فلوريد
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| الأسماء | |||
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اسم أيوپاك
Fluoride
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| تمييز | |||
| رقم CAS | [] | ||
| PubChem | |||
| KEGG | |||
| عناوين مواضيع طبية MeSH | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| SMILES |
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| مرجع Gmelin | 14905 | ||
| الخصائص | |||
| الصيغة الجزيئية | F | ||
| كتلة مولية | 19 g mol-1 | ||
| الكيمياء الحرارية | |||
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للتشكل ΔfH |
−333 kJ mol−1 | ||
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entropy S |
145.58 J/mol K (gaseous) | ||
| مركبات ذا علاقة | |||
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أنيونات أخرى
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ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa). | |||
| مراجع الجدول | |||
الفلوريدات هي أملاح فلور تستعمل عادة لوقاية الأسنان من الإصابة بنخر الأسنان. أهمها فلوريد الكالسيوم (CaF) وفلوريد الصوديوم (NaF) وأمين فلوريد (AmF).
التواجد
Fluorite crystals
Many fluoride minerals are known, but of paramount commercial importance is fluorite (CaF2), which is roughly 49% fluoride by mass. The soft, colorful mineral is found worldwide.
الخصائص الكيميائية
القاعدية
Fluoride can act as a base. It can combine with a proton (H+ ):
- F− + H+ → HF
This neutralization reaction forms hydrogen fluoride (HF), the conjugate acid of fluoride.
منع تسوس الأسنان
Fluoride is sold in tablets for cavity prevention.
Estimated daily intake
| Food/Drink | Fluoride (mg per 100 g) |
Portion | Fluoride (mg per portion) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Black tea (brewed) | 0.373 | 1 cup, 240 g (8 fl oz) | 0.884 |
| Raisins, seedless | 0.234 | small box, 43 g (1.5 oz) | 0.101 |
| Table wine | 0.153 | Bottle, 750 ml (26.4 fl oz) | 1.150 |
| Municipal tap-water, (Fluoridated) |
0.081 | Recommended daily intake, ثلاثة لترs (0.79 غال-أمريكي) |
2.433 |
| Baked potatoes, Russet | 0.045 | Medium potato, 140 g (0.3 lb) | 0.078 |
| Lamb | 0.032 | Chop, 170 g (6 oz) | 0.054 |
| Carrots | 0.003 | 1 large carrot, 72 g (2.5 oz) | 0.002 |
Data taken from United States Department of Agriculture, National Nutrient Database
السلامة
Other derivatives
Organic and inorganic anions are produced from fluoride, including:
- Bifluoride used as an etchant for glass.
- Tetrafluoroberyllate
- Hexafluoroplatinate
- Tetrafluoroborate used in organometallic synthesis.
- Hexafluorophosphate used as an electrolyte in commercial secondary batteries.
- Trifluoromethanesulfonate
انظر أيضاً
- Fluoride deficiency
- Fluoride selective electrode
- Fluoride therapy
- F NMR spectroscopy
- Sodium monofluorophosphate
References
- ^ "Fluorides – PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Identification.
- ^ "Fluorine anion". NIST. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
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^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير سليم؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةAigueperse - ^ http://www.eng.chimko.com/item29/
وصلات خارجية
- Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review of Fluoridation and Regulation Issues Congressional Research Service
- U.S. government site for checking status of local water fluoridation
