| | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1944

سنة 1944 (MCMXLIV) كانت سنة كبيسة تبدأ يوم السبت (الرابط يعرض التقويم كاملاً) التقويم الگريگوري، السنة 1944 بعد الميلاد (م)، السنة 944 في الألفية 2، السنة 44 في القرن 20، والسنة خمسة في عقد 1940.

أحداث

Below, events of World War II have the "WWII" suffix.

January

• January 2 – WWII:
  • Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in North Africa.
  • Landing at Saidor: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on Papua New Guinea in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat.
• Januaryثمانية – WWII: Philippine Commonwealth troops enter the province of Ilocos Sur in northern Luzon and attack Japanese forces.
• January 11
  • President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes a Second Bill of Rights for social and economic security in his State of the Union address.
  • The Nazi German administration expands Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp into the larger standalone Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau.
• January 12 – WWII: Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle begin a 2-day conference in Marrakech.
• January 14 – WWII: Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod.
• January 15
  • WWII: The 27th Polish Home Army Infantry Division is re-created, marking the start of Operation Tempest by the Polish Home Army.
  • 1944 San Juan earthquake: An earthquake hits San Juan, Argentina, killing an estimated 10,000 people in the worst natural disaster in Argentina's history.
• January 17 – WWII:
  • The Battle of Monte Cassino begins in Italy. British forces cross the Garigliano river. U.S. Fifth Army troops commanded by Lieutenant-General Mark W. Clark arrive at the Garigliano to begin their attack against the Gustav Line south of Rome. The French Expeditionary Corps under command of General Alphonse Juin moves into the mountains north of Monte Cassino.
  • The Soviet Union ceases production of the Mosin–Nagant 1891/30 sniper rifle.
  • Meat rationing ends in Australia.
• January 20 – WWII:
  • The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin.
  • The United States 36th Infantry Division in Italy attempts to cross the Rapido river.
• January 22 – WWII: Operation Shingle: The Allies begin the assault on Anzio, Italy. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for four months.]
• January 25 – A total solar eclipse was visible in Pacific Ocean, South America, Atlantic Ocean and Africa, and was the 48th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130.
• January 27 – WWII:
  • Two-year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
  • Light cruiser is sunk by a Henschel Hs 293 guided missile from a German aircraft off Anzio, western Italy, with the loss of 46 men.
• January 30 – WWII:
  • The Battle of Cisterna opens as United States Army Rangers attempt to break out of the Anzio beachhead.
  • United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
• January 31 – WWII: Battle of Kwajalein: American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

February

• February 1 – WWII: Pacific War – United States troops land in the Marshall Islands.
• February 2 – The first issue of Human Events is published in Washington, D.C.
• February ثلاثة – WWII: United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.
• Februaryسبعة – WWII: At Anzio, German forces launch a counteroffensive.
• Februaryثمانية – WWII:
  • 2,765 drown when torpedoes .
  • 2,670 drown when torpedoes .
• February 14 – WWII: An anti-Japanese revolt breaks out on Java.
• February 15 – WWII – Battle of Monte Cassino: The monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.
• February 17 – WWII: Pacific War – The Battle of Eniwetok begins when U.S. forces invade the atoll in the Marshall Islands.
• February 18 – WWII: light cruiser is torpedoed and sunk by . 417 of her crew, including the captain, go down with the ship; 206 survive.
• February 20 – WWII:
  • The "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
  • The United States takes Eniwetok Atoll.
• February 22 – United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe organized from the Eighth Air Force's strategic planning staff; subsuming strategic planning for all US Army Air Forces in Europe and Africa.
• February 23 – WWII:
  • The Chechen and Ingush are forcibly deported to Central Asia.
  • Battle of Eniwetok concludes when U.S. forces secure the last islands in the Eniwetok Atoll.
• February 24 – WWII: 7,998 drown when torpedoes and .
• February 26
  • Kurt Gerron begins shooting the Nazi propaganda film, Theresienstadt in Theresienstadt concentration camp. He and many others who featured in it are transferred to Auschwitz and gassed upon the film's completion.
  • First woman appointed to the substantive rank of captain in the United States Navy Nurse Corps, Sue S. Dauser.
• February 29 – WWII: Pacific War – Admiralty Islands campaign (Operation Brewer) opens when U.S. forces land on Los Negros Island in the Admiralty Islands.

March

• March – Austrian-born economist Friedrich Hayek publishes his book The Road to Serfdom in London.
• March 1 – WWII:
  • An anti-fascist strike begins in northern Italy.
  • 2,495 drown when torpedoes .
• March 2
  • Balvano train disaster: A train stalls inside a railway tunnel outside Salerno, Italy; 521 choke to death.
  • The 16th Academy Awards ceremony is held, the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood. Casablanca (directed by Michael Curtiz), wins the Best Picture award.
• March ثلاثة – WWII: The Order of Nakhimov and the Order of Ushakov are instituted in the USSR.
• March أربعة – In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing, along with Emanuel Weiss and Louis Capone.
• Marchستة – WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Narva, Estonia, destroying almost the entire baroque old town.
• Marchتسعة – WWII: Soviet Army planes attack Tallinn, Estonia, killing 757 and leaving 25,000 homeless.
• March 10
  • In Britain, the prohibition on married women working as teachers is lifted.
  • Resistance leader Joop Westerweel is arrested while returning to the Netherlands having escorted a group of Jewish children to safety in Spain.
• March 12 – WWII: the Political Committee of National Liberation is created in Greece.
• March 15
  • WWII: Battle of Monte Cassino: Allied aircraft bomb the monastery and an assault is staged.
  • WWII: The National Council of the French Resistance approves the Resistance programme.
  • Soviet Union has introduced new anthem, replacing The Internationale.
  • In Sweden, the 1864 law which had criminalized homosexuality is abolished.
• March 18
  • The last eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy kills 26 and causes thousands to flee their homes.
  • WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians at Rîbnița.
• March 19 – WWII: German forces occupy Hungary in Operation Margarethe.
• March 20 – WWII:
  • Landing on Emirau: 4,000 United States Marines land on Emirau Island in the Bismarck Archipelago to develop an airbase as part of Operation Cartwheel.
  • British Royal Air Force Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade's bomber is hit over Germany and he has to bail out without a parachute from a height of over 4,000 مترs (13,123 ft). Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow.
• March 23 – WWII: Members of the Italian Resistance attack Nazis marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.
• March 24 – WWII:
  • Ardeatine massacre: 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of the Italian Resistance from various groups, in Rome.
  • In the Polish village of Markowa, German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their six children and eight Jews they were hiding.
  • The "Great Escape": 76 Royal Air Force prisoners of war escape by tunnel "Harry" from Stalag Luft III this night. Only three men, two Norwegians and a Dutchman, return to the UK; of those recaptured, fifty are summarily executed soon afterwards in the Stalag Luft III murders.

April

• April 2 – WWII: Ascq massacre members of the shoot 85 civilians suspected of blowing up their train on its approach to the Gare d'Ascq in France.
• April أربعة – WWII: An Allied photoreconnaissance aircraft of 60 Squadron SAAF photographs part of Auschwitz concentration camp.
• Aprilعشرة – The Holocaust: Rudolf Vrba and Alfréd Wetzler escape from Auschwitz concentration camp; on April 25–27 they prepare the Vrba–Wetzler report, one of the earliest and most detailed descriptions of the extermination of Jews in the camp.
• April 14 – Bombay Explosion: The freighter SS Fort Stikine, carrying a mixed cargo of ammunition, cotton bales and gold, explodes in harbour at Bombay (India), sinking surrounding ships and killing around 800 people.
• April 19 – WWII: The Japanese launch the Operation Ichi-Go offensive in central and south China. American and British bombing of the city of Rouen (semaine rouge).^[]
• April 25
  • The Holocaust: SS-Obersturmbannführer Adolf Eichmann opens "blood for goods" negotiations with Joel Brand to offer the release of thousands of Jews from eastern Europe to the Hungarian Aid and Rescue Committee in exchange for supplies for the German Eastern Front.
  • The United Negro College Fund is incorporated in the U.S.
• April 26
  • Kidnap of General Kreipe on Crete, Greece.
  • WWII: 2,649 drown when torpedoes .
• April 28 – WWII: Allied convoy T4, forming part of amphibious Exercise Tiger (a full-scale rehearsal for the Normandy landings) in Start Bay off the Devon coast of England, is attacked by E-boats, resulting in the deaths of 749 American servicemen from LSTs.

May

• May – Jean-Paul Sartre's existentialist drama No Exit (Huis Clos) is premièred in Nazi-occupied Paris.
• May 1 – WWII: Two hundred Communist prisoners are shot by the Germans at Kaisariani, Athens, Greece in reprisal for the killing of General Franz Krech by Partisans at Molaoi.
• Mayخمسة – WWII: Mohandas Gandhi is released from jail in India on health grounds.
• Mayتسعة – WWII: In the Ukrainian city of Sevastopol, Soviet troops completely drive out German forces, who had been ordered by Hitler to “fight to the last man.”
• May 12 – WWII: Soviet troops finalize the liberation of the Crimea.
• May 14 – The Holocaust: Predominantly Muslim Albanian troops of the (1st Albanian) round up 281 Jews in Pristina and hand them over to the Germans for transportation to Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
• May 15–Julyثمانية – The Holocaust: Deportation of Hungarian Jews to Auschwitz and other Nazi concentration camps.
• May 18 – WWII:
  • Battle of Monte Cassino: The Germans evacuate Monte Cassino and Allied forces led by Władysław Anders from Polish II Corps, take the stronghold after a struggle that has claimed 20,000 lives.
  • Deportation of the Crimean Tatars by the government of the Soviet Union.
• May 24 – WWII: Six LSTs are accidentally destroyed and 163 men killed in Pearl Harbor's West Loch disaster.
• May 30 – Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi of Monaco, heir to the throne, resigns from her rights in favor of her son Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi, later reigning Prince Rainier III of Monaco.
• May 31 – WWII: Destroyer escort sinks the sixth Japanese submarine in two weeks. This anti-submarine warfare performance remains unmatched through the 20th-century.

June

• June 1
  • WWII: The BBC transmits a coded message (the first line of the poem "Chanson d'automne" by Paul Verlaine) to the French Resistance, warning that the invasion of Europe is imminent.
  • Two K-class blimps of the United States Navy complete the first transatlantic crossing by non-rigid airships, from the U.S. to French Morocco with two stops.
• June 2 – WWII: The provisional French government is established.
• June ثلاثة – Hans Asperger publishes his paper on Asperger syndrome.
• June أربعة – WWII:
  • Rome falls to the Allies, the first Axis capital to fall.
  • A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the , marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the War of 1812. Some significant intelligence data is acquired.
• Juneخمسة – WWII:
  • The German navy's Enigma messages are decoded almost in real time.
  • British Group Captain James Stagg correctly forecasts a brief improvement in weather conditions over the English Channel which will permit the following day's Normandy landings to take place (having been deferred from today due to unfavourable weather).
  • At 10:15 p.m. local time, the BBC transmits the second line of the Paul Verlaine poem "Chanson d'automne" to the French Resistance, indicating that the invasion of Europe is about to begin.
  • More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
  • US and British airborne divisions drop into Normandy, in preparation for D-Day
  • D-Day naval deceptions are launched.
• Juneستة – WWII – D-Day: 155,000 Allied troops shipped from England land on the beaches of Normandy in northern France, beginning Operation Overlord and the Invasion of Normandy. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.
• Juneسبعة – WWII:
  • The steamer Danae (باليونانية: Δανάη), carrying 600 Cretans including 350 Greek Jews on the first leg of the journey to Auschwitz, is sunk, with no known survivors, off Santorini.
  • Joel Brand is intercepted by British agents in Aleppo.
  • Bayeux is liberated by British troops.
  • Opening of Operation Perch, a British attempt to capture Caen from the Germans; attempt abandoned on June 14.
• Juneتسعة – WWII: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin launches the Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive against Finland, with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.
• Juneعشرة – WWII: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre in France.
• June 13 – WWII: Germany launches the first V-1 flying bomb attack on London.
• June 15 – WWII: Battle of Saipan: United States forces land on Saipan.
• June 16 – At age 14, George Stinney becomes the youngest person ever executed in the United States.
• June 17 – Iceland declares full independence from Denmark.
• June 19 – A severe storm badly damages the Mulberry harbours on the Normandy coast.
• June 20 – WWII: A V-2 rocket becomes the first man-made object to cross the Kármán line and reach the edge of space.
• June 22 – WWII:
  • Operation Bagration: A general attack by Soviet forces clears the German forces from Belarus, resulting in the destruction of German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.
  • Burma Campaign: The Battle of Kohima ends in a British victory.
• June 23 – The Holocaust: Maurice Rossel of the International Committee of the Red Cross visits Theresienstadt concentration camp, uncritically accepting the propaganda view of it presented by the Schutzstaffel.
• June 24 – David Ben-Gurion presents the One Million Plan to the Jewish Agency for Israel, proposing a million-strong Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries as well as from Europe to Mandatory Palestine.
• June 25 – WWII
  • The Battle of Tali-Ihantala (the largest battle ever in the Nordic countries) begins between Finnish and Soviet troops. Finland is able to resist the attack and thus manages to stay as an independent nation.
  • Bombardment of Cherbourg by ships of the United States Navy and British Royal Navy in support of U.S. ground troops.
• June 26 – WWII: American troops enter Cherbourg.
• June 29 – WWII: 5,400 drown when torpedoes .
• June 30 – WWII: 3,219 drown when torpedoes Nikkin Maru.

July

• July 1 – The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference begins at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, United States.
• July ثلاثة – WWII:
  • Soviet troops liberate Minsk.
  • Battle of Imphal: Japanese forces call off their advance, ending the battle with a British victory.
• July 6
  • Hartford circus fire: More than 100 children die in one of the worst fire disasters in the history of the United States.
  • WWII: At Camp Hood, Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. Jackie Robinson is arrested and later court-martialed for refusing to move to the back of a segregated U.S. Army bus. He is eventually acquitted.
• Julyتسعة – WWII: British and Canadian forces capture Caen.
• Julyعشرة – WWII: Soviet troops begin operations to liberate the Baltic countries.
• July 13 – WWII: Vilnius is freed by USSR.
• July 16 – WWII: The first contingent of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force arrives in Italy.
• July 17 – WWII:
  • The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia, under Royal Canadian Navy protection.
  • The , loaded with ammunition, explodes at the Port Chicago naval base; 320 are killed.
• July 18 – WWII:
  • American forces push back the Germans in Saint-Lô, capturing the city.
  • British forces launch Operation Goodwood, an armoured offensive aimed at driving the Germans from the high ground to the south of Caen. The offensive ends 2 days later with minimal gains.
  • Hideki Tōjō resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort and is succeeded (on July 22) by Kuniaki Koiso.
• July 20 – WWII: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by Claus von Stauffenberg.
  • An annular solar eclipse was visible in Africa, Indian Ocean, Asia, Pacific Ocean and Australia, and was the 35th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 135.
• July 21 – WWII:
  • Battle of Guam: American troops land on Guam (the battle ends August 10).
  • The Soviet-sponsored Polish Committee of National Liberation is created in opposition to the Polish government-in-exile.
• July 22
  • The Bretton Woods Conference ends with agreements signed to set up the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and International Monetary Fund.
  • The new Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes the PKWN Manifesto in Chełm, calling for a continuation of fighting against Nazi Germany, radical reforms including nationalisation of industry, and a "decent border in the West" (the Oder–Neisse line).
  • United States v. Masaaki Kuwabara, the only Japanese American draft avoidance case to be dismissed on a due process violation of the U.S. Constitution.
• July 25
  • WWII – Operation Spring: One of the bloodiest days for Canadian forces during the war results in 1,550 casualties, including 450 killed, during the Normandy Campaign.
  • WWII – Beginning of the Battle of Tannenberg Line or the "Battle of the Blue Hills" in Northeastern Estonia, where the Red Army will result in a Pyrrhic victory byعشرة August.
• July 26 – WWII: A Messerschmitt Me 262 becomes the first jet fighter aircraft to have an operational victory.
• July 31 – WWII: 2,495 drown when torpedoes Yoshino Maru.

August

• August 1 – WWII: The Warsaw Uprising begins.
• August 2 – WWII:
  • Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
  • The First Assembly of ASNOM (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of Macedonia) is held in the Prohor Pčinjski monastery.
• August ثلاثة – The Education Act in the United Kingdom, promoted by Rab Butler, creates a Tripartite system of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}
• August أربعة – The Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank, her family, and others in hiding. All would die in the Holocaust except for Otto Frank, Anne's father.
• Augustخمسة – WWII:
  • The Warsaw Uprising:
    • The Wola massacre begins. Between now and August 12, 40,000 to 50,000 Polish civilians will be indiscriminately massacred by occupying SS troops.
    • The Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
  • Cowra breakout: Over 500 Japanese prisoners of war attempt a mass breakout from the Cowra camp in Australia. In the ensuing manhunt, 231 Japanese escapees and four Australian soldiers are killed.
• Augustسبعة – IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).
• Augustتسعة – The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey Bear for the first time.
• August 12 – WWII:
  • The Allies capture Florence, Italy.
  • Operation Pluto: The world's first undersea oil pipeline is laid between England and France.
• August 15 – WWII: Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. The U.S. 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at Sainte-Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.
• August 18 – WWII: Submarine sinks Teia Maru, Eishin Maru, Teiyu Maru, and aircraft carrier from Japanese convoy HI71 in one of the most effective American "wolfpack" attacks of the war.
• August 19 – WWII:
  • More than 4,400 Japanese servicemen drown when torpedoes .
  • An insurrection starts in Paris.
• August 20 – WWII:
  • American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at Chambois, closing the Falaise Pocket.
  • 168 captured Allied airmen, including Phil Lamason, accused of being "terror fliers" by the Gestapo, arrive at Buchenwald concentration camp where they form the KLB Club.
• August 21
  • Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the United Nations.
  • WWII: Operation Tractable concludes when Canadian troops relieve the Polish and link with the Americans, capturing remaining German forces in the Falaise Pocket and securing the strategically important French town of Falaise in the final offensive of the Battle of Normandy.
• August 22 – WWII: , an unmarked Japanese passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by torpedoes launched by the submarine off Akuseki-jima, killing 1,484 civilians including 767 schoolchildren.
• August 23 – WWII: In King Michael's Coup, Ion Antonescu, prime minister of Romania, is arrested and a new government established. Romania leaves the war against the Soviet Union, joining the Allies.
• August 24 – WWII:
  • Liberation of Paris: The Allies enter Paris, successfully completing Operation Overlord.
  • Japanese vessels attack and sink the submarine off Luzon.
• August 25 – WWII:
  • German surrender of Paris: General Dietrich von Choltitz surrenders Paris to the Allies in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it.
  • Maillé massacre: Massacre of 129 civilians (70% women and children) by the Gestapo at Maillé, Indre-et-Loire.
  • Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.
  • The Red Ball Express convoy system begins operation supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France.
• August 29 – WWII: The Slovak National Uprising against the Axis powers begins.
• August 31 – The Mad Gasser of Mattoon apparently resumes their mysterious attacks in Mattoon, Illinois for two weeks.

September

• September – Start of Dutch famine ("Hongerwinter") in the occupied northern part of the Netherlands.
• September 1 – WWII: In Bulgaria, the Bagryanov government resigns.
• September 2
  • The Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz concentration camp, arriving ثلاثة days later.
  • ¡Hola! magazine launched in Barcelona.
• September ثلاثة – WWII: The Allies liberate Brussels.
• September أربعة – WWII:
  • The British 11th Armoured Division liberates the city of Antwerp in Belgium.
  • Finland breaks off relations with Germany.
• September 5
  • WWII: The Soviet Union declares war on Bulgaria.
  • Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux.
• Septemberستة – WWII: Tartu Offensive in Estonia concludes with Soviet forces capturing Tartu.
• Septemberسبعة – WWII: The Belgian government in exile returns to Brussels from London.
• Septemberثمانية – WWII:
  • The first V-2 rocket attack on London takes place.
  • The French town of Menton is liberated from German forces.
• Septemberتسعة – WWII: An insurrection breaks out in Sofia.
• September 11 – WWII:
  • Laksevåg floating dry dock at Bergen (Norway) is sunk by British X-class submarine X-24.
  • An approaching formation of 36 US bombers is engaged by a German fighter squadron (Jagdgeschwader) in the Battle over the Ore Mountains. After the first German attack on the bombers, following US Mustangs attacked the German squadron in aerial dog fights.
• September 12 – WWII: Allied forces from Operation Overlord (in the north) and Operation Dragoon (in the south of France) link up near Dijon.
• September 13 – WWII: Start of the Battle of Meligalas between the Greek Resistance forces of the Greek People's Liberation Army (ELAS) and the collaborationist Security Battalions.
• September 14 – The Great Atlantic hurricane makes landfall in the New York City area.
• September 15 – WWII: The Battle of Peleliu begins in the Pacific.
• September 17 – WWII: Operation Market Garden begins, Allied airborne landings in the Netherlands and Germany.
• September 18 – WWII:
  • 5,620 drown when torpedoes .
  • After German forces declare the evacuation of Estonia the day before, the Estonian national government briefly resumes control of Tallinn before Soviet advance.
• September 19 – WWII:
  • An armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed, ending the Continuation War.
  • The Battle of Hürtgen Forest begins east of the Belgian–German border.
• September 22 – WWII: The Red Army captures Tallinn, Estonia. Prime Minister in Duties of the President of Estonia Jüri Uluots and 80,000 Estonian civilians manage to escape to Sweden and Germany. The evacuees include almost the entire population of the Estonian Swedes. Soviet bombing raids on the evacuating ships sink several ships with thousands on board.
• September 24 – WWII: The U.S. 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Épinal before crossing the Moselle river and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
• September 26 – WWII:
  • Operation Market Garden ends in an Allied withdrawal.
  • On the middle front of the Gothic Line, Brazilian troops control the Serchio valley region afterعشرة days of fighting.

October

• October 2 – WWII: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
• October أربعة – WWII: The Serbian puppet state of the Axis powers Government of National Salvation flees from Belgrade, Nazis-occupied Serbia.
• Octoberخمسة – WWII: Royal Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German Me 262 over the Netherlands.^[]
• Octoberستة – WWII: The Battle of Debrecen starts on the Eastern Front (it lasts until October 29)
  • Withdrawal collaborators: Milan Nedić, the president of the Serbian Quisling Regime (Government of National Salvation), fled from Belgrade by airplane.Together with other Serbian collaborators and the German Officials, to Hungary, than to Vienna Austria
    • Holocaust: Members of the Sonderkommando (Jewish work units) in Auschwitz stage a revolt, killing three SS men before being massacred themselves.
    • Dumbarton Oaks Conference concludes.
• Octoberثمانية – The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet radio show debuts in the United States.
• Octoberتسعة – WWII: Fourth Moscow Conference: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin begin a 9-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.
• October 10
  • The Holocaust/Porajmos: 800 Romani children are systematically murdered at the Auschwitz concentration camp.
  • WWII: Allied forces inflict significant losses upon Imperial Japanese Navy ships moored in Naha Harbor, destroying much of the city of Naha, Okinawa as well, in the 10-10 Air Raid.
• October 11 – The Tuvan People's Republic is annexed into the Soviet Union.
• October 12
  • WWII: The Allies land in Athens.
  • Canadian Arctic explorer Henry Larsen returns to Vancouver, becoming the first person successfully to navigate the Northwest Passage in both directions, in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police schooner . His westbound voyage is the first completed in a single season and the first passage through the Prince of Wales Strait.
• October 13 – WWII:
  • Riga, the capital of Latvia, is taken by the Red Army.
  • The first V-2 rocket attack on Antwerp takes place.
• October 14 – WWII: German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel commits suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.
• October 18 – WWII: The Volkssturm Nazi militia is founded on Adolf Hitler's orders.
• October 19 – Guatemalan Revolution begins, with the overthrow of Federico Ponce Vaides by a popular leftist movement.
• October 20 – WWII:
  • Belgrade is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans together with the Bulgarian Army and the Red Army. Nedić's regime was disbanded by the Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army After they takeover Belgrade
  • American forces land on Red Beach in Palo, Leyte, as General Douglas MacArthur returns to the Philippines with Philippine Commonwealth president Sergio Osmeña, and Armed Forces of the Philippines Generals Basilio J. Valdes and Carlos P. Romulo.
  • United States and Filipino troops with Filipino guerrillas begin the Battle of Leyte.
  • American forces land on the beaches in Dulag, Leyte, the Philippines, accompanied by Filipino troops entering the town, and fiercely opposed by the Japanese occupation forces. The combined forces liberate Tacloban
• October 21 – WWII: Aachen, the first German city to fall, is captured by American troops.
• October 23
  • WWII: The naval Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines begins (lasts until October 26). On October 24, the is sunk by United States aircraft.
  • The Allies recognise Charles de Gaulle's cabinet as the provisional government of France.
• October 25
  • WWII: The Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to be liberated.
  • WWII: is sunk in the Formosa Strait by one of her own torpedoes. Medal of Honor-winning submarine ace Richard O'Kane becomes a prisoner of war.
  • Padule di Fucecchio massacre: Nazi German soldiers murder at least 174 Italian civilians in a reprisal killing.
  • Florence Foster Jenkins gives a recital in Carnegie Hall.
• October 30
  • The Holocaust: Anne Frank and her sister Margot are deported from Auschwitz to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
  • Appalachian Spring, a ballet by Martha Graham with music by Aaron Copland, debuts at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., with Graham in the lead role.
• October 31 – Mass murderer Marcel Petiot is apprehended at a Paris Métro station.

November

• November 1–Decemberسبعة – Delegates of 52 nations meet at the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago to plan for postwar international cooperation, framing the constitution of the International Civil Aviation Organization.
• November ثلاثة – WWII: Two supreme commanders of the Slovak National Uprising, Generals Ján Golian and Rudolf Viest, are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
• November 7
  • United States presidential election: Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E. Dewey, becoming the only U.S. president elected to a fourth term.
  • Election day rail accident in Puerto Rico: A passenger train derails at Aguadilla due to excessive speed on a downgrade; 16 are killed, 50 injured.
• Novemberعشرة – WWII: Ammunition ship disintegrates from accidental detonation of 3,800 tons of cargo in the Seeadler Harbor fleet anchorage at Manus Island. 22 small boats are destroyed, 36 nearby ships damaged, 432 men are killed and 371 more are injured.
• November 11 – Operational ships of the French Navy re-enter their base at Toulon.^[]
• November 12 – WWII: Sinking of the by British Royal Air Force Lancaster bombers. Estimated casualties range from 950 to 1,204.
• November 14 – WWII: 2,246 drown when torpedoes .
• November 16 – WWII: U.S. forces begin the month-long Operation Queen in the Rur valley.
• November 18
  • The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba.
  • WWII: 3,546 drown when torpedoes .
• November 22
  • Conscription Crisis: Prime Minister of Canada William Mackenzie King agrees a one-time conscription levy in Canada for overseas service.
  • Laurence Olivier's film Henry V, based on Shakespeare's play, opens in London. It is the most acclaimed and the most successful movie version of a Shakespeare play made up to that time, and the first in Technicolor. Olivier both stars and directs.
• November 24 – WWII: German forces evacuate from West Estonian Archipelago.
• November 26 – American opera singer Florence Foster Jenkins dies in her sleep from a heart attack at the age of 76.
• November 27
  • RAF Fauld explosion: Between 3,450 and 3,930 tons (3,500 and 4,000 tonnes) of ordnance explodes at an underground storage depot in Staffordshire, England, leaving about 75 dead and a crater 1,200 مترs (1,300 يارد) across and 120 مترs (390 قدم) deep. The blast is one of the largest non-nuclear explosions in history and the largest on UK soil.
  • Operation Tigerfish takes place. The Royal Air Force bombing of Freiburg im Breisgau kills 2,800.
• November 29 – WWII: Submarine sinks Japanese aircraft carrier . Shinano is the largest carrier built to this date, and will remain through the twentieth century the largest ship sunk by a submarine.

December

• December 1–Edward Stettinius, Jr., becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, filling the seat left by Cordell Hull.
• December ثلاثة – WWII:
  • Fighting breaks out between Communists and royalists in newly liberated Greece, eventually leading to a full-scale Greek Civil War.
  • The British Home Guard is stood down.
• Decemberسبعة – Convention on International Civil Aviation signed in Chicago to create the International Civil Aviation Organization.
• Decemberعشرة – Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini leads a concert performance of the first half of Beethoven's Fidelio (minus its spoken dialogue) on NBC Radio, starring Rose Bampton. He chooses this opera for its political message – a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Conducting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half is broadcast a week later. The performance is later released on LP and CD, the first ofسبعة operas that Toscanini conducts on radio.
• December 12–December 13 – WWII: British units attempt to take the hilltop town of Tossignano, but are repulsed.
• December 13 – Battle of Mindoro: United States, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops land on Mindoro Island in the Philippines.
• December 14
  • The Soviet government changes Turkish place names to Russian in the Crimea.
  • United States release of the film National Velvet, which brings a young Elizabeth Taylor to stardom.
• December 15 – A USAAF utility aircraft carrying bandleader Major Glenn Miller disappears in heavy fog over the English Channel while flying to Paris.
• December 16 – WWII:
  • Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later known as Battle of the Bulge.
  • General George C. Marshall becomes the first U.S. Five-Star General.
• December 17
  • WWII: Malmedy massacre: German SS troops under Joachim Peiper machine gun American prisoners of war captured during the Battle of the Bulge near Malmedy and elsewhere in Belgium.
  • WWII: Bombing of Ulm, 707 people are killed and 25,000 are left homeless.
• December 18 – General Douglas MacArthur becomes the second U.S. Five-Star General.
• December 19 – The daily newspaper Le Monde begins publication in Paris.
• December 20
  • The United States Women Airforce Service Pilots are disbanded.
  • Future President of the United States and then General Dwight D. Eisenhower is promoted to the rank of 5-star U.S. Five-Star General.
• December 22
  • WWII: Brigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, commander of the U.S. forces defending Bastogne, refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.
  • The Vietnam People's Army is formed in French Indochina.
• December 24
  • WWII: Troopship is sunk in the English Channel by . Approximately 763 soldiers of the U.S. 66th Infantry Division bound for the Battle of the Bulge drown.
  • WWII: German tanks reach the furthest point of the Bulge at Celles.
  • WWII: Fifty German V-1 flying bombs, air-launched from Heinkel He 111 bombers flying over the North Sea, target Manchester in England, killing 42 and injuring more than 100 in the Oldham area.
  • WWII: Bande massacre. 34 men between the ages of 17 and 32 are executed by the Sicherheitsdienst near Bande, Belgium in retaliation for the killing of three German soldiers.
  • The first complete U.S. production of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is presented in San Francisco, choreographed by Willam Christensen. It will become an annual tradition there, and for the next ten years, the San Francisco Ballet will be the only company in the United States performing the complete work.
• December 26
  • WWII: American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne.
  • The original stage version of The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams premieres in Chicago.
  • Esztergom, Hungary, is captured by the Russians.
• December 30
  • King George II of Greece declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.
  • "Stage Door Cartoon" is the first cartoon produced by Eddie Selzer.
• December 31 – WWII:
  • Battle of Leyte: Tens of thousands of Imperial Japanese Army soldiers are killed in action, in a significant Filipino/Allied military victory.

مجهولة التاريخ

• The 1944 Summer Olympics, scheduled for London (together with the February Winter Olympics scheduled for Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy), are suspended due to WWII.
• In Sweden, Erik Wallenberg and Ruben Rausing invent a way to package milk in paper and start the company Tetra Pak.
• The National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence is established in the United States.
• Last known evidence of the existence of the Asiatic lion in the wild in Khuzestan Province, Persia.
• BC Zalgiris, as known well for professional basketball club founded in Kaunas, Lithuania. (former part of Soviet Union)^[]

Births

نطقب:BDToC

January

• January 1
  • Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir, 7th President of Sudan
  • Abdul Hamid, 16th President of Bangladesh
  • Jimmy Hart, American wrestling manager
  • Jumabek Ibraimov, 5th Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (d. 1999)
  • Bob Minor, American actor and stunt performer
• January 2 – Prince Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian politician
• January ثلاثة – Chris von Saltza, American swimmer
• January 6
  • Bonnie Franklin, American actress, singer, dancer; television director (d. 2013)
  • Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• January 9
  • Ian Hornak, American painter, draughtsman and sculptor (d. 2002)
  • Jimmy Page, English rock guitarist (Led Zeppelin)
• Januaryعشرة – Frank Sinatra Jr., American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2016)
• January 12
  • Joe Frazier, American boxer (d. 2011)
  • Carlos Villagrán, Mexican actor and comedian
• January 17
  • Jan Guillou, Swedish author
  • Françoise Hardy, French singer
• January 18
  • Paul Keating, 24th Prime Minister of Australia
  • Alexander Van der Bellen, 12th President of Austria
• January 19 – Shelley Fabares, American actress and singer
• January 23 – Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor
• January 24 – Klaus Nomi, German singer (d. 1983)
• January 25
  • Sally Beauman, English writer (d. 2016)
  • Evan Chandler, American screenwriter and dentist (suicide 2009)
• January 26
  • Angela Davis, American feminist and political activist
  • Jerry Sandusky, American child molester and Penn State coach
• January 27
  • Peter Akinola, Nigerian religious leader
  • Mairead Corrigan, Northern Irish peace activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
  • Nick Mason, English rock drummer
  • Adenan Satem, Malaysian politician, Chief Minister of Sarawak (d. 2017)
• January 28
  • Susan Howard, American actress
  • Rosalía Mera, Spanish fashion retailer (Zara) (d. 2018)
  • John Tavener, English composer (d. 2013)
• January 29
  • Susana Giménez, Argentinian television presenter
  • Patrick Lipton Robinson, Jamaican judge
• January 31
  • Connie Booth, American writer and actress
  • Ivo Opstelten, Dutch politician

February

• February 2 – Geoffrey Hughes, English actor (d. 2012)
• February 4
  • Punch Gunalan, Malaysian badminton star (d. 2012)
  • Maruja Carrasco, Spanish botanist and academic (d. 2018)
• February 5
  • Al Kooper, American rock musician (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
  • Thekla Carola Wied, German actress
• February 8
• Bunky Henry, American professional golfer (d. 2018)
• Roger Lloyd-Pack, English actor (d. 2014)
• Februaryتسعة – Alice Walker, American writer
• Februaryعشرة – Peter Allen, Australian-born Academy Award-winning composer and lyricist (d. 1992)
• February 11 – Michael G. Oxley, American politician (d. 2016)
• February 12 – Moe Bandy, American country music singer
• February 13
  • Stockard Channing, American actress
  • Michael Ensign, American actor
  • Jerry Springer, English-born American politician and television personality
• February 14
  • Carl Bernstein, American journalist
  • Sir Alan Parker, English film director, producer, actor and writer
• February 15 – Dzhokhar Dudayev, Chechen leader, first President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, an unrecognized breakaway state in the North Caucasus (d. 1996)
• February 16
  • Richard Ford, American writer
  • António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (d. 2016)
• February 17
  • Karl Jenkins, Welsh composer
  • Bernie Grant, British Labour Party MP (d. 2000)
• February 19 – Donald F. Glut, American writer, film director, and screenwriter
• February 20
  • Abdul Hamid Zainal Abidin, Malaysian politician and diplomat (d. 2014)
  • Willem van Hanegem, Dutch football player and coach
• February 22
  • Jonathan Demme, American film director, producer and writer (d. 2017)
  • Tom Okker, Dutch tennis player
  • Robert Kardashian, American attorney and businessman (d. 2003)
• February 23 – Johnny Winter, American rock musician (d. 2014)
• February 24 – Ivica Račan, Croatian politician (d. 2007)
• February 25 – François Cevert, French racing driver (d. 1973)
• February 27
  • Ken Grimwood, American writer (d. 2003)
  • Roger Scruton, English philosopher and writer
• February 28
  • Fanny Cano, Mexican actress and producer (d. 1983)
  • Sepp Maier, German retired footballer
• February 29 – Dennis Farina, American actor (d. 2013)

March

• March 1
  • John Breaux, U.S. Senator from Louisiana
  • Roger Daltrey, English singer-songwriter (The Who), actor
• March 2
  • Uschi Glas, German actress
  • Leif Segerstam, Finnish conductor and composer
• March 4
  • Harvey Postlethwaite, English engineer and race car designer (d. 1999)
  • Bobby Womack, American singer and songwriter (d. 2014)
• Marchخمسة – Peter Brandes, Danish artist
• March 6
  • Dame Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand soprano
  • Mary Wilson, American singer (The Supremes)
• March 7
  • Michael Rosbash, American geneticist and chronobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • Townes Van Zandt, American country singer (d. 1997)
• Marchثمانية – Buzz Hargrove, Canadian labour leader
• March 11
  • Graham Lyle, Grammy-winning Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist, known for writing several international hits for Tina Turner
  • Don Maclean, English comedian and broadcaster
• March 15
  • Emmerich Danzer, Austrian figure skater
  • Ralph MacDonald, American percussionist, songwriter (d. 2011)
• March 17
  • Pattie Boyd, English model and first wife of George Harrison and Eric Clapton
  • John Sebastian, American singer-songwriter (The Lovin' Spoonful)
• March 19
  • Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize
  • Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian assassin of Robert F. Kennedy
• March 21 – Hilary Minster, English actor (d. 1999)
• March 24 – R. Lee Ermey, U.S. Marine and actor (d. 2018)
• March 26 – Diana Ross, American actress and singer
• March 27 – Ann Sidney, Miss World
• March 28
  • Rick Barry, American basketball player
  • Ken Howard, American actor (d. 2016)
• March 29
  • Nana Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana
  • Denny McLain, American baseball player

April

• April ثلاثة – Tony Orlando, American musician
• April 4
  • Faisal bin Musaid, assassin and nephew of King Faisal of Saudi Arabia (d. 1975)
  • Magda Aelvoet, Belgian politician
  • Craig T. Nelson, American actor
• Aprilخمسة – Peter T. King, American politician
• April 6
  • Judith McConnell, American actress
  • Anita Pallenberg, Italian-born model and actress (d. 2017)
  • Dame Felicity Palmer, English soprano
• April 7
  • Shel Bachrach, American insurance broker, investor, businessman and philanthropist
  • Warner Fusselle, American sportscaster (d. 2012)
  • Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany
• April 8
  • Burny Bos, Dutch producer, scenarist and children's book writer.
  • Odd Nerdrum, Norwegian painter
  • Jimmy Walker, American professional basketball player (d. 2007)
• Aprilعشرة – Abubakar Habu Hashidu, Nigerian politician (d. 2018)
• April 11 – John Milius, American film director, producer and screenwriter
• April 13 – Jack Casady, American rock musician (Jefferson Airplane, Hot Tuna)
• April 18 – Charlie Tuna, American disc jockey and game show announcer (d. 2016)
• April 19
  • Bernie Worrell, American keyboardist, composer (Parliament-Funkadelic) (d. 2016)
  • James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• April 22 – Steve Fossett, American aviator, sailor and millionaire adventurer (d. 2007)
• April 24 – Tony Visconti, American record producer, musician and singer
• April 25 – Len Goodman, British ballroom dancer and television personality
• April 26 – Larry H. Miller, American sports owner (Utah Jazz; d. 2009)
• April 27
  • Michael Fish, British TV weatherman
  • Cuba Gooding Sr., American actor and singer (d. 2017)
• April 28 – Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician
• April 29 – Richard Kline, American actor and television director
• April 30 – Jill Clayburgh, American actress (d. 2010)

May

• May 1
  • Costa Cordalis, German singer
  • Suresh Kalmadi, Indian politician
  • Marva Whitney, American singer (d. 2012)
• May ثلاثة – Rusty Wier, American singer-songwriter (d. 2009)
• May أربعة – Russi Taylor, American voice actress
• May 5
  • Roger Rees, Welsh actor (d. 2015)
  • John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor
• Mayثمانية – Gary Glitter, English singer
• May 9
  • Richie Furay, American musician (Poco, Buffalo Springfield)
  • Laurence Owen, American figure skater (d. 1961)
• May 10
  • Jim Abrahams, American film director
  • Jackie Lomax, English singer-songwriter, guitarist (d. 2013)
• May 12 – Sara Kestelman, English actress
• May 13
  • Armistead Maupin, American author
  • Carolyn Franklin, American singer (d. 1988)
• May 14
  • Connie Lawn, American journalist (d. 2018)
  • George Lucas, American film director and producer
• May 15
  • Ulrich Beck, German sociologist (d. 2015)
  • Gunilla Hutton, Swedish-born American actress and singer
• May 16 – Danny Trejo, American actor
• May 17
  • Luís de Matos Monteiro da Fonseca, Cape Verdean diplomat and civil servant
  • Jesse Winchester, American-Canadian musician and songwriter (d. 2014)
• May 19 – Peter Mayhew, English actor
• May 20
  • Joe Cocker, English rock singer (d. 2014)
  • Boudewijn de Groot, Dutch singer
  • Dietrich Mateschitz, Austrian businessman
• May 21 – Mary Robinson, President of Ireland
• May 23
  • John Newcombe, Australian tennis player
  • Avraham Oz, Israeli theater professor, translator, and political activist
• May 24
  • David Mark Berger, American-born Israeli weightlifter, murdered at the Munich Olympics (d. 1972)
  • Patti LaBelle, American singer
• May 25 – Frank Oz, English puppeteer and film director
• May 27 – Chris Dodd, American politician
• May 28
  • Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City
  • Gladys Knight, American singer
  • Sondra Locke, American actress and director (d. 2018)
  • Rita MacNeil, Canadian folk singer (d. 2013)
  • Patricia, Lady Stephens (née Quinn), retired Northern Irish actress
• May 29 – Helmut Berger, Austrian actor
• May 30 – Meredith MacRae, American actress (d. 2000)

June

• June 1 – Robert Powell, English actor
• June 2 – Marvin Hamlisch, American composer, conductor (d. 2012)
• June ثلاثة – Edith McGuire, American sprinter
• June أربعة – Michelle Phillips, American singer and actress
• June 5
  • Colm Wilkinson, Irish actor and singer
  • Whitfield Diffie, American cryptographer
• June 6
  • Phillip Allen Sharp, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
  • Edgar Froese, German musician (d. 2015)
  • Tommie Smith, American athlete
• June 8
  • Mark Belanger, American baseball player (d. 1998)
  • Don Grady, American actor and singer (d. 2012)
  • Marc Ouellet, Canadian cardinal
  • Boz Scaggs, American singer and guitarist
• June 13 – Ban Ki-moon, South Korean politician and 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations
• June 15 – Malaysia Vasudevan, Tamil playback singer and actor (d. 2011)
• June 16 – Henri Richelet, French painter
• June 17 – Bill Rafferty, American comedian and impressionist (d. 2012)
• June 18 – Salvador Sánchez Cerén, 45th President of El Salvador
• June 21
  • Carmen Cardinali Paoa, Chilean professor
  • Franco Cordova, Italian international football player
  • Corinna Tsopei, Greek actress, model and beauty queen who won Miss Universe 1964
  • Ray Davies, English rock-singer and songwriter, co-founder of The Kinks
  • Kenny O'Dell, American country singer-songwriter (d. 2018)
  • Luigi Sgarbozza, Italian former cyclist
  • Chris Wood, English musician (Traffic) (d. 1983)
• June 22
  • Ercole Gualazzini, Italian professional road bicycle racer
  • Gérard Mourou, French electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics
• June 23
  • Silvestre Bello III, Filipino businessman and lawyer
  • Gan Ee Kiang, Malaysian pharmacologist
• June 24
  • Dennis Butler, English former footballer and football manager
  • Jeff Beck, English rock musician
• June 25 – Ricardo Salgado, Portuguese economist and banker
• June 27 – Zezé Motta, Brazilian actress and singer
• June 28 – Luis Nicolao, Argentine butterfly swimmer
• June 29
  • Gary Busey, American actor
  • Seán Patrick O'Malley, American cardinal
• June 30
  • Daniel Kablan Duncan, Ivorian politician
  • Terry Funk, American professional wrestler
  • Raymond Moody, American parapsychologist
  • Alan C. Fox, American author, philanthropist and entrepreneur

July

• July 1
  • Mercedes Bresso, Italian politician
  • Mike Horan, Australian politician
  • Diron Talbert, American football player
  • Syd Jackson, Australian rules footballer
• July 2
  • Billy Campbell, Northern Irish professional footballer
  • Vicente de la Mata, Argentine former football midfielder
  • Paul Schudel, American football player and coach
• July ثلاثة – Michel Polnareff, French singer
• July 4
  • Joe Berardo, Portuguese businessman, investor, and art collector
  • Joe Critchlow, Canadian football player
  • Albert Kapengut, Soviet chess master
• July 5
  • Mick Andrews, English international motorcycle trials rider
  • Hendrik Born, German vice admiral
  • Enrique Irazoqui, Spanish movie actor
• July 6
  • Tim Brown, Australian darts player
  • Gunhild Hoffmeister, East German middle-distance runner
  • Max Timisela, Indonesian footballer
• July 7
  • Feri Cansel, Turkish-Cypriot actress (d. 1983)
  • Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro
  • Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer
  • Tony Jacklin, English golfer
  • Feleti Sevele, former Prime Minister of Tonga
  • Michael Walker, Baron Walker of Aldringham, British Army officer
• Julyثمانية – Jeffrey Tambor, American actor
• July 11
  • Keith Doncon, Australian rules footballer
  • Neil Vant, Anglican clergyman, prospector, businessman and former political figure
  • Valdeir Vieira, Brazilian football manager
• July 12
  • Terry Cooper, English former football player and manager
  • Clarence Parfitt, Bermudian-Scottish cricketer
• July 13 – Ernő Rubik, Hungarian inventor
• July 14 – Aad Mansveld, Dutch footballer (d. 1991)
• July 15 – Jan-Michael Vincent, American actor
• July 16
  • Clarence Parfitt, Bermudian and Scottish cricketer
  • Jose L. Cuisia Jr., Philippine diplomat and banker
  • Angharad Rees, Welsh actress (d. 2012)
• July 17
  • Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricket captain
  • Catherine Schell, Hungarian actress
  • Charles Lapointe, Canadian businessman, politician and public servant
  • Tom Kalinske, American businessman
  • Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer (d. 2016)
• July 18 – David Hemery, British Olympic athlete
• July 20 – W. Cary Edwards, American politician (d. 2010)
• July 21
  • John Atta Mills, 13th President of Ghana (d. 2012)
  • Paul Wellstone, U.S. Senator from Minnesota (d. 2002)
• July 23 – Alex Buzo, of Sydney, Australian playwright and author (d. 2006)
• July 26 – Kiel Martin, American actor (d. 1990)
• July 28 – Jozo Križanović, Bosnian politician (d. 2009)
• July 31
  • Geraldine Chaplin, English-American actress
  • Jonathan Dimbleby, British journalist and author
  • Robert C. Merton, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate

August

• August 1 – Yury Romanenko, Soviet cosmonaut
• August 2
  • Jim Capaldi, British drummer, singer and songwriter (d. 2005)
  • Naná Vasconcelos, Brazilian percussionist and vocalist (d. 2016)
• August ثلاثة – Jonas Falk, Swedish actor (d. 2010)
• August 4
  • Richard Belzer, American actor and comedian
  • William Frankfather, American actor (d. 1998)
  • Orhan Gencebay, Turkish musician, composer, singer and actor
• August 7
  • John Glover, American actor
  • Robert Mueller, American lawyer and former FBI director
• August 8
  • Michael Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2017)
  • Hasyim Muzadi, Indonesian Islamic scholar (d. 2017)
• Augustتسعة – Sam Elliott, American actor
• August 11
  • Ian McDiarmid, Scottish actor
  • Frederick W. Smith, American founder of FedEx
• August 12 – Larry Troutman, American musician (d. 1999)
• August 13 – Kevin Tighe, American actor
• August 15 – Sylvie Vartan, French singer
• August 18
  • Robert Hitchcock, Australian sculptor
  • Volker Lechtenbrink, German television actor and singer
  • Helena Rojo, Mexican actress and model
• August 19
  • Charles Wang, Chinese-born American businessman, philanthropist and sports team owner (d. 2018)
  • Bodil Malmsten, Swedish writer (d. 2016)
• August 20 – Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1991)
• August 21
  • Kari S. Tikka, Finnish Professor of Finance (d. 2006)
  • Peter Weir, Australian film director
• August 22 – Ayşen Gruda, Turkish actress and comedian (d. 2019)
• August 23 – Saira Banu, Indian actress
• August 25 – Christine Chubbuck, American television reporter (d. 1974)
• August 26 – Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester
• August 30 – Tug McGraw, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• August 31 – Jos LeDuc, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 1999)

September

• September 1 – Leonard Slatkin, American conductor
• September 2 – Gilles Marchal, French musician
• September 3
  • Ty Warner, American Businessman, Inventor: Beanie Babies
• September أربعة – Tony Atkinson, British economist (d. 2017)
• Septemberستة – Christian Boltanski, French artist
• September 7
  • Earl Manigault, American basketball player (d. 1998)
  • Bora Milutinović, Serbian football coach
• September 12
  • Leonard Peltier, Native American activist and convicted murderer
  • Barry White, American singer (d. 2003)
• September 13
  • Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2008)
  • Jacqueline Bisset, English actress
  • Peter Cetera, lead singer and guitarist of American rock group Chicago
• September 15 – Graham Taylor, English footballer and football manager (d. 2017)
• September 17 – Reinhold Messner, Italian mountaineer
• September 18
  • Veronica Carlson, English actress and model
  • Satan's Angel, American exotic dancer
• September 19 – İsmet Özel, Turkish poet
• September 21
  • Caleb Deschanel, American cinematographer and film director
  • Hamilton Jordan, Jimmy Carter's first White House Chief of Staff (d. 2008)
• September 22 – Frazer Hines, British actor
• September 25 – Michael Douglas, American film actor and producer
• September 26 – Anne Robinson, British television host
• September 28 – Miloš Zeman, 3rd President of the Czech Republic
• September 30 – Jimmy Johnstone, Scottish footballer (d. 2006)

October

• October 2 – Vernor Vinge, American science fiction writer
• October 4
  • Rocío Dúrcal, Spanish singer and actress (d. 2006)
  • Tony La Russa, American baseball player and manager
• Octoberخمسة – Arnhim Eustace, Vincentian politician and 3rd Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• Octoberستة – Mylon LeFevre, American singer and evangelist
• October 9
  • John Entwistle, English musician (The Who) (d. 2002)
  • Nona Hendryx, American R&B singer (Labelle)
  • Peter Tosh, Jamaican singer and musician (d. 1987)
• October 12 – Augustine Paul, Malaysian federal court judge (d. 2010)
• October 15
  • Mac Collins, American politician (d. 2018)
  • Şerif Gören, Turkish film director
  • David Trimble, Northern Irish Unionist political leader; recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize 1998
• October 20 – Clive Hornby, English actor (d. 2008)
• October 21 – Jean-Pierre Sauvage, French scientist; recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016
• October 25
  • Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician (d. 2013)
  • Kati Kovács, Hungarian jazz, pop and rock musician
  • Jon Anderson, English rock singer-songwriter and musician
• October 27 – Nikolai Karachentsov, Russian actor (d. 2018)
• October 28
  • Marián Labuda, Slovak actor (d. 2018)
  • Dennis Franz, American actor
• October 30 – Ahmed Chalabi, Iraqi businessman and politician (d. 2015)
• October 31 – Hal Wick, American politician (d. 2018)

November

• November 1
  • Florindo Fabrizio, American politician (d. 2018)
  • Bobby Heenan, American professional wrestling manager and commentator (d. 2017)
  • Oscar Temaru, President of French Polynesia
  • Rafic Hariri, 2-Time Prime Minister of Lebanon (d. 2005)
• November 2 – Keith Emerson, English keyboardist (d. 2016)
• November أربعة – Linda Gary, American voice actress (d. 1995)
• Novemberستة – Wild Man Fischer, Outsider musician
• Novemberسبعة – Joe Niekro, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• November 10
  • Askar Akayevich Akayev, 1st President of Kyrgyzstan
  • Silvestre Reyes, American politician
  • Tim Rice, lyricist, writer and broadcaster
• November 11
  • Daniel Ortega, President of Nicaragua
  • Kemal Sunal, Turkish comedian
• November 12
  • Booker T. Jones, American musician, singer and songwriter
  • Al Michaels, American sportscaster
• November 17
  • Gene Clark, American singer-songwriter (d. 1991)
  • Danny DeVito, American actor, film producer and director
  • Rem Koolhaas, Dutch architect
  • Lorne Michaels, Canadian television and film producer
  • Tom Seaver, American baseball player
• November 18
  • Wolfgang Joop, German artist, fashion designer, and art collector
  • Edwin C. Krupp, American astronomer author, and Director of the Griffith Observatory
• November 20 – Donald DiFrancesco, American lawyer and politician, 51st Governor of New Jersey
• November 21
  • Richard Durbin, American politician; United States Senator (D-IL)
  • Harold Ramis, American actor, director and comedy writer (d. 2014)
• November 24
  • Candy Darling, American actress (d. 1974)
  • Ibrahim Gambari, Nigerian scholar and diplomat
• November 25
  • Ben Stein, American law professor, actor and author
  • Michael Kijana Wamalwa, Kenyan politician, 8th Vice President of Kenya
• November 27 – Mickey Leland, U.S. House of Representatives from Texas (d. 1989)
• November 30 – George Graham, Scottish football player and manager

December

• December 1 – John Densmore, drummer, member of The Doors.
• December 2
  • Cathy Lee Crosby, American actress (That's Incredible!)
  • Ibrahim Rugova, 1st President of Kosovo (d. 2006)
• December ثلاثة – Ralph McTell English singer songwriter
• December أربعة – Dennis Wilson, American singer, songwriter and drummer (d. 1983)
• Decemberخمسة – Jeroen Krabbé, Dutch actor and film director
• December 6
  • Kit Culkin, American stage actor
  • Ron Kenoly, American Christian leader
  • Sutiyoso, Indonesian politician, former general and former governor of Jakarta
  • Jonathan King, British music producer
• December 7
  • Daniel Chorzempa, American organist
  • Georges Coste, French Rugby player and coach
• December 9
  • Tadashi Irie, Japanese yakuza boss
  • Ki Longfellow, American novelist
• December 11
  • Brenda Lee, American singer
  • Lynda Day George, American actress
  • Teri Garr, American actress
• December 12
  • Diana Bracho, Mexican actress
  • Kenneth Cranham, Scottish born actor
  • Cara Duff-MacCormick, Canadian stage actress
• December 17 – Bernard Hill, British actor
• December 19
  • María Martha Serra Lima, Argentine singer (d. 2017)
  • Tim Reid, American actor and comedian
  • Terry Underwood, Australian author
• December 21
  • Bill Atkinson, English footballer
  • Michael Tilson Thomas, American conductor
  • Zheng Xiaoyu, Chinese bureaucrat (d. 2007)
• December 22 – Steve Carlton, American baseball player
• December 23
  • Wesley Clark, U.S. general and NATO Supreme Allied Commander
  • Ingar Knudtsen, Norwegian writer
• December 24 – Erhard Keller, German speed skater
• December 25 – Jairzinho, Brazilian football player
• December 26
  • Bill Ayers, American education theorist and former radical anti-war activist
  • Jane Lapotaire, British actress
  • Aleksey Mikhalyov, Russian translator
• December 28
  • Edgar Vivar, Mexican actor, Señor Barriga and Ñoño in El Chavo del Ocho
  • Kary Mullis, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• December 30 – Joseph Hilbe, American statistician and author
• December 31 – Jan Widströmer, Swedish artist

مجهولة التاريخ

• Sima Bina, Iranian vocalist
• William Goad, British businessman and serial child rapist (d. 2012)
• Ahmad Kamyabi Mask, Iranian scholar

Deaths

January

• January 1
  • Edwin Lutyens, British architect (و. 1869)
  • Charles Turner, Australian cricketer (و. 1862)
• January أربعة – Kaj Munk, Danish playwright, Lutheran pastor and martyr (و. 1898)
• Januaryستة – Ida Tarbell, American journalist and muckraker (و. 1857)
• Januaryسبعة – Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (و. 1874)
• January 10
  • William Emerson Ritter, American biologist (و. 1856)
  • Andrey Toshev, Bulgarian scientist and diplomat, 26th Andrey Toshev]] (و. 1867)
• January 11
  • Notable Italian Fascist leaders executed in the Verona Trial
    • Emilio De Bono, General, former member of the Grand Council of Fascism (و. 1866)
    • Gian Galeazzo Ciano, 2nd Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari, aristocrat and diplomat, former member of the Grand Council of Fascism (و. 1903)
    • Giovanni Marinelli, former member of the Grand Council of Fascism (و. 1879)
  • Charles King, American actor (و. 1889)
  • Edgard Potier, Belgian spy (suicide) (و. 1903)
• January 12 – Nicholas Bunkerd Kitbamrung, Thai Roman Catholic priest and blessed (و. 1895)
• January 13 – King Yuhi V of Rwanda (و. 1883)
• January 14 – Mehmet Emin Yurdakul, Turkish writer (و. 1869)
• January 20 – James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (و. 1860)
• January 21 – Yoshimi Nishida, Japanese general (و. 1892)
• January 23 – Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (و. 1863)
• January 25 – Teresa Grillo Michel, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (و. 1855)
• January 29 – William Allen White, American journalist (و. 1868)
• January 31
  • Jean Giraudoux, French writer (و. 1882)
  • Árpád Weisz, Hungarian footballer (و. 1896)

February

• February 1 – Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (و. 1872)
• February أربعة – Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (و. 1867)
• Februaryسبعة – Robert E. Park, American Sociologist (و. 1864)
• Februaryتسعة – Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux, British poet, essayist and novelist (و. 1857)
• February 11 – Carl Meinhof, German linguist (و. 1857)
• February 12
  • Kenneth Gandar-Dower, English sportsman, aviator, explorer and author (و. 1908)
  • Margaret Woodrow Wilson, American singer; Presidential daughter (و. 1886)
• February 13 – Edgar Selwyn, American screenwriter (و. 1875)
• February 16
  • Carl August Ehrensvärd, Swedish admiral (و. 1858)
  • Henri Nathansen, Danish writer and director (و. 1868)
• February 21 – Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born race car driver (و. 1873)
• February 23 – Leo Baekeland, Belgian-born American chemist (و. 1863)
• February 29 – Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Finnish politician, 1st Prime Minister of Finland and 3rd President of Finland (و. 1861)

March

• March ثلاثة – Paul-Émile Janson, Belgian politician, 30th Prime Minister of Belgium (و. 1872)
• March أربعة – Louis Buchalter, Jewish-born American mobster, head of Murder, Inc. (executed) (و. 1897)
• March 5
  • Max Jacob, French poet (و. 1876)
  • Neel E. Kearby, American fighter ace (killed in action) (و. 1911)
• Marchتسعة – Demetrios Capetanakis, Greek poet, essayist and critic (و. 1912)
• March 11
  • Hendrik Willem van Loon, Dutch-born American historian, journalist and writer (و. 1882)
  • Irvin S. Cobb, American writer (و. 1876)
• March 15
  • Otto von Below, German general (و. 1857)
  • Mariya Oktyabrskaya, Soviet national hero (و. 1905)
• March 17 – Mario Bravo, Argentinian politician and writer (و. 1862)
• March 19
  • Giuseppe de Liguoro, Italian actor and director (و. 1869)
  • Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau, French general (و. 1851)
• March 22 – Pierre Brossolette, journalist and French Resistance fighter (و. 1903)
• March 23 – Myron Selznick, American film producer (و. 1898)
• March 24
  • Aldo Finzi, Italian politician (executed) (و. 1891)
  • Pietro Pappagallo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (و. 1888)
  • Orde Wingate, British soldier (و. 1903)
• March 25 – Omelyan Kovch, Soviet Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox priest, martyr and blessed (و. 1884)
• March 31
  • Antoni Kiewnarski, Polish WWII hero (و. 1899)
  • Mineichi Koga, Japanese admiral (و. 1885)
  • Włodzimierz Kolanowski, Polish army officer (و. 1913)

April

• April 1 – Sharifzyan Kazanbaev, Soviet army officer (و. 1916)
• April 2 – John Batchelor, British missionary and reverend (و. 1855)
• Aprilتسعة – Yevgeniya Rudneva, Soviet WWII heroine (و. 1920)
• April 13 – Bartolomeo Gosio, Italian scientist (و. 1863)
• April 17 – J. T. Hearne, English cricketer (و. 1867)
• April 21 – Hans-Valentin Hube, German army general (و. 1890)
• April 24 – Charles Jordan, American magician (و. 1888)
• April 25 – George Herriman, American cartoonist (و. 1880)
• April 28
  • Mohammed Alim Khan, Emir of Bukhara (و. 1880)
  • Frank Knox, American Secretary of the Navy during WWII (و. 1874)
• April 29
  • Billy Bitzer, American cinematographer (و. 1874)
  • Bernardino Machado, Portuguese political figure, 2-time Prime Minister of Portugal and 2-time President of Portugal (و. 1851)
• April 30 – Paul Poiret, French couturier (و. 1879)

May

• Mayخمسة – Bertha Benz, German automotive pioneer, wife and business partner of automobile inventor Karl Benz (و. 1849)
• Mayسبعة – William Ledyard Rodgers, American admiral and military and naval historian (و. 1860)
• Mayثمانية – Albert Leo Stevens, pioneering American balloonist (و. 1877)
• May 11 – Leon Kozłowski, Polish archaeologist and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Poland (و. 1892)
• May 12
  • Max Brand, American author (و. 1892)
  • Harold Lowe, British sailor, 5th officer of the (و. 1882)
  • Arthur Quiller-Couch, British writer (و. 1863)
  • Edel Quinn, Irish Roman Catholic laywoman, missionary and venerable (و. 1907)
• May 15 – Patriarch Sergius I (و. 1867)
• May 16 – George Ade, American author (و. 1866)
• May 17 – Milena Jesenská, Czechoslovakian journalist, writer, editor and translator (و. 1896)
• May 20
  • Fraser Barron, New Zealand bomber pilot during WWII (و. 1921)
  • Eugenio Colorni, Italian philosopher and activist (و. 1909)
  • Vincent Rose, American musician and band leader (و. 1880)
• May 21 – Edmund Mortimer, American actor and director (و. 1874)
• May 23 – Thomas Curtis, American Olympic athlete (و. 1873)
• May 24
  • Inigo Campioni, Italian admiral (executed) (و. 1878)
  • Matsuji Ijuin, Japanese admiral (و. 1893)
  • Luigi Mascherpa, Italian admiral (و. 1893)
  • Harold Bell Wright, American writer (و. 1872)
• May 25 – Clark Daniel Stearns, 9th Governor of American Samoa (و. 1870)
• May 30
  • Patriarch Mesrob I Naroyan of Constantinople (و. 1875)
  • Jessie Ralph, American actress (و. 1864)

June

• Juneخمسة – Józef Beck, Polish statesman (و. 1894)
• June 6
  • Joseph Campbell, Northern Irish poet and lyricist (و. 1879)
  • Wilhelm Falley, German general (killed in action) (و. 1897)
  • Don Pratt, American general (killed in action) (و. 1892)
  • Ker-Xavier Roussel, French painter (و. 1867)
• June 12 – Erich Marcks, German general (و. 1891)
• June 16 – Marc Bloch, French historian (و. 1886)
• June 25
  • Dénes Berinkey, 21st Prime Minister of Hungary (و. 1871)
  • Lucha Reyes, Mexican singer (و. 1906)
  • María Chinchilla Recinos, Guatemalan teacher (و. 1909)
• June 27 – Milan Hodža, Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (و. 1878)
• June 28 – Anton Breinl, Australian medical practitioner and researcher (و. 1880)

July

• July 1 – Carl Mayer, Austrian screenwriter (و. 1894)
• July 6
  • Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (و. 1919)
  • Vera Leigh, British World War II heroine (و. 1903)
  • Chūichi Nagumo, Japanese admiral (و. 1887)
  • Sonya Olschanezky, German World War II heroine (و. 1923)
  • Diana Rowden, British World War II heroine (و. 1915)
• Julyسبعة – Georges Mandel, French politician and WWII hero (و. 1885)
• July 8
  • George B. Seitz, American director (و. 1888)
  • Takeo Takagi, Japanese admiral (و. 1892)
• Julyتسعة – Ingvar Fredrik Håkansson, Swedish pilot (و. 1920)
• July 12
  • Jesus Baza Duenas, Guamese Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (و. 1911)
  • Theodore Roosevelt Jr., American political and business leader (و. 1887)
• July 14 – Asmahan, Syrian-born Egyptian singer (b.1918)
• July 15 – Joseph Sadi-Lecointe, French aviator (و. 1891)
• July 16 – Moncena Dunn, American inventor (و. 1867)
• July 17 – Tarsykiya Matskiv, Soviet Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox religious sister and blessed (و. 1919)
• July 18
  • Augusto De Angelis, Italian writer and journalist (و. 1888)
  • George Holt, American actor and director (و. 1878)
  • Rex Whistler, British artist (و. 1905)
• July 20
  • Heinz Brandt, German officer (و. 1907)
  • Mildred Harris, American actress (و. 1901)
  • Günther Korten, German colonel-general, chief of staff of the Luftwaffe (و. 1898)
• July 21
  • Ludwig Beck, German general and Chief of the German General Staff (و. 1880)
  • Werner von Haeften, German resistance member (executed) (و. 1908)
  • Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim, German resistance leader (و. 1905)
  • Hans-Ulrich von Oertzen, German resistance member (suicide) (و. 1915)
  • Friedrich Olbricht, German resistance leader (و. 1888)
  • Claus von Stauffenberg, German resistance leader (و. 1907)
  • Henning von Tresckow, German general and resistance leader (suicide) (و. 1901)
• July 23 – Eduard Wagner, German general and resistance member (suicide) (و. 1894)
• July 25
  • Lesley J. McNair, American general (و. 1883)
  • Jakob von Uexküll, Baltic German biologist (و. 1864)
• July 26
  • Clóvis Beviláqua, Brazilian jurist, historian and journalist (و. 1859)
  • Wessel Freytag von Loringhoven, German resistance member (suicide) (و. 1899)
  • Takakazu Kinashi, Japanese army officer (و. 1902)
  • Reza Pahlavi, 20th Prime Minister of Iran and Shah of Iran (و. 1877)
• July 27 – Perry McGillivray, American Olympic swimmer (و. 1893)
• July 28 – Werner Schrader, German resistance member (suicide) (و. 1895)
• July 30
  • Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, Soviet aeronautical engineer and aircraft designer (و. 1892)
  • Lee Powell, American actor (و. 1908)
• July 31 – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, French pilot and writer (و. 1900)

August

• August 1
  • Jean Prévost, French writer and journalist, member of the Maquis (و. 1901)
  • Manuel L. Quezon, Filipino statesman, soldier and politician, 2nd President of the Philippines (و. 1878)
• August 2 – Kakuji Kakuta, Japanese admiral (و. 1890)
• August أربعة – Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński, Polish poet (و. 1921)
• Augustخمسة – Jędrzej Moraczewski, Polish politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Poland (و. 1870)
• Augustسبعة – Jadwiga Falkowska, Polish teacher and activist (و. 1889)
• August 8
  • Robert Bernardis, German resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1908)
  • Albrecht von Hagen, German resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1904)
  • Paul von Hase, German general and resistance leader (executed) (و. 1885)
  • Erich Hoepner, German colonel-general and resistance leader (executed) (و. 1886)
  • Juliusz Kaden-Bandrowski, Polish journalist and novelist (و. 1885)
  • Hellmuth Stieff, German resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1901)
  • Michael Wittmann, German tank commander (killed in action) (و. 1914)
  • Erwin von Witzleben, German Field Marshal and resistance leader (executed) (و. 1881)
  • Peter Yorck von Wartenburg, German resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1904)
• Augustتسعة – Felix Nussbaum, German painter (و. 1904)
• August 10
  • Alfred Kranzfelder, German resistance fighter (و. 1908)
  • Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg, German resistance fighter (و. 1902)
  • Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, Nazi opponent and lawyer (و. 1905)
  • Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein (و. 1917)
• August 11
  • Francesco Federico Falco, Italian doctor (و. 1866)
  • Hideyoshi Obata, Japanese general (و. 1890)
• August 12
  • Jose Garvida Flores, Filipino writer, poet and playwright (و. 1900)
  • Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American fighter pilot, oldest son of Joseph P. Kennedy (و. 1915)
  • Suzanne Spaak, Belgian World War II heroine (و. 1905)
• August 15
  • Egbert Hayessen, German resistance fighter (و. 1913)
  • Hans Bernd von Haeften, German resistance fighter (و. 1905)
  • Wolf-Heinrich Graf von Helldorff, German police chief and resistance fighter (و. 1896)
• August 17
  • Franciszek Brodniewicz, Polish actor (و. 1892)
  • Eugénio de Castro, Portuguese poet and writer (و. 1869)
• August 18
  • Eugeniusz Horbaczewski, Polish pilot (و. 1917)
  • Ernst Thälmann, German Communist leader (executed) (و. 1886)
• August 19
  • Günther von Kluge, German field marshal (suicide) (و. 1882)
  • Henry Wood, British conductor (و. 1869)
• August 21
  • Friedrich Gustav Jaeger, German resistance fighter (و. 1895)
  • Maciej Kalenkiewicz, Polish engineer and military officer (و. 1906)
  • Marian Lalewicz, Polish architect (و. 1876)
• August 23
  • Aleksander Augustynowicz, Polish painter (و. 1865)
  • Abdülmecid II, last Caliph of the Ottoman Empire (و. 1868)
  • Otto Kiep, German resistance fighter (و. 1886)
  • Nikolai Roslavets, Soviet composer (و. 1880)
• August 24 – Carlo Emanuele Buscaglia, Italian aviator (و. 1915)
• August 25 – Teresio Vittorio Martinoli, Italian pilot (و. 1917)
• August 26
  • Hans Georg Klamroth, German resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1898)
  • Hans Leesment, Estonian general (و. 1873)
  • Ludwig Freiherr von Leonrod, German resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1906)
  • Adam von Trott zu Solz, German diplomat and resistance fighter (executed) (و. 1909)
• August 27
  • Carlo Fecia di Cossato, Italian navy officer (و. 1908)
  • Princess Mafalda of Savoy (و. 1902)
• August 28
  • Teresa Bracco, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (killed in battle) (و. 1924)
  • Rudolf Breitscheid, German politician (و. 1874)
  • Bronislaw Kaminski, Polish army officer (و. 1899)
• August 30
  • Moissaye Boguslawski, American pianist and composer (و. 1887)
  • Eberhard Finckh, German resistance fighter (و. 1899)
  • Hans Otfried von Linstow, German resistance fighter (و. 1899)
  • Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel, German general and resistance leader (و. 1886)

September

• September 1 – Krystyna Dąbrowska, Polish sculptor and painter (و. 1906)
• September 2 – Maria Vetulani de Nisau, Polish soldier (و. 1898)
• September 4
  • Erich Fellgiebel, German general and resistance fighter (و. 1886)
  • Heinrich Graf von Lehndorff-Steinort, German resistance fighter (و. 1909)
  • Fritz Thiele, German general and resistance fighter (و. 1894)
• Septemberخمسة – Gustave Biéler, Swiss WWII hero (و. 1904)
• Septemberستة – Jan Franciszek Czartoryski, Polish Roman Catholic priest, martyr and blessed (و. 1897)
• Septemberسبعة – Eduardo Sánchez de Fuentes, Cuban composer (و. 1897)
• September 8
  • Georg Hansen, German resistance fighter (و. 1904)
  • Ulrich von Hassell, German diplomat and resistance fighter (و. 1881)
  • Paul Lejeune-Jung, German resistance fighter (و. 1882)
  • Ulrich Wilhelm Graf Schwerin von Schwanenfeld, German resistance fighter (و. 1902)
  • Günther Smend, German resistance fighter (و. 1912)
  • Josef Wirmer, German resistance fighter (و. 1901)
• Septemberتسعة – Robert Benoist, French race car driver and war hero (و. 1895)
• September 11 – Joseph Müller, German Roman Catholic priest and Servant of God (executed) (و. 1894)
• September 12 – Robert Fiske, American actor (و. 1889)
• September 13
  • Yolande Beekman, French WWII heroine (و. 1911)
  • Madeleine Damerment, French WWII heroine (و. 1917)
  • Noor Inayat Khan, Indian WWII heroine (و. 1914)
  • Eliane Plewman, British WWII heroine (و. 1917)
  • W. Heath Robinson, British cartoonist and illustrator (و. 1872)
• September 14
  • Heinrich Graf zu Dohna-Schlobitten, German resistance fighter (و. 1882)
  • John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian WWII hero (و. 1914)
  • Michael Graf von Matuschka, German resistance fighter (و. 1888)
  • Frank Pickersgill, Canadian WWII hero (و. 1915)
  • Roméo Sabourin, Canadian WWII hero (و. 1923)
  • Nikolaus von Üxküll-Gyllenband, German resistance fighter (و. 1877)
  • Hermann Josef Wehrle, German Catholic priest and resistance member (و. 1899)
• September 16 – Gustav Bauer, 11th Chancellor of Germany (و. 1870)
• September 18
  • Hendrikus Colijn, Dutch policeman, politician and businessman, 25th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (و. 1869)
  • Anton Saefkow, German communist (و. 1903)
• September 22 – Fritz Lindemann, German army officer (و. 1894)
• September 23 – Matylda Palfyova, Czechoslovakian artistic gymnast (و. 1912)
• September 25
  • Walter Breisky, Austrian civil servant, acting Chancellor of Austria (و. 1871)
  • Eugeniusz Lokajski, Polish athlete, gymnast and photographer (و. 1909)
  • Leo Chiozza Money, Italian-British economist and politician (و. 1870)
• September 27 – Aristide Maillol, French sculptor and painter (و. 1861)
• September 28 – Josef Bürckel, German Nazi gauleiter (و. 1895)
• September 29
  • Otto Herfurth, German general and resistance fighter (و. 1893)
  • Wilhelm Leuschner German politician and resistance fighter (و. 1890)
  • Joachim Meichssner, German resistance fighter (و. 1906)
  • Joachim Sadrozinski, German resistance fighter (و. 1907)

October

• October 1
  • Sir William Mulock, Canadian lawyer, politiican and businessman (و. 1843)
  • Rudolf Schmundt, German general (و. 1896)
• October 2
  • Benjamin Fondane, Romanian-French Symbolist poet, critic and existentialist philosopher (gassed in Auschwitz concentration camp) (و. 1898)
  • Julián Felipe, Filipino musician and bandleader (و. 1861)
  • Maeda Toshisada, Japanese politician (و. 1874)
• October أربعة – Al Smith, American politician (و. 1873)
• Octoberخمسة – Prince Gustav of Denmark (و. 1887)
• Octoberثمانية – Wendell Willkie, American politician (و. 1892)
• Octoberتسعة – Kitty Marion, German-born actress and women's rights activist in England and the United States (و. 1871)
• October 12
  • Ramón Castillo, Argentinian politician, 25th President of Argentina (و. 1873)
  • Carl Langbehn, German resistance member (و. 1901)
  • Rudolf von Marogna-Redwitz, German resistance member (و. 1886)
• October 13
  • Hans-Jürgen von Blumenthal, German resistance member (و. 1907)
  • Roland von Hößlin, German resistance member (و. 1915)
• October 14 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (و. 1891)
• October 17 – Anton Hafner, German aviator (و. 1918)
• October 18
  • Alexander, Prince of Erbach-Schönberg (و. 1872)
  • Josef Maria Eder, Austrian chemist (و. 1855)
• October 19
  • Isadore Bernstein, American screenwriter (و. 1867)
  • Deneys Reitz, South African soldier and diplomat (و. 1882)
• October 20
  • Eduard Brücklmeier, German diplomat and resistance member (و. 1903)
  • Hermann Maaß, German politician and resistance member (و. 1897)
  • Adolf Reichwein, German politician and resistance member (و. 1898)
• October 21
  • Alois Kayser, German missionary (و. 1877)
  • Hilma af Klint, Swedish abstract painter (و. 1862)
• October 22 – Richard Bennett, American actor (و. 1870)
• October 23 – Charles Glover Barkla, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (و. 1877)
• October 24
  • Shōji Nishimura, Japanese vice admiral (و. 1889)
  • Karl Freiherr von Thüngen, German general and resistance member (executed) (و. 1893)
• October 26
  • HRH The Princess Beatrice, youngest and last surviving child of Queen Victoria (و. 1857)
  • Hiroyoshi Nishizawa, Japanese fighter ace (و. 1920)
  • José de la Riva-Agüero y Osma, Peruvian historian, writer and politician, 84th Prime Minister of Peru (و. 1885)
  • William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (و. 1881)

November

• November 1
  • Ismael Pérez Pazmiño, Ecuadoran writer (و. 1876)
  • Andrey Sheptytsky, Soviet Eastern Catholic archbishop and venerable (و. 1865)
• November 2
  • Karol Irzykowski, Polish writer (و. 1873)
  • Thomas Midgley, Jr., American chemist and inventor (و. 1889)
• November أربعة – John Dill, Field Marshal of the British Army (و. 1881)
• Novemberخمسة – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (و. 1873)
• November 7
  • Max Bergmann, German biochemist (و. 1886)
  • Hannah Szenes, Hungarian World War II heroine (و. 1921)
• Novemberثمانية – Jane Grey, American actress (و. 1883)
• November 10
  • Wang Jingwei, Chinese statesman, President of the Nanjing-based and Japanese-supported collaborationist Government of the Republic of China (و. 1883)
  • Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg, German diplomat and resistance member (و. 1875)
• November 12 – George F. Houston, American actor (و. 1896)
• November 13
  • Carl Lampert, Austrian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (و. 1894)
  • Friedrich Lorenz, German Roman Catholic priest and blessed (و. 1897)
• November 14
  • Walter Cramer, German resistance member (و. 1886)
  • Trafford Leigh-Mallory, British aviator and Royal Air Force Air Chief Marshal (و. 1892)
  • Bernhard Letterhaus, German trade unionist and resistance member (و. 1894)
  • Ferdinand von Lüninck, German politician and resistance member (و. 1888)
• November 16 – Maria Rodziewiczówna, Polish writer (و. 1863)
• November 19 – Ignacio Bolívar, Spanish naturalist and entomologist (و. 1850)
• November 22
  • Joseph Caillaux, French politician, 57th Prime Minister of France (و. 1863)
  • Arthur Eddington, British astronomer, physicist and mathematician (و. 1882)
• November 25 – Kenesaw Mountain Landis, 1st commissioner of Major League Baseball (و. 1866)
• November 26 – Florence Foster Jenkins, American socialite and singer (و. 1868)
• November 30 – Lilo Gloeden, German resistance member (و. 1903)

December

• December 1 – Franciszek Pius Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman and activist (و. 1878)
• December 2
  • Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Italian poet, editor and art theorist, founder of the Futurist movement (و. 1876)
  • Josef Lhévinne, Soviet pianist (و. 1874)
• December ثلاثة – Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (و. 1882)
• December أربعة – Roger Bresnahan, American baseball player and member of the MLB Hall of Fame (و. 1879)
• Decemberتسعة – Laird Cregar, American actor (و. 1913)
• December 11 – Montgomery Cunningham Meigs, American WWII hero (و. 1919)
• December 12 – Bernard Chrzanowski, Polish activist (و. 1861)
• December 13 – Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born Polish artist (و. 1866)
• December 14 – Lupe Vélez, Mexican actress (و. 1908)
• December 15 – Glenn Miller, American band leader (accident) (و. 1904)
• December 19 – King Abbas II of Egypt (و. 1874)
• December 20
  • Caesar von Hofacker, German resistance member (و. 1896)
  • Carl Wentzel, German resistance member (و. 1875)
• December 22 – Harry Langdon, American comedian (و. 1884)
• December 26 – George Bellamy, British actor (و. 1866)
• December 27 – Sára Salkaházi, Hungarian Roman Catholic religious sister and blessed (و. 1899)
• December 30 – Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (و. 1866)
• December 31 – Vicente Lim, Filipino general of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (و. 1889)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Isidor Isaac Rabi
• Chemistry – Otto Hahn
• Medicine – Joseph Erlanger, Herbert Spencer Gasser
• Literature – Johannes V. Jensen
• Peace – International Committee of the Red Cross

الهامش

ru-sib:1944