past success in hurting such companies and stifling innovation deters investment in technologies and businesses that exhibit the potential to threaten Microsoft. The ultimate result is that some innovations that would truly benefit consumers never
occur for the sole reason that they do not coincide with Microsoft's self-interest.
Microsoft attempted to show that the judge's conduct during the case demonstrated that he unfairly favored the prosecution, but they failed to do so in court proceedings. He did speak to a reporter off the record after the evidence in the case had been heard but prior to issuing his "Conclusions of law" and this was contrary to judicial rules. Speaking with that reporter he expressed unfavorable opinions and statements about Microsoft Corporation and its employees which he had developed as a result of hearing the evidence and witnesses in the trial. Speaking about Microsoft executives, he compared them to "stubborn mules who should be walloped with a two-by-four" and "gangland killers", referring to a murder case he presided over four years earlier:
On the day of the sentencing, the gang members maintained that they had done nothing wrong, saying that the whole case
was a conspiracy by the white power structure to destroy them. I am now under no illusions that miscreants will realize
that other parts of society view them that way."
The judge also characterized Microsoft leader and co-founder Bill Gates as a Napoleon, "unethical", as well as comparing him to a "drug trafficker" repeatedly caught as a result of telephone wiretaps. However, it was private meetings with journalists released after the verdict but during the appeal that granted the appeal.
Judge Jackson's order that Microsoft be divided into two companies, one owning the Windows operating system and the other owning Microsoft's various application software products, including the Internet Explorer web browser, was also reversed on appeal. Eight of his factual findings about Microsoft's monopolistic practices against the Sherman Antitrust Act, however, were upheld, though cut down based on the June 2001 appeal.
Judge Jackson, in spite of the findings of the appellate court, continued to deny that any such bias existed and insisted that any perception of bias in the minds of observers was created by Microsoft. His statements were a response to several evasive tactics Microsoft used at the trial, including falsifying video evidence, non-responsiveness on the stand, and denying allegations contained in evidence. The recusal has been called into question by some commentators, as other cases have warranted a "slap on the wrist", such as the Marion Barry trial in 1990 where Jackson said, "that he had never seen a stronger government case and was upset that some jurors would not vote to convict." The appeals court upheld the trial, but dissented that "It is worth noting that the district court judge could have recused himself in this case.... The recusal option was a compelling one."
When an unrelated case involving Microsoft and charges of discrimination was assigned to him in 2001, Jackson recused himself from the case.
Jackson was also the presiding judge in United States v. Marion S. Barry, where D.C. Mayor Marion Barry was convicted of one count of cocaine possession.
Jackson died of cancer at his home in Compton, Maryland on June 15, 2013.
الهامش
- ^ "Jackson & Campbell, P.C. : Thomas Penfield Jackson" Jackscamp.com
- ^ "Microsoft PressPass - Microsoft's Petition for Certiorari" cyber.law.harvard.edu]
- ^ "What kept Microsoft from settling its case?" kenauletta.com
- ^ ?tag=nefd.ac "Former judge defends his bid to break up Microsoft" CNET.com
- ^ "U.S. v. Microsoft: Timeline" Wired.com
- ^ "Microsoft ruling may blunt other cases" CNET.com
- ^ "Former judge defends his bid to break up Microsoft" CNET.com
- ^ "Compaq: It Was All a Big Mix-Up" Wired.com
- ^ "Gates deposition called evasive" CNET.com
- ^ "Microsoft Attacks Credibility of Intel Exec" Washingtonpost.com
- ^ "THE D.C. CIRCUIT'S GIFT TO MICROSOFT: Judge Jackson And The Appearance Of Partiality " Findlaw.com
- ^ "MS Plea: Judge Judge's Character" Wired.com
- ^ "Judge Jackson Exits Microsoft Discrimination Case" CNET.com
- ^ Practice Points: Immunized Witnesses: Lessons Learned From The Trial Of Mayor Marion S. Barry
- ^ "Thomas Penfield Jackson, federal judge, dies at 76" WashingtonPost.com
- توماس پنفيلد جاكسون at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
